JPS6320988B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to electronic locking devices, and more particularly to electronic locking devices operated by keys having electrical or optical codes.

Currently, the most commonly used locking devices on the market are mechanical, which can be opened by criminals. Also, the biggest drawback of the mechanical locking device was that the internal code number could not be changed.

Recently, electronic locking devices that use a solenoid or an electric motor to drive a bolt mechanism have appeared on the market. However, these mechanisms have in common the drawback of unreliability in the mechanical drive of the locking device, thus hindering their wide effectiveness. These devices also use solenoids or motors to directly drive the bolts, and therefore require significant amounts of electrical power. This drawback is an obstacle to designing a battery-operated unit with an integrated electronic locking device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic locking device that solves the problem of electromechanical connections between the electrical and mechanical components of the locking device.

Briefly speaking regarding the present invention, the above objectives are:
This is achieved by an electronic locking device having means for detecting the key code, which may be optical, magnetic or other electrical means. The detected key code is compared to a code stored within the electronic locking device. The result of the comparison and the control command on the key actuate the bolt mechanism of the electronic locking device and also change the code stored within the electronic locking device to the new code. At this time, changing the code and driving the bolt mechanism can be performed with the simplest configuration and operation, in which the two key codes on the keys and the internally stored code are sequentially compared using one comparison circuit. It is an object.

The electronic locking device of the present invention has an electromechanical connection between the bolt and the electrical circuit, which provides very high reliability of operation. The present electronic locking device can be operated from a battery since electrical power is used only to actuate the clutch and not to drive the bolt mechanism.
Therefore, this electronic locking device does not consume power rapidly and can operate for a long period of time without battery replacement or charging. As a result, the electronic locking device of the present invention can be an independent battery operated device.

Another object of the present invention is to ensure that key operation occurs only when the key is removed from the electronic locking device. This eliminates the problem that could arise if the operator forgets to remove the key from the electronic locking device. Therefore, the keys cannot be used by unauthorized persons.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide the electronic locking device with multiple access levels, such as master keys, floor keys, customer keys, backup keys, etc. This can be achieved simply by associating the key with a specific control code.

Yet another object of the present invention is to include a timer to ensure that power is sent to power consuming devices only while the electronic locking device is active. This purpose, in addition to the above-mentioned clutch-type bolt mechanism, further reduces the power consumption of the electronic locking device and thus allows it to be operated with a battery.

Another object of the electronic locking device of the present invention is that it can be easily integrated with electronic alarm devices or safety systems, and that the code of the electronic locking device can be changed by a special key that cannot be unlocked. For example, it is possible to set a key code that allows entry only once, such as by automatically erasing the key code, and to restrict entry to a specified access level. It is.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

According to FIG. 1, an electronic locking device according to the invention is illustrated in simple form. The electronic locking device comprises a conventional bolt mechanism 1 with a bolt 2 . The shaft 3 extends through the bolt mechanism 1 and the inner knob 4 is attached directly to the shaft 3 inside the door 5 providing the assembly. The other end of the shaft 3 is connected to another shaft 7 via a clutch mechanism 6, and a knob 8 is attached to the shaft 7 on the outside of the door 5. Clutch mechanism 6 is an electrically driven clutch mechanism as will be disclosed in detail below. The bolt mechanism 1, clutch mechanism 6 and their associated shafts are attached to the housing 9 for mounting on the door 5 by conventional techniques.

Furthermore, the electronic locking device according to the invention is integrated into the door 5 and has a slot 14 for receiving the key 15.
A reading device 12 having a code sensor 13 is provided at the location. The key 15 is provided with a data code, as will be explained in detail below, and the code sensor 13
is the element 13 that senses the data code on the key 15.
It is equipped with a.

The micro switch 29 is provided behind the slot 14 and is turned on when the key 15 is fully inserted into the slot 14.

Additionally, the electronic locking device includes a code sensor 13.
and a control circuit 16 coupled to the microswitch 29. The lead wire 11 is connected to the control circuit 1
6 is coupled to the clutch mechanism 6.

Although the mechanical elements of the locking device and the electrical elements, such as the reader 12 and control circuit 16, are shown as forming different elements in FIG. These elements are assembled to form a compact unit as an off-the-shelf device and installed in the door 5.
It may be installed on.

