JPS63233337A - Rubbing diagnostic apparatus of rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the title diagnostic apparatus prevented from a lowering of efficiency, by preventing the erroneous operation of a rotary machine even when a rubbing phenomenon is generated. CONSTITUTION:At first, the vibration of a rotary machine 1 is detected by a vibration detection part 13 to output the vibration signal 12a corresponding to the detection result. Next, the rubbing vibration generated in the rotary machine 1 caused by the rubbing phenomenon thereof is detected by a rubbing detection part 9 to output the rubbing signal 8a corresponding to the detection result. Subsequently, the vibration signal 12a and the rubbing signal 8a are used to perform predetermined operation in an operation part 14. Since the output signal 14a of the operation part 14 shows the correct diagnostic result to the rubbing phenomenon generated in the rotary machine 1, when the operation of the rotary machine 1 is performed on the basis of the signal 14a, the operation of the rotary machine 1 can be correctly performed even when rubbing is generated. Therefore, a diagnostic apparatus not lowering the operating efficiency of the rotary machine 1 can be obtained.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is an apparatus for diagnosing a rubbing failure state in a rotating machine, and in particular a system that can obtain diagnostic results that will not cause a decrease in the operating efficiency of the rotating machine. Regarding filtration equipment.

[Conventional technology]

If a rubbing phenomenon occurs during operation of a rotating machine such as a steam turbine or generator, it may cause abnormal vibrations in the rotating machine, such as abnormal shaft runout of the rotating shaft, or abnormalities in the bearings due to this shaft runout. Displacement vibrations (hereinafter referred to simply as rotating machine vibrations) may occur, making it impossible to continue operation or leading to serious accidents. The occurrence of a rubbing phenomenon is detected by monitoring the state of elastic wave vibration (hereinafter referred to as rubbing vibration) generated in a solid member of a rotating machine using a rubbing detection device. For example, in the past, operating operations have often been performed such as changing a rotating machine from a normal rotation state to a predetermined low speed rotation state and waiting for the rubbing phenomenon to disappear. Generally, this is performed based on a detection signal output from a rubbing detection device when the magnitude of rubbing vibration exceeds a predetermined value.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Conventionally, the above-mentioned operation of rotating machinery has been performed based on the above-mentioned detection signal output from the rubbing detection device. However, if this excess amount is a small value and the magnitude of the vibration of the rotating machine does not change over time, the rotating machine may continue to rotate normally without reducing its speed. The case is often V
It has been c. Therefore, intentionally setting the rotating machine to a low-speed rotation state in such a case is an operation operation that causes a decrease in operating efficiency of the rotating machine. Conventional rubbing diagnostic equipment, which diagnoses failure conditions due to rubbing phenomena in rotating machinery by only the above-mentioned rubbing detection device, cannot obtain rubbing diagnostic results that provide accurate operating guidelines for rotating machinery. There is a problem in that it is possible to make a mistake in operating operation, which may result in a reduction in the operating efficiency of the rotating machine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a rubbing detection device that prevents mistakes in the operation of a single-rotating machine and, as a result, does not cause a decrease in operating efficiency of the rotating machine.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a vibration detection section that detects vibrations in a rotating machine and outputs a vibration signal corresponding to the detected vibration, and a vibration detection section that detects vibrations in a rotating machine and outputs a vibration signal corresponding to the detected vibration. a rubbing detection unit that detects generated rubbing vibration and outputs a false ping warning according to the detection result; and a calculation unit that performs a predetermined calculation using the vibration signal and the rubbing signal, The rubbing condition of the rotating machine is diagnosed based on the output signal of the rotating machine.

[Effect]

With the above configuration, the output word from the calculation unit indicates an accurate guideline for operating the rotating machine.As a result, if a rubbing phenomenon occurs, the correct operating operation for the rotating machine can be performed. Can be done.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, law lb, lc', 1tH! The rotating shaft, casing, bearing metal, and bearing cover of rotating machine I, respectively
ef" 1 is a rotating body that is fixed to the rotating shaft 13 and rotates inside the casing 1b. 2a has one end fixed to the bearing metal ICK, penetrates the bearing cover 1d, and the other end that cannot be pulled out of the cover 1d. The acoustic sensor 2 is fixed to a waveguide made of metal 41!, and the waveguide 2a is a metal bearing IC.
Solid-state elastic wave vibration sensor 2 including rubbing vibration in
When the elastic wave vibration is transmitted as described above, the sensor 2 generates an electrical analog signal 2 corresponding to the vibration #'IVc.
They are each configured to output b.

3 is a pulse generator configured to output a pulse signal 3a synchronized with the rotation of the rotating shaft 1a; 4 is an amplifier for amplifying the signal 2b; and 5 is an input signal 4a output from the amplifier 4, which is used to generate a pulse signal 3a synchronized with the rotation of the rotating shaft 1a. This is a bandpass filter that extracts dominant frequency components and outputs a signal 5a with an improved S/N ratio.

