JPS63230855A - High chrome heat resisting alloy - Google Patents
High chrome heat resisting alloyInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63230855A JPS63230855A JP6407287A JP6407287A JPS63230855A JP S63230855 A JPS63230855 A JP S63230855A JP 6407287 A JP6407287 A JP 6407287A JP 6407287 A JP6407287 A JP 6407287A JP S63230855 A JPS63230855 A JP S63230855A
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- content
- alloy
- heat resisting
- resisting alloy
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910016525 CuMo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、火力発電機や原子力発電機等の高温構造材
として使用される高クロム耐熱合金に関するものである
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] This invention relates to a high-chromium heat-resistant alloy used as a high-temperature structural material for thermal power generators, nuclear power generators, and the like.
エネルギーの利用効率の向上を１指して、例えば、火力
発電機用ボイラにおいて、蒸気の高温高圧化が図られて
いる。このためにボイラの過熱器管には高温強度の高い
材料が要求されている。In order to improve the efficiency of energy use, for example, in boilers for thermal power generators, efforts are being made to raise the temperature and pressure of steam. For this reason, materials with high high temperature strength are required for boiler superheater tubes.
従来、蒸気温度が５３８°Ｃのボイラにおいては、ＳＵ
ｓ ３０４Ｈ、８ＵＳ ３２１ＨオＪ：びＳＵＳ ３４
７ＨｖＩ４Ｉ４用すれているが、蒸気温度をさらに上昇
させる場合には、これら１８−８系オーステナイトステ
ンレス鋼では高温強度が不足する。Conventionally, in a boiler with a steam temperature of 538°C, SU
s 304H, 8US 321H OJ: and SUS 34
7HvI4I4, but when the steam temperature is further increased, these 18-8 series austenitic stainless steels lack high-temperature strength.
そこで、１８−８系オーステナイトステンレス鋼に強化
元素を添加して、高温強度の向上を図った合金、例えば
、１７−１４ ＣｕＭｏ鋼、Ｅｓ５ｈｅｔｅ １２５０
鋼および１２Ｒ７２鋼が提案されている。しかし、これ
らの合金は、クロム含有量が１６チ程度と低く、且つ、
Ｍｏ等の耐食性に有害な強度元素が添加されているため
に、耐高温腐食性に劣る。Therefore, alloys that improve high-temperature strength by adding reinforcing elements to 18-8 austenitic stainless steel, such as 17-14 CuMo steel and Es5hete 1250
Steel and 12R72 steel have been proposed. However, these alloys have a low chromium content of about 16%, and
Since strength elements such as Mo that are harmful to corrosion resistance are added, the high temperature corrosion resistance is poor.
このため、これらの合金を、Ｓ含有量の高い燃料を使用
するボイラの過熱器管として使用する場合には、過熱器
管の外面にクロマイズ処理を施すか、高クロム合金から
なる耐食材料をクラッドして、耐高温腐食性の不足分を
補う必要がある。しかし、表面処理を行なうとコスト高
となり、しかも、表面処理層の厚みは薄いために長時間
の使用に不安が残る。そして、高クロム合金からなる耐
食材料をクラッドする場合には、単管の場合の２倍程度
コスト高となる。Therefore, when these alloys are used as superheater tubes in boilers that use fuel with a high S content, the outer surface of the superheater tubes must be chromized or clad with a corrosion-resistant material made of a high chromium alloy. It is necessary to compensate for the lack of high temperature corrosion resistance. However, surface treatment increases costs, and since the surface treatment layer is thin, there are concerns about long-term use. If the tube is clad with a corrosion-resistant material made of a high chromium alloy, the cost will be about twice that of a single tube.
表面処理を行なわないで耐高温腐食性の向上を図ったも
のとして、ＮＣＦ３００Ｈがある。この合金は、耐高温
腐食性の面では問題はないが、高温強度が低く、このた
めに、ボイラ用過熱器管の肉厚が厚くなって蒸気の高圧
化に制約を受ける。There is NCF300H, which has improved high-temperature corrosion resistance without surface treatment. Although this alloy has no problems in terms of high temperature corrosion resistance, it has low high temperature strength, which increases the thickness of the boiler superheater tube and limits the ability to increase the pressure of steam.