The key 15 includes a code 26. This cord 26 may be an optical or magnetic cord, or may be eg resistive, capacitive,
Any other electrically variable characteristic such as inductance or resonant frequency may be used.

As clearly shown in FIG. 2, the key 15 consists of a card having a plurality of rows and columns of codes 26 on it. If the code 26 forms an optical code, the code sensor consists of a plurality of light sources and aligned photodetectors to individually detect each row of codes. Alternatively, a conventional code sensor may be used to sense electrically recorded codes. Each code sensor element 13a is key 1.
5 of the same column of codes 26 are arranged to be read simultaneously, so that the codes 26 of the same column are sent in parallel to the code register 30 as shown in FIG. 2, and the codes 26 of different columns are also read as codes. The data are sequentially sent to register 30.

The row of codes 26 on the keys 15 is divided into three areas. That is, a first column 27a forms a control code, a group of columns 27b adjacent to this control column 27a forms a first key code, and another group of columns 27c forms a second key code. do.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG.
has.

In order to simplify the explanation of the present invention, the explanation of its operation will be simplified as follows.

Keys 15 are used by various types of individuals. For example, when the electronic locking device of the present invention is used as an electronic locking device for hotel rooms, keys 15 are required for use by guests and for various service personnel such as maids. The control code 27a in the first row of keys 15 identifies such individuals by their "access level." Electronic locking devices allow different types of individuals to be given different opportunities for unlocking the electronic locking device. For example, for a customer, code string 27b is the code for the initial unlocking of the electronic locking device, and once the electronic locking device is unlocked with this code, the code stored in the electronic locking device is , is changed to the code corresponding to the code string 27c. This allows the guest to enter the room the first time using the code used by the previous guest stored in the electronic locking device, and then changes the code to a new code that does not allow the previous occupant to enter. Thereby, no problem arises even if the previous occupant continues to hold the key 15. The guest key 15 is initially given a code to enter the only cabin.

At other access levels, the keys 15 have changeable codes and, for example, allow a given individual to enter a number of guest rooms.

The key 15 is provided with a passive code to sense the code 26 using an energy source within the electronic locking device; Obviously, it is also possible to design it in such a way that it does not. For example, a code sensor 13 is provided that attaches a magnetic code to the key 15 and detects the electromotive force generated when the key 15 passes through the code sensor 13. Alternatively, the key 15 may be equipped with its own energy source, such as a wireless transmitter or the like. Thus, it is clear that the invention is not limited to the type of keys 15 used and can accommodate any type of code 26.

Codes corresponding to different access levels, such as master keys, guest keys, or other arbitrarily configured keys, are prestored in memory 21 (FIG. 2). The number of access levels can be easily expanded to any number of levels as further described. In actual form, the electronic locking device includes a passenger key, a floor master key, a section key, as illustrated in the sectors of memory 21 (FIG. 2).
It is divided into eight access levels which may be designated as Master Key, Service Master Key, Safety Master Key, Guard Master Key, Backup Key, and Spare Key. Each access/
The level is selected by a combination of control codes 27a on keys 15. A desired number of access levels is set by selecting a combination of the number of bits in control code 27a. For 8 access levels, 3 bits are used to generate 2 ³ =8 access levels. Control code 27a is also used for other auxiliary functions as further described. The key code 27b is set to an appropriate number of bits so that the number of binary number combinations is quite large. The original type for putting the electronic locking device of the present invention into practical use includes a combination of key code 27b.
Use 32 bits. This number of bits is changed as appropriate depending on the use of the electronic locking device. For purposes of description, it is assumed that ²³² combinations occur, but the 32-bit combination of key code 27b is arbitrarily chosen for locking, and this number of combinations is quite large.

