JPS63207532A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable a workpiece to be three-dimensionally moved with respect to a tool, by securing a workpiece mounting bed, which turnably supports a rotatable workpiece bed fixing a workpiece around an axial line crossing at a right angle with the rotary axial line of said workpiece bed, onto a table able to reciprocate in three axes directions. CONSTITUTION:A table 3 can move reciprocating in directions of X, Y and Z axes. A workpiece mounting bed 4 is secured onto the table 3. The workpiece mounting bed 4 has a workpiece bed 5 able to exchange a workpiece to be mounted and removed. The workpiece bed 5 is able to turn about a vertical center axial line 6. The workpiece bed 5 is turnably supported about a rotary axial line 7 crossing at a right angle with the center axial line 6 further in parallel with a short lengthwise direction of the table 3, for instance, lateral direction of the drawing. Accordingly, the workpiece on the workpiece bed 5 enables its three-dimensional shaped machining to be performed by a tool.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly to a machine tool that supports a workpiece so that it can reciprocate or rotate in five axes relative to a tool.

2. Description of the Related Art A four-axis machine tool is known in which a workpiece table rotatable around a vertical axis is provided on a table capable of reciprocating in three axes.

In conventional machine tools, the work table is rotatable, but the posture of the work table itself is constant, so the relative position of the tool with respect to the work mounted on the work table is limited. Therefore, the machining form of the workpiece is also limited.

For example, when machining a complex shape such as a spherical surface, it is required not only to simply rotate the work table but also to move the work three-dimensionally relative to the tool.

Until now, there was no machine tool that could meet these demands and was compact and compact.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and provide a machine tool that can move a workpiece three-dimensionally relative to a tool and is compact and compact.

(2) Bottom The present invention achieves the above object by providing a workpiece mounting table in which a workpiece is fixed on a table capable of reciprocating in three axes, and a rotatable workpiece table is rotatably supported around an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation thereof. Achieved by fixed machine tools.

The details of the machine and operation of the invention will be explained based on the embodiment shown in the drawings.

1 and 2, an example of a machine tool, such as a vertical axis machining center, will be used for explanation.

The machine tool 1 includes a spindle head 2 and a table 3 that support the tool.
and has. In FIG. 1, the table 3 is capable of reciprocating in the left-right direction, for example in the X-axis direction, and in the front-back direction, for example in the Y-axis direction. Further, the table 3 is capable of reciprocating in the vertical direction, that is, in the Z-axis direction. If necessary, it is also possible to reciprocate the spindle head 2 in the Z-axis direction.

A workpiece mount 4 is fixed on the table 3. The work mounting stand 4 has a work stand 5, such as a pallet, on which the work can be attached and replaced. The work table 5 is rotatable about a vertical central axis 6 in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The work table 5 is further rotatably supported around a rotation axis 7 perpendicular to the central axis 6 and parallel to the lateral direction of the table 3, for example, the left-right direction in FIG.

The work table 5 swings around the rotation axis 7 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1, rotates around the central axis 6, and moves the table 3 in any direction of the three axes. As a result, the workpiece on the worktable 5 can be machined into a three-dimensional shape using a tool.

A tool changer 8 and a workpiece changer 9 can be attached to the machine tool.

Work Mounting Table 4 In FIG. 3, the work mounting table 4 fixed on the table 3 has a first support 11 and a second support 12 fixed to the table 3 with bolts 10.

The first abutment 11 has an abutment casing 13 fixed to the table 3 with bolts 10, as shown in FIG.

A support shaft 14 is rotatably supported by bearings 15 and 16 on the support casing 13 .

A rotary plate 17 is fixed to one end of the support shaft 14 by a bolt 18, and a brake plate 19 is fixed to the opposite end by a bolt 20. A hydraulic brake device 2 is installed in the abutment casing 13.
1 is fixed. The hydraulic brake device 21 includes a brake shoe 22 arranged to sandwich the brake plate 19 and moved toward and away from the brake plate 19 by hydraulic pressure. A cover 23 is fixed to the abutment casing 13 so as to shield the hydraulic brake device 21 from the outside.

In order to detect the rotational position of the support shaft 14, a known position detection device 24 such as Rotary Inductosin (trade name) is provided. The illustrated example has a rotor 24a fixed to the support shaft 14 and a stator 24b fixed to the support casing 13.

The support shaft 14 has a through hole 14a through which electric wires and piping are guided.
is formed.

A worm wheel 2 is attached to a flange portion 14b formed on the support shaft 14.
5 is fixed with a bolt 26. The worm wheel 25 can also be formed integrally with the support shaft 14. The worm wheel 25 meshes with the worm 27 in FIGS. 4 and 5. The worm 27 has a bearing 28.2 on the abutment casing 13.
It is rotatably supported by 9. A first gear 30 is fixed to the shaft end of the worm 27.
It meshes with the drive gear 31. The first drive gear 31 is fixed to the output shaft of a first motor 32 fixed to the abutment casing 13 . The abutment casing 13 has a piping connector 33,
A wiring connector 34, an electrical terminal board 35, etc. are attached as necessary.