従って、この発明の目的は、高い高温強度を有し且つ耐
高温腐食性に優れた高温構造材用高クロム耐熱合金を提
供することにある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-chromium heat-resistant alloy for high-temperature structural materials that has high high-temperature strength and excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance.
この発明は、
Ｃ：０．０１〜０．２０チ、
Ｓｉ：０．５チ以下、
Ｍｎ：０．５チ以下、
Ｎｉ＋Ｃｏ ： ３０〜５０１％、
Ｃｒ：１５〜ｚ５％未満、
Ｔｉ：０．０５〜０．５％、
ｕ：ｏ、ｏ５〜０．５％、
Ｎ：０．０４チ以下、および、
Ｂ：０．００８％以下
を含有し、さらに、上記化学成分に、
Ｍｏ：０．５〜３．０％、および、
Ｗ：０．５〜３．０％
（但し、Ｍｏ＋Ｗ ： ０．５〜３．０％）（以上重
量％）のうちの少なくとも１種を含有し、
残部鉄および不可避不純物
からなり、さらに必要に応じて、上記化学成分に０．０
０２〜ｏ、１ｏ％の範囲内のＺｒを含有することに特徴
を有するものである。This invention has the following properties: C: 0.01 to 0.20 inch, Si: 0.5 inch or less, Mn: 0.5 inch or less, Ni+Co: 30 to 501%, Cr: 15 to less than z5%, Ti: 0. 05 to 0.5%, u: o, o5 to 0.5%, N: 0.04% or less, and B: 0.008% or less, and further contains Mo: 0.08% or less in the above chemical components. 5 to 3.0%, and W: 0.5 to 3.0% (however, Mo+W: 0.5 to 3.0%) (the above weight %), the balance being iron. and unavoidable impurities, and if necessary, add 0.0% to the above chemical components.
It is characterized by containing Zr in the range of 0.02 to 10%.
この発明をさらに説明する。This invention will be further explained.
オーステナイト系の耐熱合金においては、次のことが知
られている。即ち、Ｏｒ、Ｓｉ含有量を増加させ、そし
て、Ｃ，Ｍｎ、 Ｔｉ、 Ｍｏ 等の含有量を極力減
少させることによって、耐高温腐食性が向上し、Ｃ，Ｎ
、Ｔｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｂ、Ｗ、Ｚｒ、Ｂ等を添加することに
よって、クリープ強度が高くなり、そして、Ｎ１以外の
元素は多くの場合、靭性を低下させる。Regarding austenitic heat-resistant alloys, the following is known. That is, by increasing the Or and Si contents and decreasing the contents of C, Mn, Ti, Mo, etc. as much as possible, the high temperature corrosion resistance is improved, and the C, N
, Ti, Mo, Nb, W, Zr, B, etc., increase creep strength, and elements other than N1 often reduce toughness.
このようなことから、この発明は、高温構造材に要求さ
れる性能を同時に満足する元素を組み合わせたものから
なっている。For this reason, the present invention combines elements that simultaneously satisfy the performance requirements of high-temperature structural materials.
次に、この発明において、化学成分を上述した範囲に限
定した理由について説明する。Next, the reason why the chemical components are limited to the above-mentioned range in this invention will be explained.
Ｃ：Ｃは脱酸を行なうために添加するが、Ｃ含有量がｏ
、ｏｘ％未満では所望の脱酸効果が得られない。一方、
Ｃ含有量が０，２０％を超えると加工性が悪くなる。従
って、この発明においては、Ｃ含有量を０．０］〜０．
２０％の範囲に限定した。C: C is added to perform deoxidation, but if the C content is o
, ox%, the desired deoxidizing effect cannot be obtained. on the other hand,
When the C content exceeds 0.20%, workability deteriorates. Therefore, in this invention, the C content is set to 0.0] to 0.0.
It was limited to a range of 20%.