In order to initially store the internal code in the memory 21 of FIG.
This is done externally by manipulating 0 to put the memory 21 into write mode and store the code received via the reader 12 in the memory 21. The memory 21 is set in write mode for the first code storage by a switch 30b which is operated only by disassembly of the electronic locking device.
It is also possible to change the code in the memory 21 by setting the memory 21 in write mode using the external switch 30b and reading another key 15.
Once the initial code for each access level is manually stored in memory 21 and switch 30b is turned off, the writing of new codes to memory 21 of FIG. 2 is controlled internally. The electronic locking device is then operated internally in automatic control mode as follows. That is, when the key 15 is inserted into the reading device 12, it will not operate until the key 15 is fully inserted and the micro switch 29 is turned on. The operation of microswitch 29 is sensed by control logic 20 (FIG. 2), which then resets all appropriate logic to the key read mode (line 59).
At the same time, the timer circuit 28 (FIG. 2) is activated. Timer circuit 28 is a monostable circuit that turns on power switch 24 when activated by the control logic. This power switch 24 is then connected to the code sensor light source bank 13b (FIG. 1), the clutch drive circuit 22 (FIG. 2), and the flasher 23 (FIG. 2) when using an optical sensing device. Sends power to electronic locking device electrical equipment that requires strong current. These circuit devices are timer circuit 2
Power can continue to be delivered until 8 turns off the power switch 24. I would like to emphasize the following. During the rest state of the electronic locking device, the unavoidable power consumption applied to the logic circuits left in operation, such as the memory 21 and other necessary circuits, etc., is very low, thus reducing the battery life. can be made to last longer. Special low power logic families are used for these continuously operating logic circuits. The use of a timer circuit 28 and power switch 24 is essential to the economical operation of a battery-equipped electronic locking device, which would otherwise consume significant power and require frequent replacement of batteries. This is extremely expensive and inconvenient for users. Timer circuit 28 determines when the electronic locking device is unlocked and the key code 27b is the same as the code stored in memory 21 (FIG. 2).
It remains active for the time required to change to c. The code comparison of comparator 19 follows the operation of timer circuit 28. When the key 15 is withdrawn from the reader 12, the code sensor 13 scans the code 26 column by column on the key 15. key 15
The above code 26 is temporarily stored in the code register 30. The first field of code 26 is control code 27a, which is stored in control code register 31. The main function of the control code 27a is to select different access levels of electronic locking devices such as guest keys, master keys, etc. (line 110). Any combination of the desired number of bits may be used to select sections of memory 21 for different access levels. Other auxiliary functions of control code 27a will be described hereafter. In practical applications of electronic locking devices, such as hotel locking devices, the number of access levels is eight. This is the number of access levels temporarily set for the purpose of explaining the present invention. The number of access levels can be very easily extended to any desired number. The 8 levels are the memory 21 in Figure 2.
may be arbitrarily designated as a guest key, floor master key, section master key, service master key, safety master key, guard master key, backup key and spare key as illustrated in FIG. The 8 levels are obtained from the 3-bit binary combination of control code 27a.

Following storing control code 27a in control code register 31, each field of key code 27b, 27c of code 26 is temporarily stored in code register 30 of FIG. Key
Code 27b field to code register 30
Following storing, a comparison cycle is activated by control logic 20 (line 111).
During that comparison cycle, memory 21 is read;
Key code 2 stored in code register 30
Each bit in field 7b is compared with the corresponding field in memory 21 of FIG. When any of the bits of key code 27b of FIG. 2 is not equal to its corresponding bit of memory 21 of FIG. remains in its previous state. The number of code bits on the field of code 26 of key 15 and the number of fields or columns of code 26 are a combination of memory size and combinations directly related to the number of bits appearing in code 26 of key 15. It is set appropriately between. The electronic locking device embodiment has one row for control code 27a and four rows for each of key codes 27b and 27c. Each column has 4 bits.
A counter in the control logic circuit 20 provides control by counting the synchronization bits 61.
Count the number of fields in code 26 in the diagram. At the end of the code input from key 15 the control logic circuit 2
The in-zero counter generates logic signals to perform locking operations and code change functions, and these functions are performed when all other conditions are met.

