JPS63206607A - Three-dimensional measuring machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the rapid and reliable preparation of a measuring procedure program while generating configurational graphic equivalent to the shape of an object of measurement, by providing a CAD part having a graphic processing function, a measuring part generating measurement information, etc. CONSTITUTION:A three-dimensional measurement backup apparatus 21 is composed of a CAD part 22, a measuring part 24, various data bases 26-28 and a post-processor 29 connected to a control unit 51, which are formed organically and integrally as a central processing system. The CAD part 22 has a graphic processing function for generating configurational graphic data equivalent to the shape of an object of measurement by the conversion of design data. Meanwhile, the measuring part 24, referring to configurational graphic and tolerance information equivalent to the shape of the object of measurement, generates measurement information including a relative transfer route of a measurer and the object of measurement and others on the basis of measuring conditions set by an input unit 11. By outputting these pieces of measurement information to the control unit 51 through the post-processor 29, a measuring procedure program can be prepared by the unit 51.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is directed to a main body formed so that an object to be measured and a probe can be moved relative to each other in a three-dimensional direction, and a main body that is driven in a predetermined procedure to move the object to be measured. The present invention relates to a three-dimensional measuring machine that includes a control device that measures the shape and dimensions of an object by using the amount of relative displacement between the object and a measuring element.

[Background technology and its problems]

A conventional general three-dimensional measuring machine is comprised of a main body 31 and a control device 51, as shown in FIG. 10th
In the figure, the main body 31 consists of a base 32, columns 34, 34 erected on both sides of the base 32, a beam member 35 spanned between the columns 34, 34, and this beam member 35 in the figure. an X slider 36 mounted so as to be slidable in the direction; a Z guide box 37 integrally attached to the X slider 36;
A spindle 38 is slidably guided in the Z direction in the figure by a Z guide box 37, a workpiece table 42 is provided to be movable back and forth in the Y direction on the base 1, and a workpiece table 42 is housed below the workpiece table 42. The side plates 33, 33, bellows 46, and spindle 38 are mainly used for dustproofing the Y-direction drive means, Y-direction displacement detector, etc.
It was formed from a touch signal probe 44 having a measuring tip 45 attached to the lower end side of the touch signal probe 44. Note that 43 indicates a plurality of types of touch signal probes 44, 44, 44 . ..., and in this example, the spindle 3 is attached by an automatic probe attachment/detachment device (not shown).
8, the touch signal probe 44 is automatically replaced.

In addition, the control device 51 is a control unit 5 schematically expressed.
2 and a console 53 for making various settings, commands, etc.
The control unit 52 includes an output device 54 formed from a typewriter, CRT, etc. that outputs measurement results, and the control unit 52 controls the relationship between the measuring stylus 45 and the measuring object 1 attached to the stage 42, that is, the relationship between the measuring stylus 45 and the measuring object 1 attached to the stage 42. A predetermined measurement procedure program was stored that calculates the measured values of the shape and dimensions from the position and number of points involved with .1 and the amount of relative movement and displacement of both 45.1.

Therefore, the object to be measured 1 is attached to the stage 42, and the object to be measured 1 is attached to the control unit 52 of the control device 51.
When automatic operation is started after setting a measurement procedure program corresponding to Both 45.1 are sequentially involved in a predetermined measurement plane while being relatively moved in the Y, Z) directions (in this example, both 45.1 are brought into contact because of the touch signal probe 44). Here, the control device 51 specifies the amount of relative movement between both 45.1 based on the touch signal generated from the probe 44 when both 45.1 are involved, and also determines the relative movement amount of the object to be measured l according to the measurement procedure program.
We were able to obtain the measured values of shape, dimensions, etc. with high precision.

Note that the functions are the same even when the format of the main body 31 is different, for example, when the stage 42 is fixed, when the probe 45 is of an optical non-contact type, etc.

However, the conventional three-dimensional measuring machine 30 has the following problems.