Ｓｉ ： Ｓｉは脱酸剤として必要な元素であるが、そ
の含有量がｏ、５％を超えると靭性が劣化する。Si: Si is an element necessary as a deoxidizing agent, but if its content exceeds 5%, toughness deteriorates.
従って、この発明においては、Ｓ１含有量を０．５％以
下に限定した。Therefore, in this invention, the S1 content is limited to 0.5% or less.
Ｍｎ ： ＭｎはＳｌと同様に脱酸剤として有効な元素
であるが、Ｍｎ含有量が０．５チを超えると高温強度が
低下する。従って、この発明においては、Ｍｎ含有量を
０．５チ以下に限定した。Mn: Like Sl, Mn is an effective element as a deoxidizing agent, but if the Mn content exceeds 0.5%, high temperature strength decreases. Therefore, in this invention, the Mn content is limited to 0.5 or less.
Ｎｉ ： Ｎｉは高クロム合金のオーステナイト組織を
安定化させる作用を有するが、その含有量が３０チ未満
では上記作用に所望の効果が得られない。Ni: Ni has the effect of stabilizing the austenite structure of a high chromium alloy, but if its content is less than 30 Ti, the desired effect cannot be obtained.
一方、５０チを超えて含有させると経済性を損う。On the other hand, if the content exceeds 50, the economic efficiency will be impaired.
なお、ＣＯは必須元素ではないが、原料から０．５％程
度混入することは避けられない。ＣｏはＮ１と同じ作用
を有する。従って、この発明においては、Ｎｉ ＋ Ｃ
ｏ の含有量を３０〜５０％の範囲に限定した。Although CO is not an essential element, it is unavoidable that about 0.5% of CO is mixed in from the raw materials. Co has the same effect as N1. Therefore, in this invention, Ni + C
The content of o was limited to a range of 30 to 50%.
Ｃｒ ： Ｃｒは耐酸化性を付与する作用を有するが、
その含有量が１５チ未満では上記作用に所望の効果、が
得られない。一方、２５チ以上喬４含有させるとＮ１含
有量も高めなければならず、経済的に不利となる。従っ
て、この発明においては、Ｃｒ含有量を１５〜２５チ未
情の範囲に限定した。Cr: Cr has the effect of imparting oxidation resistance, but
If the content is less than 15 inches, the desired effect cannot be obtained in the above action. On the other hand, if the N1 content is 25 or more, the N1 content must also be increased, which is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, in this invention, the Cr content is limited to a range of 15 to 25 inches.
Ｍｏ ： Ｍｏは高クロム合金の高温強度を高める作用
を有するが、その含有量が０．５％未満では上記作用に
所望の効果が得られない。一方、３．０％を超えて含有
させると耐食性が劣化する。従って、この発明において
は、ＭＯ含有量を０．５〜３．０チの範囲内に限定した
。なお、ＷはＭＯと同一の作用を有するので、ＭＯの一
部または全部を同１のＷと置換しても良い。Mo: Mo has the effect of increasing the high-temperature strength of the high-chromium alloy, but if its content is less than 0.5%, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 3.0%, corrosion resistance will deteriorate. Therefore, in this invention, the MO content is limited within the range of 0.5 to 3.0 inches. Note that since W has the same effect as MO, part or all of MO may be replaced with the same W.
Ｔｉ ： Ｔｉを０．０５％以上含有させると高クロム
合金の高温強度を高めることができるが、０．５％を超
えて含有させると靭性が著しく劣化する。従って、この
発明においては、Ｔ１含有量を０．０５〜０．５チの範
囲に限定した。Ti: If Ti is contained in an amount of 0.05% or more, the high-temperature strength of the high chromium alloy can be increased, but if it is contained in an amount exceeding 0.5%, the toughness will be significantly degraded. Therefore, in this invention, the T1 content is limited to a range of 0.05 to 0.5 inches.
Ｍ：Ａｌは熱間加工性を改善する作用を有するが、その
含有量が０．０５％未満では上記作用に所望の効果が得
られない。一方、０．５％を超えて含有させると、ｒ′
相の析出要因となり、且つ、ＡＥ２０．系の介在物が増
加して加工時の疵の原因となる。従って、この発明にお
いては、Ｍ含有量を０．０５〜０゜５％の範囲に限定し
た。M:Al has the effect of improving hot workability, but if its content is less than 0.05%, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.5%, r'
It becomes a factor of phase precipitation, and has an AE of 20. Inclusions in the system increase and cause defects during processing. Therefore, in this invention, the M content is limited to a range of 0.05 to 0.5%.