The locking operation function is accomplished by activating the clutch drive circuit 22 which sequentially drives the clutch mechanism 6 of FIG. 1 to unlock the locking device via the knob 8. The code change function is performed by the control logic circuit 20
This is accomplished by switching memory 21 into write mode via (line 112). The new code 27c received by the reading device 12 is stored in the memory 21
is replaced by the code currently stored in the appropriate access level section determined by control code 27a. The new key code 27c is the key 1 that activated the electronic locking device.
5 or on another key. The following must be emphasized: In the present invention, a key code 27 equal to the internal code stored in memory 21 is used.
b or 27c and performs two main functions. (1) Clutch mechanism 6 of electronic locking device
(2) to change the code stored in the memory 21; and (2) to change the code stored in the memory 21. The present invention does not require large amounts of code to perform these functions, and therefore the storage of that code can be reduced to a minimum level and the number of code comparisons can also be minimized. Bolt 2 of the electronic locking device using the electromechanical clutch mechanism shown in Figure 1.
(Fig. 1). A bolt 2 operated by a clutch mechanism 6 has several advantages over existing methods of matching electronic locking devices with mechanical bolts. Clutch mechanism 6
When the key codes 27b, 27c on the key 15 are the same as the corresponding codes in the memory 21,
Control logic circuit 20 via clutch drive circuit 22
when no other control conditions prohibit unlocking of the electronic locking device. Clutch mechanism 6 is of any commercial electromechanical type using a solenoid or other type of magnetic or electrostatic power conversion element to transfer power from shaft 7 in FIG. 1 to other shafts 3. Operation of clutch mechanism 6 causes torque to be transmitted from knob 8 of FIG. 1 to shaft 3.
When this torque is transmitted by the clutch mechanism 6, the operator of the electronic locking device
When the knob 8 is rotated, the bolt mechanism 1 is driven by the combination of the shaft 7, the clutch mechanism 6, and the shaft 3 of FIG. The bolt mechanism 1 may be of any commercial type as long as it can convert the torque from the shaft 3 into linear motion to drive the bolt 2 of FIG. The clutch mechanism 6 has several advantages over existing electronic or electric locking devices, which can be summarized as follows. That is ()
The operability of the electronic locking device mechanically amplifies power using the arm strength of the operator as a power source, () high reliability of operation due to its power amplification effect, and () the ease of operation of the electronic locking device when the clutch mechanism 6 is not driven. By separating the knob 8 from the internal mechanism, it is possible to eliminate the need to force the bolt 2. The inner knob 4 is directly connected to the bolt mechanism 1 and allows manual operation of the electronic locking device from inside the door 5 or any other fixture incorporating the electronic locking device.

Clutch mechanism 6 is located at a desired location on the electronic locking device inboard of knob 8 in FIG.

As described above, the electronic locking device of the present invention has several functions in addition to the main functions of driving the bolt mechanism 1 for room entry and changing the code stored inside the memory 21 when a command is given. Perform auxiliary functions.

One bit of control code 27a is used to perform the function of causing a code change and inhibiting a locking operation for room entry (line 113).
This feature is that any code stored in memory 21 can be changed without unlocking the electronic locking device. Key 1 with prohibited bits
5 is used to quickly change the code of an entire building without unlocking the electronic locking device. This ability to change the codes on electronic locking devices located in facilities such as hotels, motels, schools, and military installations is highly desired when there is a risk of intrusion by unverified individuals. It is.

Another feature of the control code 27a is that the key 15 can be set to unlock the electronic locking device only once. It is often desirable to have a key 15 that can only be used once, in situations where theft or other crime would result from the key 15 being passed from an authorized individual to a criminal. The one-time use function of key 15 is to decode the type of key 15 from the control code 27a (line 113) and cause the locking device to unlock only when the code in memory 21 is changed to a new code 27c. achieved. Provided that the key codes 27b, 27c are the same as the internally stored codes, the door cannot be opened in this case.

An additional feature of the electronic locking device is that when manual switch 30a is pressed, certain access
Key 15, which has a level, has a double locking function that restricts entry through the door. This function is realized by stopping the operation of the clutch drive circuit 22 and preventing entry through the door when the corresponding control code 27a is read from the key 15 (line 113) when the switch 30a is turned on. be done. The electronic double locking feature further limits the access level of keys 15 that allow entry, thereby increasing the security of the invention.