In FIG. 4, a rotary plate 17 is fixed to and rotatably supported by a support shaft 14 rotatably supported by an abutment casing 13, and is fixed to an index casing 36 with bolts or the like as shown in FIG.

A support bin 37 is fixed to the index casing 36 at an end opposite to the rotary plate 17 by bolts 38 coaxially with the rotary plate 17 .

The support bin 37 is rotatably supported by the abutment casing 39 of the second abutment 12 by a bearing 40. A brake plate 41 (Figs. 3 and 6) is attached to the free end of the support bin 37.
is fixed with bolts 42. Abutment casing 3
A hydraulic brake device 43 is attached to 9, and brake shoes 44 operated by hydraulic pressure are arranged in the hydraulic brake device 43 so as to sandwich the temporary brake 4I. Electrical wiring for the motor, etc., and piping for hydraulic brakes and lubrication in the index casing 36 are guided through the through hole 14a of the support shaft 14.

An index casing 36 rotatably supported around a rotation axis 45 by a rotary plate 17 and a support bin 37
An index shaft 47 is rotatably supported by a bearing 46 . A worm wheel 4 is attached to the index shaft 47.
8 is fixed with a bolt 49. The worm wheel 48 can also be formed integrally with the index shaft 47. The worm wheel 48 engages with the worm 50 as shown in FIG.

The worm 50 is rotatably supported by the index casing 36 by bearings 51 and 52.

A second gear 53 is fixed to the shaft end of the worm 50, and the second gear 53 is connected to the second drive gear 5 via an idle gear 54.
5 is interlocked. The second drive gear 55 is an output shaft 56a
Fixed. The idle gear 54 is rotatably supported by a bearing 58 on a shaft 57 that is integrally or fixedly formed on the index casing 36 .

The rotating shaft 47 is provided with a holder hole 60 at one end into which a holder 59 of the work table 5, for example, a pallet, is inserted. A sleeve 62 having a tapered surface that closely contacts the tapered surface of the tapered shaft portion 61 of the holder 59 is provided in the holder hole 60.
is slidably inserted, and a spring 64 is installed between the sleeve 62 and a spring seat surface 63 formed on the index shaft 47 to press the sleeve 62 outward. sleeve 62
is prevented from escaping outward by a ring 65 fixed to the index shaft 47 with a bolt 66.

A cylinder hole 67 is formed in the index shaft 47, and a piston 68 is slidably mounted therein.

The cylinder hole 67 is covered with a cap 69.

The cap 69 is rotatable together with the index shaft 47, and the rotary joint part 80 fixed to the cap 69 is inserted into the channel body 70 fixed to the index casing 36, and the sealing device connects the channel body 70 and the rotary joint part. 80 is sealed with liquid. A guide hole 71 is formed in the cap 69 on the piston 68 side, and a clamp device 72 is slidably mounted in the guide hole 71. The clamp device 72 has a hollow shaft 75 in which an end protuberance 74 of the clamp shaft 73 of the holder 61 can slide, and one or more through holes 76 extending radially across the hollow hole 75. It has a ring body 77 and a plurality of balls 78 inserted into the through hole 77. The hollow ring body 77 is fixed to the piston 6B and slides in the guide hole 71 according to the movement of the piston 68.

An annular four part 79 is formed at the end of the guide hole 71 facing the piston 68, and when the hollow ring body 77 is pressed by the piston 68 to the side opposite to the holder hole 60, the through hole 7
The ball 78 of No. 6 is pushed toward the hollow hole 75 by the cap 69, and the raised portion 74 of the clamp shaft portion 73 is caught on the ball 78 so that it does not come off, and the holder 59 is pushed toward the hollow hole 75 by the cap 69.
Clamped at 2. When moved in the opposite direction by the piston 68, the ball 78 moves into the annular recess 79 at the position of the annular recess 79.
The ball 78 allows passage of the ridge 74 when the pallet 5 is withdrawn.

In other words, the clamp is released. A rod-shaped detection part 91 fixed or integrally molded to the hollow ring body 77 is attached to the rotary joint part 80.
is arranged so as to protrude through the passage body 70, and a sensor fixed to the channel body 70, for example, a limit switch 92, detects whether it is a clamp position or a clamp release position.

