JPS63217098A - Method and device for constructing underground shell body - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (A) Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a method and apparatus for constructing an outer shell in a tunnel body, typically a tunnel or a sewer.

(Existence) Conventional technology 1 - As a typical conventional construction method for constructing a tunnel body,
-The Rude method and the propulsion method are well known.

The shield construction method is often applied to the construction of relatively artificial diameter tunnel bodies such as train tunnels, and the construction method's elemental components include a cylindrical excavator, a segment that lines the excavation trace of the excavator, and a segment. A shovel, etc. is used as a propulsion platform to advance the excavator. In the propulsion method, there are 9
The construction method includes a jack, etc., which is placed at 9 places to push the propulsion pipe into the ground, and is often applied to the construction of relatively small diameter tunnel bodies. In this case as well, the propulsion blade is often configured with a mechanical blade similar to that of an excavator in the shield method.

In any case, in the conventional construction method, the entire section of the tunnel body is excavated and moved forward while removing the earth, and by arranging an outer shell such as segments and humid pipes in the excavation trace, the shape of the excavated hole is shaped to counteract the ground pressure. maintain.

(c) Problems to be solved by the invention As mentioned above, in the conventional construction method, the tunnel advances forward while excavating the entire cross section of the tunnel body.This causes ground deformation such as subsidence at the bulge of the face and the 71ζ side. It is easy to cause deformation of passages and buildings built on the ground surface, or adjacent collapsed structures underground.

A series of works such as excavation, υ1 soil, jack propulsion, and segment construction are concentrated near the face, where the risk is the highest, making it difficult to ensure work safety. In particular, under adverse conditions where the ground lacks self-sustainability, construction costs are high to ensure safety, such as the use of ground improvement methods and the need for excavators with special functions and structures. Easy to see.

In addition, because the tunnel body is grown forward by intermittently repeating different operations such as full-section excavation, soil removal, advancement of the excavator, and construction of the lining structure, there is no continuity in the operations and losses are likely to occur. . For this reason, there is a limit to the excavation speed Iσ, and the construction period tends to be long. Furthermore, since the whole section is excavated, the amount of earth removed per unit excavation distance is large, requiring earth removal equipment with a large processing capacity, and the labor required for earth removal is also large, which tends to increase the earth removal cost as a whole.

This invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to prevent ground deformation due to excavation and to build an underground shell without causing deformation to other structures or the ground. The main purpose is

Another object of this invention is to dramatically improve the safety of work during tunnel construction by allowing the shell to self-propagate underground and form without manual labor inside the tunnel. The aim is to significantly reduce human costs and human protection costs.

A primary object of the present invention is to shorten the construction period of the outer shell by allowing the outer shell to be formed in advance in the ground in a self-propagating manner.

Another object of the present invention is to streamline the work of removing the earth and sand that occupies the main part of the cross section of the tunnel body by excavating and removing the earth and sand that remains stuck inside the shell after the outer shell is completed. The goal is to do it well and safely.

Another object of the present invention is to enable the cross-sectional shape of the outer shell to be formed into an arbitrary shape such as a circle, a rectangle, a polygon, an arch shape, or the like.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an outer shell that can be formed around an existing tunnel body so that it can be updated and expanded even when the tunnel body is still installed.

Another object of the present invention is to reliably prevent the formation of tail voids between the outer shell and the ground.

(d) Means for solving the problem In this invention, only a portion of the earth corresponding to the space occupied by the outer shell is excavated with an excavator, and this excavation trace is filled with lining material such as concrete. The most distinctive feature of this species is that it continuously forms its shell under the ground in a self-propagating manner. In other words, in the conventional construction method, the outer shell was constructed while securing a space equal to the entire cross section of the tunnel body, whereas in the present invention, only the space corresponding to the cross section of the flesh wall of the outer shell is created. and build an outer shell.

Specifically, an excavation machine is used to advance underground to form a cavity for filling the lining material at the rear of the excavation machine, which has a cross-sectional shape that is substantially the same as the wall of the outer shell. The first invention is characterized in that the outer shell is continuously formed in the ground by filling the lining material into the void.

In the second invention, there is provided a fuselage body having double inner and outer skin plates and having substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the flesh wall of the outer shell, an acid chamber formed between both skin plates, and a front part of the acid chamber. an excavation means forming a face having substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the cross-sectional shape of the flesh wall; a propulsion jack disposed at the rear of the acid chamber to apply forward force to the fuselage; A device for constructing an underground shell body is constituted by a means for filling the lining material filling void portion to be formed.