The functions of the electronic locking device described above and the devices for performing the functions constitute substantially all of the main parts of the electronic locking device. As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic section of the electronic locking device includes a code sensor 13, a code register 30, a control code register 31, a comparator 19, a control logic circuit 20,
Memory 21, clutch drive circuit 22, blinker 2
3. Power switch 24, timer circuit 28, micro switch 29, manual switch 30a, power supply 25
Consists of etc. The electronic circuits constituting the above-mentioned elements can be implemented in practice by a number of logic design methods using random logic or microprocessor-oriented control circuits. It must be emphasized that the novelty of the electronic locking device is covered by the use of the main elements of FIGS. 1 and 2. Although the details of these devices can be modified somewhat using various design methods, the small differences in logic design make the differences between these devices superior and economical over traditional types of electronic locking devices. does not change the basic relationships that exist in . Two alternative logic designs are described below that consist essentially of the same elements and perform related functions. The first uses a random logic design and is illustrated in FIG. Others use more recently developed electronic circuits, such as microprocessors and their peripherals, to perform the same functions. Its random logic design is described next.

Code sensor 13 consists of photodetectors 32-35. The outputs of photodetectors 32-35 are sent to code register 36 forming code register 30 of FIG.
~39, respectively. The electronic circuit operates in the following detailed sequence during operation of the electronic locking device. That is, the key 15 turns on the microswitch 29 when fully inserted into the reader 12. Microswitch 29 sequentially drives monostable circuit 49 which generates reset pulse 59. Reset pulse 59 resets all appropriate circuitry in the electronic control section of the electronic locking system shown in FIG.

When the timer counter 53 is reset, its output becomes a logic 0, and its output is output to the inverter 5.
Inverted by 5. The output of inverter 55 becomes a logic 1, turning power switch 24 on. Power switch 24 operates clock circuit 54 and timer counter 53 so that when the correct code is entered, the electronic locking device is activated and begins a countdown of the operating time required for the code in memory 21 to be changed. .

Key verification and related operations of the electronic locking device occur as follows following activation of the logic circuit by reset pulse 59. That is, after the timer circuit 28 and the power switch 24 are turned on due to the operation of the microswitch 29, the light source of the code sensor, for example a light emitting diode, is turned on by the power switch 24. Then key 15
As the key 15 is withdrawn from the reader 12, the reader 12 scans the key 15. That is, the code sensor 13 receives light passing through the code hole on the key 15. The code 26 is detected for each row parallel to the light source and code sensor 13. code 26
Each field in the code register 36 of FIG.
.about.39 (FIG. 2). The first field of code 26 is control code 27a, which is temporarily stored in control code register 31 of FIG. 2, which corresponds to control registers 43-46 of FIG. 3 (lines 114, 115, 116, 117). The first three bits of control code 27a are used to select one of the eight access levels stored in memory 21. Memory 21 is a standard solid state register with internal binary address decoding logic.
It must be emphasized here that there are several types of commercial electronic memory that can be used with the present invention. The essential significance of using them is that they can reduce power consumption, reduce costs, and simplify addressing logic circuits. One bit of control code 27a stored in control register 46 of FIG. 3 is used to change the code and perform the function of inhibiting unlocking of the electronic locking device. In the passenger key, this bit is a logic 1 and opens AND gate 42, which activates clutch drive circuit 22 if the code on key 15 is correct.
However, if only a code change is desired, the inhibit bit on key 15 is a logic 0 and is stored in control register 46, closing AND gate 42 and disabling clutch drive circuit 22, while simultaneously performing the code change operation.

The key code 27b is stored in the memory 21 in the following manner.
is compared with the code stored in . That is, following storing the control code 27a in the control registers 43-46, the key code 27b is stored column by column from the beginning in the code registers 36-39.
Synchronization bit 61 is used to store key codes 27b one column at a time, and when one column of that code is sent to a compare cycle, it is stored in code registers 36-3.
Used to clear 9. Code registers 36-39 have been previously cleared by a reset pulse 59 sent through OR gate 60. The logic 1 bit in the field of key code 27b is sent through photodetectors 32-35 to the corresponding code registers 36, 37, 38, 39. Sync bit 61, detected by sync detector 50, clocks flip-flop 48, which opens gate 61a to input clock signal 68 to address counter 47. Address counter 47 addresses the bit stored in memory 21 that corresponds to each bit of the code stored in code registers 36-39. Each bit of the corresponding code in key 15 and memory 21 is compared by exclusive or gate 40. When the bits are not equal, exclusive OR gate 40 outputs a signal that resets comparison flip-flop 41. The comparison flip-flop 41 has been previously reset by a reset pulse 59. Each clock pulse 68, gated by gate 61a, advances address counter 47 and shifts a bit in the field of code 26 stored in code registers 36-39. key code 27
b, 27c and each bit of the stored code are compared in turn in this manner. Shifting and address incrementing from field to field of code occurs by the number of bits in one column of code 26. The number of bits shifted and the increment of the address are monitored by a flip-flop 48 which indicates that the address counter 47 is
It is reset when the number of bits in the field has been output.