A first fluid passage 81 formed in the index 47 opens at the bottom surface 67a of the cylinder hole 67, supplies fluid to the piston 68 from the valent holder 59 side, and moves the piston 68 in the direction in which the clamp device 72 is actuated. The first fluid path 81 passes through the first intermediate path 82 of the cap 69 and into the first supply path 83 of the rotary joint portion 80 . A second fluid passage 81 formed in the camp 69 opens into the cylinder hole 67 so as to supply fluid to the piston 68 from the side opposite to the first fluid passage 81. The second fluid path 84 passes through the second intermediate path 85 of the cap 69 to the second fluid path 84 of the rotary joint portion 80.
It leads to the supply path 86 . By supplying fluid to the second fluid path 84, the piston 68 is pressed toward the pallet 5, and the clamp device 72 is brought into a released state. By timing the pallet attachment and detachment and switching between the first fluid path and the second fluid path, the pallet can be accurately attached and detached.

As an indexing device, the pallet 5 is used to accurately hold the pallet 5 without shifting its relative position when rotating the pallet 5.
A positioning pin 88 is provided on the index shaft 47, and a positioning pin 88 is fixed to the index shaft 47.

A known position detection device 89 for detecting the rotational position, such as a position detection scale, is attached to the index shaft 47.

The operation of the workpiece mount 4 will be explained.

When the first motor 32 is driven by a signal from the control device, the worm 27 is rotated, and the worm wheel 25 is rotated. The rotation of the worm wheel 25 is transmitted as the rotation of the support shaft 14. The support shaft 14 is fixed to the index casing 36 via a rotating plate 17. Therefore, the index casing 36 is rotated around the axis of the support shaft 14.

Typically, the index casing 36 is configured to rotate about a horizontal axis, but is not limited to a horizontal axis. By the rotation of the index casing 36, the work table 5, that is, the index shaft supporting the work table 5, rotates, and can be controlled to an appropriate posture, such as a horizontally extending state or a vertically extending state, for example.

When the second motor 56 is driven by a signal from the control device via an electric wire wired through the through hole 14a of the support shaft 14, the worm 50 is rotated via the gears 55, 54, 53, and the worm 50 is rotated. Wheel 48 is rotated. Since the worm wheel 48 is fixed to the index shaft 47, as the worm wheel 48 rotates, the index shaft 4
7 rotates, and the work table 5 rotates.

If the work table 5 is configured to freely rotate within a 360° range by being driven by the second motor 56, the relative position of the workpiece on the work table with respect to the tool attached to the spindle head 2 will be controlled by the first motor 32. Index casing 3
Even if the rotation range of 6 is limited to a range of 90 degrees, it can be set to any state. In other words, even if the rotation range of the index casing 36 is set to 90 degrees from the position where the index shaft 47 extends horizontally to the position where it extends vertically, the remaining 90'' range can be adjusted by selecting the rotation position of the index shaft 47 itself. The workpiece can be set in the same state as when it was rotated.

By selecting the rotation angle of the index shaft 47 itself, the rotation angle of the index casing 36, and the position of the table 3 in the x, y, and z directions, it is possible to machine the workpiece into any three-dimensional shape using a tool. It becomes possible.

The index shaft 47 can freely rotate 360° and can also move its axial direction to any angular position from horizontal to vertical. Since the index shaft 47 can be moved to a horizontally extending position, a tailstock 90 corresponding to the tail stock of the lathe is prepared as shown in FIG. 1, and is configured so that it can be fixed to the table 3 as necessary. If you do this, you can also process long and thin workpieces like you would with a lathe.

The tailstock 9 can be structurally similar to that used in a lathe or the like.

Although the diagram has been explained as a diagram that explains the principle, it is natural that it will be modified as appropriate in consideration of manufacturing and assembly for practical use, and it is natural that the refueling air supply system and sealing means will also be considered as necessary. be.

According to the fourth power invention, the position of the workpiece can be set with respect to the tool by a combination of reciprocating motion and rotational motion about 5 axes, so machining of any three-dimensional shape or machining at any position is possible. I made it.

The present invention makes it possible to arbitrarily set the posture of the worktable that supports the workpiece, and by providing a tailstock, it becomes possible to create a machining center that can also process elongated workpieces like a lathe.

According to the present invention, the second motor that rotationally drives the index shaft is fixedly disposed within the index casing, so even if a swinging index casing is used, it is possible to pack the drive device into a compact space.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a machining center as a machine tool according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of a workpiece mount, and FIG. 1 A front cross-sectional view of the abutment, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along V-■ in Figure 4, and Figure 6
The figure is a left side view of FIG. 3, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line ■-■ of FIG. 6. 1...Machine tool 2...Spindle head 3...
Table 4... Work mounting stand 5... Work stand 11... First support stand 12... Second support stand

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a machine tool, the machine tool has a spindle head on which a tool is attached, and a table on which a workpiece can be attached and removed, and the table is movable relative to the spindle head in three axes directions: left and right, front and back, and up and down. A mounting base is fixedly attached, and the workpiece mounting base includes a support base fixed to the table, and an index casing rotatably supported by the support base around an axis parallel to the short direction of the frame. and a work stand supported by the index casing so as to be rotatable around a central axis substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis of the index casing.