In the third invention, an excavation machine is used to advance underground, and an external h2
A cavity for filling the lining material with substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the flesh wall of the body is formed at the front and rear of the excavation, and a mold pipe is placed in the cavity for filling the lining material in such a manner that it penetrates the cavity with rTJ speed. Concrete is poured into the ground, the outer shell is continuously formed underground, and the traces of the molded pipe are continuously formed within the wall to form a passage communicating with the shaft (from J). Build an underground shell.

By the way, the fact that the fuselage and the voids for filling the lining material have substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the flesh wall of the outer shell means that the unevenness and bulges on the surface of the constructed outer shell are ignored. This means that the shape almost matches the shape based on the inner wall cross-sectional shape, so it does not necessarily mean that the shape matches absolutely.

(E) First Embodiment Figures 1 to 11 show a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the construction of a sewer system.

In FIG. 2, the construction system consists of an excavation Ia2 that excavates underground using the shaft 1 as a starting point, and above-ground equipment installed near or inside the shaft 1. The above-ground equipment includes a power source generator 3, Concrete 1 to 4 for lining construction
Concrete 1 to pumping management equipment 5 for pumping concrete, soil removal processing equipment 6, excavator central control management equipment 7, etc. will be installed.

The excavator 2 moves forward while excavating underground in a ring shape, forms a void 9 for filling lining material behind it, fills the void 9 for filling lining material with concrete 4, and then excavates again. It moves forward to form a cavity 9 for filling the lining material. That is, by intermittently repeating the advance of excavation and the filling of concrete, the outer shell 10 constituting the outer shell of the tunnel body is continuously formed in a self-propagating manner in the ground. The excavator 2 excavates while forming a face 11 having substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the wall of the outer shell 10, and advances while leaving the earth and sand portion 52 surrounded by the outer shell 10. Physical communication between the excavator 2 and ground equipment, such as driving the excavator 2, discharging excavated soil, and supplying concrete 4 for filling, is carried out through a passage 12 formed in the wall of the outer shell 10 (see Fig. 1). ). The detailed structure of the excavator 2 will be explained below.

As shown in FIG. 1, the excavator 2 has an outer shell 10 whose basic structure is skin plates 15 and 16 arranged double inside and outside.
An acid chamber 18 is formed between the plates 15 and 16, and a partition wall 19 connects the excavation chamber 20 in the front and the excavation chamber 20 in the rear. It is divided into a jacking chamber 21, an excavating means 22 is arranged in the excavating chamber 20, and a propulsion jack 23 is arranged in the jacking chamber 21.

3 and 5, the excavation means 22 is the excavation chamber 2.
A group of excavating bits 25 disposed in the front end opening of 0, a group of hydraulic motors 26 that drive the excavating bits 25, and a chain transmission mechanism 27 that interlocks and drives three excavating bits 25 as a set.
Consists of etc. As shown in FIG. 5, the hydraulic motor 26 is fixed to the bulkhead 19, and has a drilling bit 25 attached to its output shaft.
These excavation pits 1 to 25 are connected to and protrude forward, and these excavation pits 1 to 25 and circumferentially adjacent excavation pits 1 to 25.25 are interlocked and connected by a chain transmission mechanism 27. The space between the drilling bit 25 and the chain transmission groove 27 is partitioned by a bulkhead 28 in order to maintain face earth pressure and face mud water pressure. Bulkhead 19 for supplying muddy or fresh water to the face.
The mud feeding pipe 29 passes through the bulkhead 28 in the front and rear directions.
A sludge drain pipe 30 is similarly provided. As shown in FIG. 3, the mud feeding pipe 29 is arranged at the upper center of the excavation chamber 20, and the mud draining pipe 30 is arranged at the lower center of the excavation chamber 20.

The propulsion jack 23 is configured as a hydraulic jack 35
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, two rods are arranged as one piece at eight locations in the circumferential direction of the jacking chamber 21, the tip end of each rod is fixed to the partition wall 19, and the end on the cylinder side is fixed to the press partition. Board 3
It is fixed at 2. The press diaphragm 32 is in close contact with both the inner and outer skin plates 15 and 16, and divides the jack chamber 21 into multiple front sections, and when the propulsion jack 23 expands and contracts, it moves forward and backward in the jack chamber 21 along with the cylinder. Moving.