When flip-flop 48 is reset,
The monostable circuit 62 is turned on, and the monostable circuit 62 is
A reset pulse is generated to clear code registers 36-39 through OR gate 60. At this time, code registers 36-39 are ready to receive another field or column of codes 26 on key 15. The number of fields on the key 15 scanned by the reader 12 is counted by the code field counter 51 incrementing by the number of synchronization codes 61 detected by the synchronization detector 50. When the number of fields of the key code 27b of the key 15 is counted equal to the number of fields of the code stored in the memory 21, the code field counter 51 generates a reset pulse 5 in advance.
9 clocks the end of the cycle flip-flop 52 which is reset by 9. When flip-flop 52 outputs a logic 1, the control logic circuit activates the main locking function, i.e., the electronic locking device, and a new code 27c is output to the same key 1.
5 or another key, it is ready to make a chord change.

Comparison flip-flop 41 compares all bits of access level and key code 26 stored in memory 21 of FIG.
When the state is reached, it is logically determined that the code on the key 15 is the correct code. At the end of the comparison cycle, if the code is determined to be correct, flip-flops 41 and 52 both become logic 1. All other inputs corresponding to other auxiliary functions at this time also
If a logic 1 is being output, the AND gate 42 is opened. The output of AND gate 42 then drives clutch drive circuit 22, which is previously powered by power switch 24. A clutch drive circuit 22 drives the clutch mechanism 6 so that the knob 8 can be rotated to drive the electronic locking device.

The following method uses valid code to cause flip-flops 41 and 52 to output logic 1s simultaneously while performing other major functions, such as code changes. That is, the AND gate 65 receives the outputs of the flip-flops 41 and 63 and outputs the reset pulse 59.
output to write flip-flop 66, which has been previously reset by. When the write flip-flop 66 outputs a logic 1, the memory 2
1 is set to store the new code 27c from the reader. The new code 27c is
Depending on the size of the key 15 used and the convenience of the user, it may be provided on the same key 15 as the key for actuating the electronic locking device or on a separate key.

When a new code 27c is input from the reader 12 as the next valid code, the memory 2
1 is set to write mode by write flip-flop 66, a new code 27c
A similar comparison cycle is repeated with the original code as the original code. Both bits appearing at the inputs of exclusive-or gate 40 are bits that are being input to memory 21 and are written to memory 21 during the write cycle of the new code 27c. The comparison function is also performed during the write operation, but will be omitted.

The other two auxiliary functions are performed by electronic logic circuitry which drives the electronic locking device under predetermined conditions. These features are the one-time use key providing feature and the electronic double locking feature. The function of providing a key that can be used only once is performed in such a way that the electronic locking device can only be activated during a code change caused by the key 15 having a new code 27c replacing the existing code in the memory 21. The access levels that operate in this mode are the outputs of control registers 43, 44 and 45 (lines 118, 119, 120).
is decoded by the decoder 69 to which it is sent. The output of decoder 69 is set to a logic one setting any access level that wishes to activate the one-time use key mode.

The output of the decoder 69 is sent to one of the two inputs of the NAND gate 57. The other input comes from flip-flop 63 which is set to logic zero through AND gate 64 only when a write operation is performed. Write flip-flop 66 of FIG. 3 is activated and AND gate 64 opens only when sync code 61 is detected by sync detector 50. Therefore, when a write operation is performed for the access level to which the one-time use key is set, the output of flip-flop 63 is a logic 0, the output of decoder 69 of FIG. Make the output of logic 1,
Activates the electronic locking device. When there is no write operation to the access level to which the one-time use key is set, the output of flip-flop 63 holds a logic 1 and the decoder 69 also becomes a logic 1, causing the output of NAND gate 57 to become a logic 0.
This closes the AND gate 42 and stops the operation of the electronic locking device. That is, the electronic locking device is activated only during the write operation of a new code 17c from key 15, making it a one-time use key for the particular access level specified by decoder 69.