6 is a detector that performs envelope detection on the output signal 5aVc of the filter 5; 7 is a detector that uses the pulse signal 3a output from the pulse generator 3 as a trigger signal to calculate the average waveform of the detector output signal 6a during a predetermined time period; The waveform signal 7a corresponding to the calculation result is output (this is an average waveform calculation unit. Since the calculation unit 7 is configured as described above, the waveform signal 7a is the output signal of the wave detector. RaVc is not included, and the pulse signal 3aVc is a signal from which unsynchronized noise components have been removed.At 8, the signal 7a is input, and the peak value of the rubbing vibration waveform that is included in the signal and will be described later. A wave height value calculator outputs a corresponding signal 8a as a rubbing signal, and 9 is an acoustic sensor 2, a waveguide 2a, a pulse generator 3, an amplifier 4, a filter 5, a detector 6, and a calculator 7.
and 8. Signal 7aVc
Since the included rubbing vibration waveform is the waveform obtained as described above, the peak value of the waveform has a characteristic that it is proportional to the intensity of the rubbing generated by the rotating machine IVc.

Since the rubbing detection s9 is configured as described above,
The signal waveforms of each part in the detection section are as shown in FIG. 2, for example. That is, in Figures 1 and 2, if the rotating machine IK rubbing phenomenon does not occur, the output signal 2b of the acoustic sensor will not consist of white noise, and as a result, the waveform of the amplifier output signal 4a will change. As shown in the figure, the output signal 7a of the arithmetic unit 7 has a substantially linear waveform that does not change over time. However, if rubbing occurs between the casing lb and the rotating body He at a location indicated by 100, for example, the rubbing vibration 100a passes through the rotating body 1e and the rotating shaft Ha in order, and then reaches the bearing metal I.
CK is reached, and this vibration is detected by sensor 2Vc.

Therefore, the amplifier output signal 4ahs has the waveform shown in the figure, in which the waveform of the rubbing vibration 100a is superimposed on the above-mentioned white noise, and the vibration 100ak! Since the pulse signal 3alC is generated synchronously, the waveform signal 7aV output by the calculator 7
c is the rubbing vibration 10 after the above-mentioned white noise is removed.
A triangular pulse-shaped rubbing vibration waveform P corresponding to 0aIC appears. It is clear that the peak value of the waveform P is proportional to the rubbing 4 intensity.

Again, please refer to Figure 1 for explanation. That is, in FIG. 1, ℃, IO is a vibration sensor attached to the bearing cover 1d with its vibration sensing part loa in contact with the rotation axis laK, and the sensor 10 is attached to the ℃ cover 1dic through a guarding mechanism, and sensor l.

is configured to detect vibrations of the rotating machine 1 through a portion of the rotating shaft Ha that the vibration sensing portion 10a comes into contact with, and to output an analog signal 10+ in accordance with the detection result. The signal tab is a signal indicating a vibration waveform according to the mode of vibration of the rotating machine I, and an amplifier 12 that amplifies the mechanic signal I1b.
is a converter which outputs a signal 12a corresponding to the amplitude of the output signal 11a of the amplifier at a ratio of L° C. to the vibration signal. That's C%
13 is a vibration detection section consisting of a mechanical vibration sensor IO, an amplifier 11, and a converter 12. Since the vibration detection section 13 is configured as described above, it can be said that it detects vibrations in the rotating machine IK and outputs the vibration signal 12a according to the detection result. 14 is rubbing signal 8
A and the vibration signal 12a are used to perform the calculation described later, and the signal corresponds to the result of this calculation.

14a.

Now, in the case of a one-rotation machine, as mentioned above, even if the magnitude of the rubbing vibration tooa exceeds a predetermined value, it is not always necessary to immediately change the rotation state of the rotating machine from the normal rotation speed to the low speed rotation speed. (There is no need to carry out this operation; it is necessary to determine whether or not the rotational state changing operation is necessary, taking into account the vibration state of the rotating machine 1 in addition to the magnitude of the rubbing vibration 100a.) The inventor has determined that vibration 100
If the magnitude of a and the magnitude of the vibration of the rotating machine 1 are both gradually increasing over time, there is a high possibility that the rubbing phenomenon will develop into a serious accident, so it is necessary to immediately perform the operation to change the rotational state described above. However, if one of the magnitudes of the two vibrations increases gradually over time and the other remains unchanged over time, it cannot necessarily be said that there is a risk that the rubbing phenomenon will develop into a serious accident. Therefore,
In this case, it is known from conventional experience that it is necessary to suspend execution of the rotational state changing operation and carefully monitor changes in both of the vibrations over time. In addition, the inventor
If the combination of changes over time in the magnitudes of both vibrations does not fall under any of the above cases, it is highly unlikely that a major accident will develop due to the rubbing phenomenon, so the rotating machine should be left in its normal rotation state. I also know from experience that it is okay to leave it alone.