That is, in order to automatically operate the three-dimensional measuring machine and perform quick and accurate inspections and measurements, it is necessary to create a measurement procedure program that specifically corresponds to the object to be measured 1. Conventional methods for creating measurement procedure programs employ the so-called teaching method or playback method.
First, an elaborate reference measurement object that is a model of the measurement object 1 is manufactured, and this is set on the stage 42. Then, the main body 31 is manually or semi-automatically driven to relatively move and contact the reference measurement object and the probe 45 while executing the actual measurement procedure, and various quantities such as the amount of relative movement of both 1 and 45 and the number of contact points are executed. A measurement procedure program was created by reading the specifications. Therefore, in order to create a measurement procedure program, the production of a reference measurement object is a prerequisite, which not only requires a considerable amount of time until actual operation, but also imposes an economic burden of having to manufacture a large number of reference measurement objects. It also had the disadvantage of being large and having poor work efficiency.

In addition, so-called CAD/CAM systems that focus on the design process and processing process of the product being measured are widespread, but the measurement and inspection processes are considered separate due to special circumstances on the user's side. However, since the data cannot be used effectively, there is a problem in that the overall production efficiency is low, and depending on the shape of the object to be measured, there are cases where the three-dimensional measuring machine cannot be used.

Furthermore, since a measurement procedure program must be created for each measurement object using the reference measurement object, in reality when the reference measurement object is at hand, the measurement procedure program may vary depending on the operator, resulting in improved accuracy and efficiency. There is also the problem of causing inadequacies in this respect, and there is also the problem of duplication of work in that each measurement procedure program must be created even for similar measurement objects.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention provides a three-dimensional measurement system equipped with a measurement procedure teaching means that can quickly and accurately create a measurement procedure program while generating geometrical data corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured without actually manufacturing the object. The purpose is to provide a machine.

[Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention has the following features:
Focusing on the fact that the above-mentioned conventional problems were due to the fact that the measurement procedure program was created using the reference measurement object, we realized that even if the reference measurement object is not manufactured, it is possible to It is also designed so that a measurement procedure program corresponding to the object to be measured can be created.

For this reason, the main body is formed so that the object to be measured and the measuring point can be moved relative to each other in three-dimensional directions, and this main body is driven according to a predetermined procedure, and the amount of relative movement displacement between the object to be measured and the measuring point is utilized. In a three-dimensional measuring machine consisting of a control device that measures the shape and dimensions of an object to be measured, a CAD has a graphic processing function to convert design data and generate geometric data corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured. A three-dimensional measurement part that includes a part and a measurement part that generates measurement information for teaching the measurement procedure to be output to the control device based on the shape and figure data generated by this CAD part and taking measurement conditions into account. It is equipped with a measurement procedure teaching means consisting of a support device and an input device for setting and commanding the measurement conditions, etc. to the three-dimensional measurement support device, and is capable of measuring the measurement object even when there is no reference measurement object. The above purpose is achieved by configuring the system so that a procedural program can be created.

Therefore, according to the present invention, if a graphic image as design data is read from a CAD/CAM or the like and the measurement evaluation purpose, measurement position, number of measurement points, etc. are set and instructed from the input device, the CAD part is processed by the graphic processing function. It is possible to create shape and figure data corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured, and to use the shape and figure data in the measurement part to generate measurement information including the movement path between the probe and the object to be measured.

Therefore, based on the measurement information from the three-dimensional measurement support device, the three-dimensional measuring machine can create a measurement procedure program without using the reference or the actual object to be measured.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the coordinate measuring machine according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

This embodiment has a main body 31 and a control device 5 as shown in FIG.
A three-dimensional measuring machine 30 is composed of the measurement procedure teaching means 10 and the measurement procedure teaching means 10, and an auxiliary means 60 is provided as a means for inputting design data to the measurement procedure teaching means 10. The basic configuration of the main body 31 and the control device 51 is the same as the above-mentioned No. 1.
Since this is the same as the conventional three-dimensional measuring machine shown in FIG.