The electronic double locking function is accomplished by a decoder 86 or the like that is set to a particular access level that disables the electronic locking device when manual switch 30a is turned on. Specific access
When decoder 86 determines the access level by the input from control code registers 43-46 (lines 121-123) when manual switch 30a is operated to inhibit the level, the output of decoder 86 is: A logic 1 when the electronic locking device is in operation. The output of the switch circuit is also a logic one when the switch 30a is actuated to limit entry to the guest's room only to the access level specified by the guest. Therefore, Nand Gate 56
2 inputs to becomes logic 1, and this NAND gate 5
The output of 6 becomes a logic 0 through AND gate 42 to inhibit operation of the electronic locking device. This realizes the function of restricting entry.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the clutch mechanism shown in FIG. The clutch mechanism includes bearings 100 and 101 of shafts 95 and 96,
It is supported by a suitable base 89 which supports an electromagnetic clutch coil 92. When electromagnetic clutch coil 92 receives no signal through wires 98 and 99, spring bias 91 pulls toothed clutch 94 away from shaft 90 and toothed clutch 93 coupled thereto. Since there is a gap between toothed clutches 93 and 94 during the non-actuated state, the torque is applied to the shaft 96.
is not transmitted to the shaft 95. wire 98,
99, the electromagnetic clutch coil 92 uses electromagnetic force to urge the shaft 90 in a direction against the spring 91, and the toothed clutches 93 and 94 engage to unlock the locking device. When toothed clutches 93 and 94 of FIG. 4 are engaged, torque is transferred from shaft 96 to shaft 9.
5, and when the knob is turned, the bolt mechanism of the electronic locking device shown in FIG. 1 is activated, allowing entry into the room. In the arrangement of FIG. 4, the outer knob of the door is attached to a shaft 96, and the shaft 95 is coupled to a bolt mechanism as shown in FIG.

While the invention has been disclosed and described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be obvious that changes and modifications may be made thereto, and that the following claims reflect the true scope and spirit of the invention. It is intended to cover such changes and modifications as may come within its scope.

Although specific embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described herein, changes may be made in the arrangement and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

As described above, according to the electronic locking device of the present invention, when the first code on the key matches the code stored in the memory, the control logic circuit changes the code in the memory to the second code on the key. By providing a circuit that unlocks the electronic locking device only while the electronic locking device is locked, a key that can be used only once can be set, and various excellent effects can be achieved, such as preventing theft and crime.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a perspective partial sectional view of a simplified form of an electronic locking device according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electronic control portion of the electronic locking device of FIG. 1; and FIG. , is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the circuit of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the clutch mechanism used in the electronic locking device of FIG.
FIG. 1 is a bolt mechanism, 2 is a bolt, 6 is a clutch mechanism, 12 is a reader, 13 is a code sensor, 14
is the slot, 15 is the key, 16 is the control circuit, 21
is a memory, and 26 is a code.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A key having at least a first and a second code, a bolt drive mechanism and a memory and a circuit for detecting the code on the key and a code stored in the memory and a second code on the detected key. A circuit that sequentially compares the first and second codes and a circuit that compares the first and second codes in order.
a circuit for detecting that a first code matched with a code stored in said memory and actuating said bolt drive mechanism; and a circuit for detecting that a compared first code matched a code stored in said memory and said an electronic locking device comprising a circuit for changing a code stored in memory to match a second code; detecting the activation of the circuit for changing the code stored in memory and the code on the key; A circuit is provided that detects the operation of the circuit and transmits a signal from the circuit to the bolt drive mechanism to operate the bolt drive mechanism only when both are operated at the same time, thereby changing the code stored in the memory to a second code. An electronic locking device characterized in that it is possible to set a key that can be used only once when the locking device is locked. 2. The key has a control code, the memory has a plurality of storage locations for storing codes for different combinations of the control codes, and the circuit for changing the stored code of the memory stores a storage location specified by the control code. a circuit configured to change a code stored on the key, further comprising a circuit for detecting a particular control code, and a circuit for actuating the bolt drive mechanism only when a memory change and a code detection on the key are occurring at the same time. 2. An electronic locking device according to claim 1, wherein a circuit is provided for transmitting a signal to the bolt drive mechanism so that only keys having a particular control code can be used once.