Ｎ：Ｎは高温強度を改善する作用を有するが、その含有
量が０．０４％を超えると、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒによる高温強度
の改善効果が損われる。従って、この発明においては、
Ｎ含有量を０．０４％以下に限定した。N: N has the effect of improving high temperature strength, but if its content exceeds 0.04%, the effect of improving high temperature strength due to Ti and Zr is impaired. Therefore, in this invention,
The N content was limited to 0.04% or less.
Ｂ：Ｂは熱間加工性を改善し且つ高温強度を向上させる
作用を有するが、Ｑ、００８％を超えて含有させると溶
接性が低下する。従って、この発明においては、Ｂ含有
量をｏ、ｏｏｓ％以下に限定した。B: B has the effect of improving hot workability and high-temperature strength, but if it is contained in an amount exceeding Q.008%, weldability decreases. Therefore, in this invention, the B content is limited to 0.00% or less.
以上は、この発明の必須化学成分の限定理由であるが、
この発明は、上記必須化学成分にさらに必要に応じて、
０．００２〜０．１０％の範囲のＺｒを含有させても良
い。これは、次の理由による。即ち、Ｚｒは熱間加工性
を改善し且つ高温強度を向上させる作用を有するが、そ
の含有量が０．□ｏｚ％未満では上記作用に所望の効果
が得られない。一方、ｏ、１ｏｃ４を超えて含有させる
と溶接性が劣化する。The above is the reason for limiting the essential chemical components of this invention,
In addition to the above-mentioned essential chemical components, the present invention further comprises:
Zr may be contained in a range of 0.002 to 0.10%. This is due to the following reason. That is, Zr has the effect of improving hot workability and high-temperature strength, but when its content is 0. If the amount is less than □oz%, the desired effect cannot be obtained in the above action. On the other hand, if the content exceeds o, 1oc4, weldability deteriorates.
次に、この発明を実施例によってさらに説明する。 Next, this invention will be further explained by examples.
第１表に示される化学成分からなる５ｏｘｙのインゴッ
トに熱延処理を施した後、１１８０℃で固溶化処理を施
こし、このようにして得た合金材から試験片を切り出し
、この試験片をクリープ試験および時効後のシャルピー
試験に供した。なお、クリープ試験は、試験片を７５０
°Ｃ（二加熱して１５Ｋｙ／−の張力を付与して行ない
、時効後のシャルピー試験は、試験片に７００℃、１０
０時間の条件で時効処理を施こした後、０℃、２ｍｓ＋
のＶノツチで行なった。After hot-rolling a 5oxy ingot having the chemical components shown in Table 1, it was subjected to solution treatment at 1180°C, and a test piece was cut out from the alloy material thus obtained. It was subjected to a creep test and a Charpy test after aging. In addition, in the creep test, the test piece was
°C (double heating and applying a tension of 15Ky/-, Charpy test after aging is performed on the test piece at 700 °C, 10
After aging for 0 hours, 0℃, 2ms+
This was done with the V-notch.
第１表に示した、本発明合金Ａ−Ｎ、および、比較合金
０〜３のシャルピー試験（−よる吸収エネルギーおよび
クリープ試験による破断時間の結果を同じく第１表に示
し、そして、これらの間の関係を第１図に示す。Table 1 also shows the results of Charpy test (-) absorbed energy and creep test rupture time of the present invention alloys A-N and comparative alloys 0 to 3 shown in Table 1. The relationship is shown in Figure 1.