First, the measurement procedure teaching means 10, which is a characteristic component of the present invention, provides data, that is, measurement information, that allows the control device 51 to create a measurement procedure program without performing sample measurements using a reference measurement object. The three-dimensional measurement support device 21 is roughly divided into an input device 11 and a three-dimensional measurement support device 21.

In this embodiment, the three-dimensional measurement support device W21 is a CA system that is organically and integrally formed as a central processing system.
It is composed of a D part 22, a measurement part 24, various databases 26, 27, 28, and a post processor 29 connected to a control device 51.

Here, the CAD bart 22 has a graphic processing function for converting design data to generate shape and graphic data corresponding to the shape of the object 1 to be measured. In other words, the present invention attempts to generate a shape having the same shape as the measurement object without producing a reference measurement object as in the conventional method, and can function independently of the measurement part 24 described later. In other words, it creates a measurement database. Specifically, the figure processing function includes a three-dimensional figure generation function, a surface figure generation function, a parametric figure generation function, a tolerance attribute function, and the like.

Now, the surface shape generation function sweeps by translating the basic line 80 consisting of a straight line, a combination of a straight line and a curved line, or a curved line as shown in FIG. 5(A) or rotating it as shown in FIG. 5(B). , which generates a surface shape figure corresponding to the basic measurement surface. Therefore, in addition to the shape figure shown in FIG. 5, various two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface shape figures such as those illustrated in FIGS. 4(A) to 4(D) can be generated. Although not shown, the surface shape figure generation function is also equipped with a function of a connection method that generates a surface shape figure by connecting points and lines, and can be used selectively or in combination with the above sweep method depending on the figure to be generated. can do.

In addition, the three-dimensional figure generation function selects and combines surface figures as appropriate, for example, as shown in FIG. A three-dimensional figure corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured can be generated. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned parametric figure generation function is provided in order to realize rapid processing, paying attention to the fact that there are many similar, enlarged, or reduced shapes in the shape of a part or the whole of the actual measurement object l. This function allows you to register basic figures (parametric figures) whose dimensions are parameters, change the parameters, and generate similar figures. For example, the rectangular parallelepiped 2 shown in FIG. 7(A) is generated by using the rectangular plane (aXbXc) 5 as the basic figure and specifying the parameter C thereto, and the rectangular parallelepiped 2 shown in FIG. This is an example of generating a cylindrical body or a cylindrical outer peripheral surface by specifying a parameter Z. Also, this function is the same (C)
It is also applicable to combinations of multiple basic figures as shown in . Furthermore, many of the basic figures are generated by the surface shape figure generation function.

In addition, the tolerance attribute function takes into consideration that although each of the above functions can complete a geometric figure, there may be cases where the shape does not match the actual shape of the object to be measured 1. The dimension/angular tolerance of the object to be measured 1 or J
The purpose is to generate practical figures by making it possible to easily and organically add geometrical tolerances defined by IS. Therefore, it is not necessary to generate all figures having different dimensions corresponding to the tolerance each time. It is also possible to search for tolerance information.

On the other hand, the measurement part 24 can operate independently of the CAD part 22 and has a close relationship with it, and while referring to the shape and tolerance information corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured generated by the CAD part 22, Measurement information including the relative movement path between the measuring stylus 45 and the measuring object 1 is generated based on measurement conditions such as the measurement evaluation purpose, measurement position, number of measurement points, etc. set from the input device 11. In other words, if output to the control device 51 via the post-processor 29, the control device 51 has enough measurement information to create a measurement procedure program similar to that created using the reference measurement object using the conventional playback method. can be generated.