Press bulkhead 3? Rod pipes 33 that form passages 12 in the flesh wall of the outer shell 10 are installed at eight locations between the jack installation locations.
There's C. As shown in FIG. 8, the rod tube 33 is formed of a steel tube longer than the longitudinal movement stroke L of the press diaphragm 32. It is rotatably supported by a bearing 34 fixed to 32. By positioning this rod tube 33 in the space 39 behind the press diaphragm and pouring -C concrete 4, the space occupied by the rod tube 33 is left as a passage 12.

After pouring into the concrete 1, it is necessary to remove the rod pipe 33 along with the press partition plate 32, and a rotating mechanism 35 is provided to facilitate this removal.

The rotation mechanism 35 includes a hydraulic motor 36 fixed to the press partition plate 32 via a bracket, a drive gear 37 fixed to the output shaft of this motor 36, and a driven gear 38 fixed to the front end of the rod pipe 33. and rotates the rod tube 33 ()
to separate the rod pipe 33 from the concrete 4.

A hydraulic hose 40, a mud feeding hose 41, a mud removing hose 42, a concrete pipe 43, a control electric cable, and the like are introduced into the interchamber 1B via the passage 12 and the rod pipe 33.

The hoses are arranged in a dispersed manner as shown in FIG. Concrete pipe 43 is installed in the lower half of the separate room 18 (hydraulic hoses 40 are installed here).The hydraulic motor 26 of the excavation means 22, the propulsion jack 23, and the rotary machine @
Thirty-five hydraulic motors 36 are each connected to the ground power source light generation neck 3 via hydraulic hoses 40, and can be rotated individually according to the number of cores. The mud feeding hose 41 is connected to the mud feeding pipe 29, and the mud removing hose 42 is connected to the mud removing pipe 30.

In addition, in FIGS. 5, 6, and 9, the hydraulic hose 4
0. For convenience of explanation, the concrete vibrator 43 and its opening are drawn at the position of the mold clamping annular protrusion 31 of the press partition plate 32, but in reality, they are located at the annular protrusion 31 as shown in FIG. It is arranged at a desired position in the circumferential direction of the press partition plate 32 where no.

In FIG. 8, a concrete pipe 43 is bent into a U-shape inside the jacking chamber 21, and its open end is fixed with a holder 44 so as to face a filling port 45 which is connected to the press diaphragm 32. Although not shown, the concrete vibrator 43 is held in position by suitable fixing means so as not to be able to move back and forth. A mechanism 4 for opening and closing the filling port 45
7 is attached to the press spacing 32. The gate mechanism 47 includes a gate plate 4B that moves back and forth to open and close the filling port 45;
It consists of a hydraulic cylinder 49 that switches and operates the gate plate 48, and an opening 50 that communicates the concrete vibe 43 and the filling port 45 is communicated through the gate tentan 48. When the gate plate 48 is moved in the direction of the arrow from the illustrated state, the gate plate 48 closes the opening of the concrete vibe 43 and the filling port 45 at the same time.

(l\>Operation Description 1~ The operation of the excavator 2 will be explained along with the tunnel construction procedure.

After removing the retaining wall of the shaft 1 in a ring shape to match the cross-sectional shape of the excavator 2, and positioning the front part of the excavator 2 in the ground,
Using the initial reaction force installed in the shaft 1 as a propulsion base, the excavator 2 is moved before excavation, and the void 9 for filling lining material formed at the rear of the excavator 2 is filled with concrete 4.

In FIG. 1, the propulsion jack 23 is extended and pressed to push the press partition plate 32 against the outer shell 10. By rotationally driving the excavator 25, the excavator 2 forms a lining material filling cavity 9 having substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the wall of the outer shell 10 in the soil.

With the extension stroke of the propulsion jack 23 reaching its maximum value, the driving of the excavation bit 25 is temporarily stopped, the propulsion jack 23 is operated in the contraction direction, and the pump nozzle partition plate 32 is drawn forward.

FIG. 9 shows a state in which the press diaphragm 32 has moved forward. By moving the press diaphragm 32, a press diaphragm rear gap 39 is formed between the rear surface and the existing outer shell 10.

In this state, as shown in FIG. 8, the goo l-mechanism 47 is opened and the concrete 4 is pumped from the concrete 1/pumping management equipment 5 into the space 39 of the press diaphragm via the concrete vibrator 43. Pour into. With the void 39 filled with concrete 4, the gate mechanism 47 is closed to close the filling port 45. After that, as shown in Fig. 10, operate the propulsion jack 23 in the extension direction to remove the uncured concrete.
Apply forward force to the aircraft 17 using 1 to 4 as propulsion bases! 〕death,
At the same time, the excavation pit 1-25 is rotationally driven to move forward with excavation.