For this reason, in FIG. 1, the arithmetic unit 14 is configured to perform the above-mentioned logical iJ disconnection based on the experience of the present inventor as described below, and output the signal 14a. , the output signal 14a serves to provide an appropriate operating guideline for the rotating machine 11C.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the calculation section 14. In the figure, 17
15 is a timing signal generator that outputs a timing signal 17a after every predetermined period of time T; 15 is always inputted with a rubbing signal 8a; and every time a timing signal 17a is inputted, calculation of equation (1) is performed for the signal 83. A first input section 16 outputs a binary signal 15a which becomes H level only when the calculation result Δ几 is positive. 16 is a constant vibration signal 12
a and the timing signal 17a are input, the second signal 16a performs the calculation of equation (2) on the signal 12aK and outputs the binary signal 16a which becomes H level only when the calculation result ΔV is positive. This is the human resources department. (11 formula and (2
几3 in the ceremony. V, are all signals 8a*12a at the beginning of time T, 几2. V2 is time T in both cases.
These are the signals 8ae12a at the end of the period.

R, −几2=Δ几・・・・・・(11v
1-■, = ΔV... Song (218 is signal 15
A and 1fia are input, and only when both human input signals are at the VcH level, a two-person AND circuit outputs a binary signal 18a that becomes I (level). 19 is a two-person AND circuit that outputs a binary signal 18a that becomes I (level), and 19 inputs the signal 15a as it is, and the signal 16a is a NOT circuit. 20 is a two-person AND circuit having the same function as the AND circuit 18, and 21 is a two-person AND circuit similar to the AND circuit 18, in which the signal t6a is input as is and the signal 15a is input through the NOT circuit. A two-person circuit with a function of 2°3
24 is an OR circuit to which the signal 18a and the output signal 23a of the OR circuit 23 are input. 25 is the output signal 2 of the OR circuit 24
4alf: A knot circuit that inverts and leads to the output terminal 262, and 261.2fi3 is the signal 18ae and 23a, respectively.
This is an output terminal that outputs . The arithmetic unit 14 is composed of the above-mentioned parts, and outputs the output signal 14a)' of the arithmetic unit mentioned above.
! This is a collection of signals output from the output terminals 2fi1 to 263, respectively.

Since the calculation unit 14 is configured as described above and has a temperature range of ℃, the signal t
When both sa and t6a are at the [■] level, that is, when the rubbing signal 8a and the vibration signal @XZa are both increasing over time, in other words, the rubbing vibration shown in FIG. When the magnitude of tooa and the magnitude of vibration of the rotating machine l are both gradually increasing, an H level signal 18a appears at the output terminal 2fil. Signals 25a and 23a at L level appear, respectively. Also signal 15a+
When one of lF1a is at H level and the other is at L level, that is, either the magnitude of the vibration 1ooa or the magnitude of the vibration of the rotating machine l is gradually increasing over time, and the other is When is in a state that does not change over time, a signal at terminal 2fi3VcH level appears.
Each signal level of the terminal 2f'i1.262 becomes L level. Then, when both the signals t5as and t6a are at the L level, that is, when neither the rubbing signal 8a nor the vibration signal 12a is increasing over time, only the signal level at the terminal 262 becomes 1 (level 1) and the terminal 2
The respective signal levels of 61°263 are all set to L level.

Therefore, it is clear from the above-mentioned experience of the inventor that the H level signal appearing at each of the terminals 261 to 263 provides an appropriate operating guideline for the rotating machine IVc.

In other words, 'C' in FIG. 1 indicates that the output signal 14a of the arithmetic unit indicates an accurate diagnostic result for the rubbing phenomenon occurring in the rotating machine IK, so the rotating machine 1 is operated based on the signal 14aK. In other words, even if rubbing occurs, the machine can be operated correctly, and as a result, the operational efficiency of the rotating machine will not be inadvertently reduced.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, part 1 of the present invention includes a vibration detection unit that detects vibrations in a rotating machine and outputs a vibration signal according to the detection result, and a vibration detection unit that detects vibrations caused by a rubbing phenomenon in the rotating machine. It is equipped with a rubbing detection section that detects and outputs a moving signal according to the detection result, and a calculation section that performs a predetermined calculation using the vibration signal and the rubbing signal. I started doing a rubbing diagnosis. As a result, with the configuration described in Meyo 5 above, the output signal of the calculation section indicates an accurate guideline for the operation of the rotating machine. Therefore, the operating efficiency of the rotary machine does not deteriorate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a waveform explanatory diagram of a main part in an at diagram, and FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram of a main part in FIG. l°°°°°°rotating machine, 3a...rubbing signal, 9...rubbing detection section, 12a...
...Vibration signal, 13...Vibration detection section, 14.
...Calculation section, tooa/song/rubbing paper 1
figure

Claims (1)

[Claims] a vibration detection unit that detects vibrations in a rotating machine and outputs a vibration signal according to the detection result; and a vibration detection unit that detects rubbing vibrations generated due to a rubbing phenomenon in the rotating machine and outputs a rubbing signal according to the detection result. a rubbing detection unit that outputs the vibration signal and a calculation unit that performs a predetermined calculation using the vibration signal and the rubbing signal, and diagnosing the rubbing state of the rotating machine based on the output signal of the calculation unit. Characteristic rubbing diagnostic equipment for rotating machinery.