In particular, the measurement bar 24 of this embodiment is provided with a probe operation simulation function, an automatic interference check function, an information editing function, an automatic measurement point arrangement function, and a measurement macro function. The probe motion simulation function is capable of displaying and outputting the movement path on the display 12, which is a part of the input device 11, and also allows the movement path to be modified by operating the keyboard 13 or the like. The automatic interference check function is provided for the following purposes.

Generally, the number of measurement points is large, close to 1000 points,
The shape of the object to be measured 1 is complex and diverse, and the measuring point 45
Considering the fact that the shape of the touch signal probe 44 including the touch signal probe 44 is also replaced and changed, no matter how carefully the shortest movement path is determined, in actual measurement, the contact point 45 and the object to be measured 1 may collide or come into contact. There may be interference. If interference occurs, not only will the probe be damaged, but the measurement will have to be interrupted.

This is a problem that is relatively likely to occur when observing the well-known rule that the relative movement speed or time between the probe 45 and the object to be measured 1 should be minimized in order to improve measurement efficiency. Here, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional figure (shape figure) corresponding to the shape of the measuring object 1 generated in the CAD part 22 and the shape of the measuring tip etc. are each replaced with a simpler shape figure, and this simple figure An automatic interference check function is formed so that comrades can evaluate the presence or absence of interference between both parties 45.1. This will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.
If the actual shape (B) is taken as the actual shape of the object to be measured 1, interference between the two 45, 1, etc. can be checked by replacing it with the simple shapes 8, 9 as shown in FIG. In other words, the actual shape shown in FIG. 8 has unevenness, etc., and it would take a huge amount of time and effort to check for interference based on this example. Therefore, for example, by replacing the shape of the measuring element 45 with its axis 8 as shown in FIG.
If the rectangular parallelepiped 9 formed from planes parallel to the Y, Z) coordinate axes can be used for checking, safe and reliable evaluation can be performed quickly. Note that the shape to be replaced can be arbitrarily selected depending on the form of the object to be measured. Furthermore, when there are a plurality of measurement points, the automatic measurement point arrangement function attempts to automatically arrange them at optimal positions where measurement can be performed with a predetermined accuracy so that both 45, 1 can participate. For example, when determining the diameter of a hole and its axis, if you specify three measurement points using the three-point method, the function edits the measurement information according to the actual measurement, often in chronological order. Furthermore, the measurement macro function is for quickly creating measurement information by registering measurement procedures of the same or similar shapes as macros and repeatedly using them.

This can also be used to register and use measured values, positioning, scoring methods, and other know-how that meet the user's unique measurement standards as dislike rules.

In addition, CAD database 26, macro database 2
7. The measurement database 28 simplifies processing as a whole;
It is for speeding up and functioning as a storage element.

On the other hand, the human-powered device 11 selects, commands, sets, and confirms specifications for operating the bars 22 and 24 in a predetermined manner using a conversation method and a central processing system that integrates the CAD part 22 and the measurement bar 24. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the keyboard 13,
It is composed of an input board 16, an input pen 17, and the like. Therefore,
It is possible to set the measurement evaluation purpose, measurement position, number of measurement points, etc. Functions such as settings by the input board 16 and input pen 17 are as shown in FIG. In addition, the display 12
You can directly hit the shape displayed on the screen.

Further, the auxiliary means 60 includes a CAD system 61 and a database 6 that perform processing related to general design processes and processing processes.
2 and an auxiliary file 63, and in this embodiment, it is provided so that design data, which is not a concrete figure expressed by numbers or symbols, can be directly input into the three-dimensional measurement support device 21. Detailed explanation will be omitted as this is a general commercially available product that does not include any treatment related to the measurement process.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained.

Note that, for convenience, the time element will be omitted and the explanation will be made in relation to the constituent elements.

(Settings, etc.) This is performed using the input device 11 of the measurement procedure teaching means 10.

Operate the keyboard 13, input board 16 and input pen 17,
The display 12 is also sometimes used.

(1) Setting measurement start conditions When creating new measurement information, use the measurement database 2.
8, the operation start condition is established by calling and declaring the data, or in the case of addition, insertion, etc., the existing data to be edited.