When the machine body 17 moves forward to go to concrete filling 1, the unhardened concrete 1 and 4 are pressurized by the press partition plate 32 due to the reaction force of the propulsion. This pressing force causes the concrete 4 to spread to every corner of the gap created by the advancement of the inner and outer skin plates 15, 16 and the rear gap 39 of the press diaphragm. Therefore, the outer shell 10 is formed in close contact with the ground, and tail voids do not occur.

In this way, the material filling cavity 9 in this specification includes not only the press partition rear cavity 39 but also the cavity created by the advancement of the inner and outer skin plates 15 and 16, and in short, This refers to the sum of the voids created by the advance of the excavation of the two, and this has substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the wall of the outer shell 10.

Thereafter, the cylindrical outer shell 10 can be continuously formed in the ground by repeating the excavation advance and concrete pouring alternately.

As shown in FIG. 11, in parallel with the advance of excavation by the excavator 2, the remaining earth and sand 528 clogged in the outer shell 10 is removed, and the outer shell 1
The tunnel body is completed by forming a secondary lining body 53 on the inner surface of the tunnel body 0 as necessary. If a secondary lining is not required, the outer shell 10 after earth removal becomes the completed tunnel body itself.

Remaining earth and sand 52 can be continuously removed inside the outer shell 10 against earth pressure. Therefore, earth removal work can be carried out safely and efficiently without worrying about the ground collapsing or the like. In addition, it is possible to track the excavator 2 and perform earth removal work and secondary lining work simultaneously with the excavation work.
Construction period can be shortened.

(G) Second Embodiment FIGS. 12 and 13 show a second embodiment of the excavator 2. In this case, the excavating means 22 is connected to the skin plate 15.
．． 16, a group of digging blades 56 arranged at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction of the plate frame 55, and a ring gear 57 provided at the rear end of the blade frame 55. This embodiment differs from the previous embodiment in that it includes a hydraulic motor 26 that rotationally drives the blade frame 55.

The blade frame 55 is rotatably supported by a bulkhead 2B having double partition walls in the front and rear directions.

The hydraulic motor 26 is connected to the ring gear 5 as shown in FIG.
They are arranged at four locations in the circumferential direction of 7.

(H) Third embodiment FIG. 14 shows a third embodiment of the excavator 2.

This shows the case where the outer shell body 10 is constructed around the existing tunnel body 59. The tunnel tunneling machine 2 has the following features: the diameter of the inner skin plate 15 is set slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tunnel body 59 already installed; It has the same fS structure as the excavator 2 described in the first embodiment, except that an annular seal body 60, 61 circumscribing the excavator 2 is provided.

In this way, in the excavator 2 of the present invention, the existing tunnel body 5
9 remains in place, and a new outer shell 1 is placed around it.
Since the outer shell 10 can be constructed in a short period of time when renewing or expanding an aging l-channel body, the outer shell 10 can be constructed in a short period of time.

(S) Modified Embodiments FIGS. 15 to 17 each show a modified embodiment of the excavator 2 described in the first embodiment.

The excavator 2 shown in FIG.
It is applied to the construction of public ditches for laying communication cables, etc., and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge is formed into the same flat hexagonal shape as the cross-sectional shape of the common seedlings. In this case, as described in the first embodiment, by performing excavation with a group of excavation bits 25, it is possible to easily excavate the flat hexagonal lining material filling cavity 9. In this case, each drilling bit 25 is individually driven to rotate by a hydraulic motor 26. Alternatively, it may be driven group by group via the chain transmission mechanism 27 as in the first embodiment.

As can be understood from this embodiment, the shape of the cutting edge can be formed into a W shape or a polygonal shape, and does not necessarily have to be circular.

Further, the shape of the cutting edge does not necessarily have to be an endless annular shape, but may be formed into a portal shape as shown in FIG. 16 or an arch shape as shown in FIG. 17.

(v) Detailed description of the invention As described above, in this invention, only the portion necessary for occupying the outer body [O] underground is excavated by the excavator 2 to form a cavity for filling the lining material, This cavity for filling the lining material is filled with lining material such as concrete to form the outer shell 10 continuously in the ground, so there is no need to create two cavities in the ground.
0 can be constructed. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the fluctuation of the ground caused by excavation, to build the shell 10 underground without causing deformation to other lit structures or other mountains, and to maintain the independence of the ground. The outer shell 10 can be constructed without requiring any auxiliary construction methods such as soil improvement regardless of whether or not the structure is suitable.