第１表および第１図から明らかなように、不発ＩＪｌ金
Ａ−Ｎは、シャルピー試験による吸収エネルギーおよび
クリープ試験；＝よる破断時間ともに、比較合金０〜３
に比べて優れている。即ち、比較合金ｐ、Ｑ、Ｒ，Ｓ、
Ｔ、Ｖ、Ｗ、Ｙ、Ｚ、ｌおよび２．特に、比較合金Ｐ、
Ｑ、Ｒ，Ｖ、ＷおよびＹは、本発明合金より７ヤルピー
試験による吸収エネルギーに関して優れているが、クリ
ープ試験による破断時間が本発明合金に比べて短かい。As is clear from Table 1 and FIG.
is better than. That is, comparative alloys p, Q, R, S,
T, V, W, Y, Z, l and 2. In particular, comparative alloy P,
Q, R, V, W, and Y are superior to the invention alloy in terms of absorbed energy in the 7 Yalpy test, but their rupture times in the creep test are shorter than the invention alloy.
そして、比較合金Ｏ，Ｚ、ＸおよびＵ、特に比較合余り
は、本発明合金に比べてクリープ試験による破断時間が
著しく長いが、シャルピー試験による吸収エネルギーが
本発明合金に比べて大幅に少ない。Comparative alloys O, Z, X, and U, especially the comparative alloys, have significantly longer rupture times in the creep test than the alloys of the present invention, but their absorbed energy in the Charpy test is significantly lower than that of the alloys of the present invention.
以上説明したように、この発明によれば、高い高温強度
を有し且つ耐高温腐食性に優れた高クロム耐熱合金を得
ることができるといったきわめて有用な効果がもたらさ
れる。As explained above, the present invention brings about extremely useful effects such as being able to obtain a high-chromium heat-resistant alloy that has high high-temperature strength and excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance.
第１図は、シャルピー試験による吸収エネルギーとクリ
ープ試験による破断時間との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between absorbed energy by Charpy test and rupture time by creep test.
Claims (2)
のうちの少なくとも１種を含有し、 残部鉄および不可避不純物 からなることを特徴とする高クロム耐熱合金。(1) C: 0.01 to 0.20%, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.5% or less, Ni+Co: 30 to 50%, Cr: 15 to less than 25%, Ti: 0.05 ~0.5%, Al: 0.05~0.5%, N: 0.04% or less, and B: 0.008% or less, and further contains Mo: 0.5~0.5% in the above chemical components. 3.0%, and W: 0.5 to 3.0% (However, Mo+W: 0.5 to 3.0%) (More than % by weight)
A high chromium heat-resistant alloy containing at least one of the following, with the remainder consisting of iron and inevitable impurities.
のうちの少なくとも１種を含有し、 残部鉄および不可避不純物 からなることを特徴とする高クロム耐熱合金。(2) C: 0.01 to 0.20%, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.5% or less, Ni+Co: 30 to 50%, Cr: 15 to less than 25%, Ti: 0.05 -0.5%, Al: 0.05-0.5%, N: 0.04% or less, Zr: 0.002-0.10%, and B: 0.008% or less, and further contains , Mo: 0.5 to 3.0%, and W: 0.5 to 3.0% (however, Mo+W: 0.5 to 3.0%) (the above weight %) to the above chemical components.
A high chromium heat-resistant alloy containing at least one of the following, with the remainder consisting of iron and inevitable impurities.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6407287A JPS63230855A (en) | 1987-03-20 | 1987-03-20 | High chrome heat resisting alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6407287A JPS63230855A (en) | 1987-03-20 | 1987-03-20 | High chrome heat resisting alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63230855A true JPS63230855A (en) | 1988-09-27 |
Family
ID=13247521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6407287A Pending JPS63230855A (en) | 1987-03-20 | 1987-03-20 | High chrome heat resisting alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63230855A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06137526A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Reduction heating burner as open fire for band steel |
| KR100871654B1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-12-02 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | Fe based alloy having corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance |
| CN107433382A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-12-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Cobalt-based resurfacing welding material and the top restorative procedure based on the material |
-
1987
- 1987-03-20 JP JP6407287A patent/JPS63230855A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06137526A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Reduction heating burner as open fire for band steel |
| KR100871654B1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-12-02 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | Fe based alloy having corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance |
| CN107433382A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-12-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Cobalt-based resurfacing welding material and the top restorative procedure based on the material |
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