(2) Setting of basic conditions Select and set the basic conditions necessary for measurement work, such as information on the type of measuring machine and probe, coordinate system information, tolerance class information, etc.

(3) Setting the purpose of measurement and evaluation Specify the measurement surface of the object to be measured and set the purpose of evaluation. Typical measurement and evaluation purposes are listed below.

(a) Position, position difference (b) Distance (projected distance, spatial distance) (C) Angle (actual angle, projected angle, spatial angle) (d) Specific quantity verification (diameter, conical taper angle) (e) M Deviation verification (straightness, flatness, etc.) (f) Posture deviation verification (parallelism,
perpendicularity, etc.) (b) Runout deviation comparison (circumferential runout) (4) Setting of measurement method Determine the movement path for moving the measuring head 45 and the measurement object 1 relative to each other based on the measurement evaluation information set above. In order to do so, the following specific matters will be set and ordered.

(a) Setting the number of measurement points (b) Specifying the measurement range
It is effective as a treatment for areas such as the middle gate.

(C) Determining and instructing the measurement position (d) Instructing the guidance conditions of the probe (e) Selecting and specifying the interference check function (5) Editing the measurement information (creating the shape figure) Design data (figure images) from the auxiliary means 60 including the system 61 are input and converted using the figure processing functions (surface shape figure generation function, solid shape figure generation function, parametric figure generation function, tolerance attribute function). C
Created by AD Bart22.

(Creation of measurement information) Measurement information is created by the measurement part 24 based on the measurement conditions of the input device 11 and using data in each database 26, 27, 28 as appropriate.

The measurement part 24 works organically with the CAD part 22 to measure within the measurement range so as to satisfy the given number of measurement points based on the basic conditions, purpose of measurement evaluation, number of measurement points, measurement range, etc. The position is automatically determined, and the moving path (probe bus) between the probe 45 and the object 1 (corresponding shape figure) to be measured is determined. This is determined by the instruction of the guiding conditions of the probe 45.
This is carried out efficiently by using an intermediate passing plane such as the retract plane.In addition, different measurement evaluations can be carried out while sharing a partial movement path and improving work efficiency.In this case, the movement yarn path can be determined For this purpose, it is effective to use a probe motion simulation function that has an animation function.Visual confirmation can also be performed using the graphic display 12.

Further, since the automatic interference check function checks whether there is any interference between the probe 45 and the object to be measured 1, a movement path with high practical reliability can be established. In addition, the automatic interference check function can check the whole thing or step by step, and it is also designed to perform static and dynamic checks by visual confirmation, automatic calculation, etc., so it is possible to focus on important parts. can be checked efficiently.

In this way, the measurement procedure teaching means 1o utilizes the time-series management of measurement information data through the editing operation to change,
Edit the practical measurement information by deleting, inserting, etc., and then
If it is converted into commands for the processing system of the three-dimensional measuring machine in the AD database 26 and outputted via the post processor 29,
The control unit 52 that receives this can store the measurement procedure program, that is, teach the measurement procedure.

In this way, the three-dimensional measurement IIa 30 quickly and accurately measures the measurement object 1 based on the measurement procedure taught by the measurement procedure teaching means 10, which is created without manufacturing or using a reference measurement object or an actual measurement object. Can perform measurements and inspections.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the coordinate measuring machine 30 is configured to include the measurement procedure teaching means 10, and the measurement procedure teaching means 10 can perform the measurement procedure corresponding to the measurement object without using the reference measurement object. Because it can be prepared in advance, rapid and accurate measurements and inspections can be carried out without the excessive financial, time, and human resources burdens and inconveniences required in the past. This means that overall production efficiency can be dramatically improved even in high-mix, low-volume production, and that the spread of this type of three-dimensional measuring machine can be further expanded.