By alternately repeating the forward excavation of the excavator 2 and the filling of the lining material, the outer shell 10 can be continuously formed underground in a self-propagating manner, so the outer shell 10 can be constructed. This eliminates the need for any underground work, making it possible to achieve unmanned operation. This makes it possible to dramatically improve the safety of work during tunnel construction, and to significantly reduce human costs and human protection costs.

Since the outer shell 10 is constructed by removing only the earth and sand from the portions necessary for constructing the outer shell 10, the construction period required for constructing the outer shell 1O can of course be significantly shortened. ν,
After the outer shell 10 is completed, the earth and sand stuck inside it can be continuously and safely and efficiently evacuated under the protection of the outer shell 10. Therefore, the construction of the outer shell 10 The construction period for the tunnel body, from the process to its internal finishing, can be significantly shortened.

After the excavation machine 2 has advanced in excavation, the excavation machine 2 is advanced in excavation using the unhardened concrete 4 as a propulsion base, so that the concretes 1 to 4 are spread to every corner of the cavity 9 for filling the lining material to fill the cavity. The outer shell body 10 can be brought into close contact with the ground, and tail voids can be wiped out. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the need for backfilling and prevent ground movement.

If an annular tunnel excavator 2 is used, a new outer shell 10 can be formed around an existing tunnel body with a circular cross section while it is being laid, so it is possible to renew or expand an aging existing tunnel body. In this case, the outer shell 10 can be formed and updated in a short period of time.

- Excavation means 22 with Y-shaped excavation bits 25 arranged at the cutting edge.
The shape of the cutting edge can be freely set to a rectangular or polygonal shape other than an annular shape, or a portal or arch shape, etc., so that the outer shell body can be streamlined to match the final finished shape of the tunnel body. This is advantageous in that the outer shell 10 can be constructed with an arbitrary cross-sectional shape depending on the use of the tunnel body.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 11 show a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view when using an excavator, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view showing an overview of the outer membrane construction system, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional front view of the excavator, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional front view mainly showing the arrangement of the hose section H inside the excavator, and Figures 5, 6, and 7 are A-A in Figure 3, respectively. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the main parts showing the concrete pipe and its surrounding structure, and Figures 9 and 10 are respectively showing different operating states of the excavator. FIG. 11 is a vertical side view showing the outline of the work after the adventitial body is completed. 12 and 13 show a second embodiment of the present invention, with FIG. 12 being a cross-sectional front view of the excavator, and FIG. 13 being a sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 12. FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15, FIG. 16, and FIG. 17 are cross-sectional front views showing modified examples of the shape of the cutting edge of the excavator in the first embodiment, respectively. 1.......vertical shaft, 2.......excavation machine, 4........concrete, 9........
...Void for filling lining material, 10...
Outer shell body, 11...Face surface, 12...
・・・・・・Passage, 15・・・・・・Inner skin plate, 16・・・・・・Outer skin plate,
17・・・・・・・・・Aircraft, 18・・・・・・・・・
Chamber, 22... Excavation means, 23...
・・・・・・Propulsion jack, 33・・・・・・・・・Pole tube.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) Excavate underground with an excavator to form a cavity for filling the lining material at the rear of the excavator and having a cross-sectional shape substantially the same as the wall of the outer shell; A method of constructing an underground shell in which the shell is continuously formed underground by filling the lining material in the part. (2) A fuselage having double inner and outer skin plates and having substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the inner wall of the outer shell, a cabin formed between both skin plates, and the flesh wall at the front of the cabin. an excavation means that forms a face having substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the cross-sectional shape of the aircraft; a propulsion jack that is placed at the rear of the aircraft cabin to apply forward force to the aircraft; and a cover that is formed at the rear of the aircraft as the aircraft moves forward with excavation. An apparatus for constructing an underground shell body, comprising means for filling a lining material into a cavity for filling the construction material. (3) Excavating underground with an excavator, and forming a cavity for filling the lining material at the rear of the excavator with substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the flesh wall of the outer shell; Place a mold pipe in such a way that it penetrates the void back and forth, and pour concrete.
A method for constructing an underground shell body, in which a shell body is continuously formed underground, and a passageway communicating with a shaft is formed by continuously forming a mold pipe hole in the wall of the shell body.