JPS63201081A - Method of recycling industrial waste - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION - Industrial Application Fields This invention utilizes the residues of industrial wastes, such as basidiomycete mycelium, particularly Shiitake mushroom mycelium and Reishi mushroom mycelium, to extract active ingredients from the solid culture medium. , relates to a method for effectively using it as an organic fertilizer and/or soil conditioner in forestry.

・Conventional technology It is widely known that the mycelium of shiitake mushrooms and reishi mushrooms contain ingredients that are beneficial to the human body. The active ingredients are extracted and separated from the residue using methods such as pressurization or centrifugation, and used in health drinks, health foods, etc. However, the residue is simply treated as industrial waste, or
The only consideration was to use the small amount of residual mycelial active ingredients as a reuse source.

・Problem that the invention is trying to solve The above-mentioned residue is mainly vegetable-based! Since it is an organic substance such as fiber cords and contains a large amount of water, it tends to cause problems in terms of disposal as waste and where to dispose of it, and also requires a large amount of cost for Yaki 7JI treatment.

・Means for solving the problem The inventor first mixed paddy husk or bran in addition to the conventional culture medium of sawdust and rice bran, and added basidiomycete inoculum such as shiitake mushrooms or reishi mushrooms to this. We have invented and put into practical use a culture method that is superior to the conventional one by inoculating and propagating the mycelium, and an extraction method that efficiently extracts the active components of the mycelium by applying a low-humidity FIfjW1 drying process under reduced pressure to the medium after the mycelium has grown. , a patent has been applied for, discovered that the residue remaining after obtaining the active ingredients as an extract using this culture and extraction method also contained unique soluble and extractable components, and also discovered that insoluble cellulose We have discovered that residual components such as mycelia are decomposed during mycelium growth to be used as nutrients for mycelia, and that cellulose and other substances are decomposed into lower molecular weight substances and regenerated, thereby possessing various useful properties. In particular, the residues produced by decomposition and containing substances with lower molecular weights can not only supply valuable substances to the soil, but also act on soil particles because various decomposition products contain substances with various molecular weights that are sticky. The present invention has been completed by discovering that the present invention has soil improving effects such as promoting the formation of aggregate structures in combination with the growth activity of microorganisms due to the addition of organic matter.

- This invention will be explained in detail below.

The residue after room temperature to mild temperature extraction of a culture of the active ingredient of basidiomycete mycelium, such as shiitake mushroom or reishi, using sawdust, rice bran, and rice husk and/or bran as a medium, is compared with that obtained by other extraction methods. It has the following characteristics.

(1) Since this is a highly efficient extraction method using relatively low-humidity dry water to extract only the active ingredients of mycelium with few impurities, it is possible to extract resin components in the culture medium and other substances contained in rice bran, rice husks, and bran that are dissolved by high-temperature water. Many useful components remain in the residue, and these contain a large amount of various useful components and are as effective as the small amount of remaining mycelial active components.

(2) Culture of mycelia in the solid medium described above is extremely suitable for the growth of mycelium, so medium Ll
The material is also significantly decomposed and modified by mycelium, and the resulting residue contains various useful components in a usable state. The main substances include lignin, pectin and their decomposition products as wood 11 resin components, various fat-soluble vitamins contained in rice bran and bran, and various other substances including silicon derived from rice husk and bran, especially rice husk. Contains mineral components.

(3) The almost completely decomposed and modified wood cellulose components mentioned above and the components in other substances used as a culture medium are:
Even as an insoluble component, it has many useful properties, and is particularly suitable for the growth of other fungi, so it is highly effective as a soil conditioner and fertilizer in the sense of promoting the growth of soil bacteria. .

Due to the above-mentioned properties, it not only provides various useful organic substances to soils that are deficient in organic substances due to heavy use of chemical fertilizers, but also provides various types of organic substances that are easily available to plants as a result of the multiplication action of mycelium. Mineral components, especially Si, M
It is useful as a fertilizer because it contains components such as n and Mg.

In addition, as mentioned in (3) above, the medium that has been almost completely decomposed by the mycelium has been decomposed and denatured up to m5ii, so in the natural world soil bacteria take a long time to return it to the soil. It has already broken down to a certain level the wood materials that are currently in use.

In particular, in this respect, it must be said that the ease of use of soil bacteria is significantly higher than that using bagasse or the like as a medium.

For this reason, when used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner, it is an excellent nutrient for plants, and is also useful in agriculture because it acts as a medium and allows soil bacteria to proliferate easily. It is highly effective as a fertilizer for organic farming that is closer to nature, and also promotes the decomposition of harmful substances in the soil that accumulate due to the repeated use of chemical fertilizers due to the proliferation of soil bacteria. It is also highly effective as an improver for soil chemical properties.

When used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner, the above-mentioned residue may be used as it is after being air-dried, but it may also be used in the form of powder, granules, or dumplings depending on the conditions of use. It may also be used as a compound fertilizer by mixing it with other fertilizers, such as chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. Of course, other organic fertilizers, such as bedding, may be directly absorbed into the fertilizer of the present invention and used.

When used as a fertilizer according to the present invention, the residue (same as for air-drying) is 0.25 to 1 per 17 rL2, OK9
When used as a soil conditioner, it is sufficient to apply 0.1 to 0.5 kg per 11 rL2.

Deep layer or sublayer application is preferable for improving fields where chemical fertilizers have been applied repeatedly, so in that case, the above-mentioned IJ and fertilizer will be used in large quantities.

Next, some usage examples will be explained regarding the effects of the usage method according to the present invention, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited by these usage methods, crops, etc.

The residue according to the present invention was applied to persimmons and pears at a rate of 1 kg/m2 from January to February and observed throughout the year, and the resulting fruits had a high viscosity, for example, 13% for persimmons and 11% for pears. %, whereas in control persimmons and pears to which the fertilizer of the present invention was not applied, the percentages were 11% and 9.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the color
The luster and growth rate have also clearly improved compared to the past.

Furthermore, when 0.5Ny per TrL2 was applied to tomatoes, the applied tomato fruits had good taste and elasticity of 5%.
It was rich. 0.25Ky per 1m2 for cabbage
When I used M, the shape of the head was good and the taste was good.

In addition, it goes without saying that similar effects can be obtained in horticulture and forestry, and for horticulture, we specifically asked four bonsai enthusiasts to use C as a moss substitute for leaf mold throughout the year.
We observed over 00 pots of plants, and found that all of them had glossy leaves and a marked improvement in vigor.

As described above, the residue obtained by extracting the effective components of mycelium using relatively low-temperature water can be used completely effectively compared to other culture media and other extraction methods.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Basidiomycete mycelium is grown in a solid culture medium made of sawdust, rice bran, and rice bran, and the active ingredients are extracted by boiling and drying at low humidity and using lukewarm water to produce health drinks, health foods, etc., and their raw materials. A method of using the residue as fertilizer and soil conditioner for agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.