In addition, the measurement procedure teaching means 10 is formed of an input device 11 and a three-dimensional measurement support device W21, and is structured in a conversational manner using a display 12, etc., so that measurement information can be efficiently created, and the design process and processing It is structured so that the abstract graphical data of a commercially available CAD system that emphasizes the process can be used as basic data as is, so it is possible to achieve effective use of design data and to consistently and quickly complete the process from design to product completion. can.

Further, the three-dimensional measurement support device 21 is formed of a CAD part 22, a measurement part 24, etc., and the CAD part 22 can directly create a shape corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured from the design data. Moreover, since it can function independently of the measurement part 22, various three-dimensional shapes can be created at any time as long as design data is available. In addition, the measurement part 24 skillfully utilizes specific figures created with the CAD panito 22 to determine the measurement position, determine the movement path, and check for interference, so it is possible to ensure improved measurement accuracy and to ensure the shortest possible time. Time measurement can be achieved safely and reliably.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the measurement procedure teaching means 10 was configured separately and independently from the control device 51, but the point is that the measurement procedure teaching means 10 is configured separately and independently from the control device 51, but the point is that the measurement procedure program can be created using the reference measurement object without producing it. Since it is sufficient to provide a function for teaching information, both 10 and 51 may be formed integrally in terms of hardware configuration.

However, if formed as in the embodiment, the advantage is that it is easy to form a system that can perform measurement using the control device 51 and create measurement information corresponding to other measurement objects 1 separately and independently. have

Although the main body 31 is of a movable type with the stage 42, the present invention is applicable to any structure as long as the measuring element 45 and the object 1 to be measured are moved relative to each other in a three-dimensional direction for measurement. Ru. Incidentally, in the above embodiment, the probe 45 was provided integrally with the touch signal probe 44 as a detector, but in the case of an optical detector, it may be mechanical or contact like the optical axis. It is not limited to formulas. Furthermore, the present invention does not require a general-purpose CAD/CAM system as an essential component since it is sufficient to be able to input design data into the measurement procedure teaching means 10.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention has an excellent effect in that a measurement procedure program can be quickly and accurately created while generating a shape corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured without actually manufacturing the object to be measured.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the coordinate measuring machine according to the present invention, Fig. 2
Similarly, the figure is an external perspective view showing the overall configuration of the measurement procedure teaching means, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the input board of the input device, FIG. Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the method of generating shape figures in the CAD part, Figure 6 is an external view showing the shape figures generated by the combination method in the CAD part, and Figure 7 is the same (parametric figures in the CAD part). An explanatory diagram showing a method of generating shape figures based on functions,
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the external appearance of the probe and the object to be measured;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the exterior after replacement, corresponding to FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is an overall configuration diagram of a conventional three-dimensional measuring machine. 1... Measurement object, 10... Measurement procedure teaching means, 1
1... Input device, 21... Three-dimensional measurement support device, 2
2...CAD part, 24...Measurement part, 30.
... Three-dimensional measuring machine, 31... Main body, 45... Measuring head, 51... Control device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) The main body is formed so that the object to be measured and the measuring point can be moved relative to each other in a three-dimensional direction, and this main body is driven according to a predetermined procedure, and the amount of relative movement displacement between the object to be measured and the measuring point is utilized. In a three-dimensional measuring machine consisting of a control device that measures the shape and dimensions of an object to be measured, a CAD has a graphic processing function to convert design data and generate geometric data corresponding to the shape of the object to be measured. A three-dimensional measurement part that includes a part and a measurement part that generates measurement information for teaching the measurement procedure to be output to the control device based on the shape and figure data generated by this CAD part and taking measurement conditions into account. Equipped with a measurement procedure teaching means composed of a support device and an input device for setting and commanding the measurement conditions etc. to the three-dimensional measurement support device, the measurement procedure teaching means can be used to teach the measurement procedure of the measurement object even if there is no reference measurement object. A three-dimensional measuring machine characterized by being configured so that programs can be created.