JPS63197526A - Kneader with radial kneading clearance - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The invention relates to a kneading machine for carrying out mechanical and thermal processes of flowable and/or viscous-based products, often horizontally with a cylindrical casing and a rotating heating and cooling kneading stirrer coaxial with the casing axis, the kneading action is achieved by a relatively moving kneading device, which on the one hand radially and axially In kneading machines which are designed as distributed plate elements on the one hand, and on the other hand as mating devices between the radial planes of the plate elements, the counter devices between the plate surfaces are arranged in front and behind each other, in each case a pair of It consists of a kneading element, which transports the product from one plate surface to another and returns it, each time passing through a radial kneading gap, which kneading gap is in contact with the kneading surface of the kneading element and the plate surface. characterized in that the kneading device which is formed and rotates together with the stirring shaft is equipped with a suitable conveying rod or special conveying elements are fixed on the stirring shaft in order to convey the product axially through the device. This invention relates to a kneading machine.

[Conventional technology]

Other kneading machines are known from the prior art, such as those described, for example, in German patent no. 2 349 106 or in Swiss patent no. 410 789. In this case, a radial plate element is fixed on the kneader shaft, which plate element is cleaned by a kneading partner element fixed in the casing. In DE 2 349 106, the kneading elements fixed in the housing are hook-shaped. In this case, an axial crosstalk gap is formed between the first part of the kneading hook, which is guided substantially parallel to the inner wall of the casing, and the inner wall of the casing. The product is pressed through this kneading gap in order to perform a kneading action by means of a conveying and kneading rod which is fixed approximately axially to the outer circumference of the plate element.

This kneading gap only acts when the axial conveying rod passes through the kneading gap on the plate, that is to say 3-4 times per revolution, depending on the number of kneading bars.

The radial parts rotating parallel to the plate, the cross-over hooks and the hook parts tangential to the shaft do not contribute significantly to the actual kneading action, but only for cleaning the plate elements. The kneading action in the case of this patent is particularly concentrated in the axial kneading gap and there for a short period of time during which the kneading rod passes through the kneading gap.

In the case of Swiss Patent No. 410,789, the kneading effect of the radial kneading pins is practically negligible. This is because the kneading pin is a cleaning device for the plate surface, and in addition, the reciprocating kneading shaft allows the radial pin to contact the plate surface only for a short time.

[Summary of the invention]

In the present invention, the limited kneading action in the case of the short-acting kneading gap of the prior patents is increased many times in the following manner. In other words, by specially forming a pair of kneading elements provided at the front and rear, and by processing the product strongly along the plate surface even in the radial kneading gap and over a long stroke per rotation of the kneading shaft, The kneading action is increased many times.

The above principle is achieved by two different motion modes.

In one embodiment, the plates are fixed to the casing and the kneading element rotates between the plates together with the shaft. In other embodiments, the plate element rotates with the shaft and the kneading element is fixed to the casing.

〔Example〕

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings.

1, 2 and 3 show an embodiment of a continuously operating kneader. In the case of this kneader, plate or disc elements are fixed in the casing,
And the kneading and conveying element is rotated by the stirring shaft. The working chamber is divided longitudinally into a casing 1, 2.3 and an outlet casing 4. These casings are bolted together by flanges 5. The outer flange 6.7 is connected to the end wall of the casing containing the packing box 8.9. All casing parts are provided with a heated outer wall 10, as can be seen in the longitudinal section of the casing 3 in FIG. This heating outer wall connecting tube is not shown for clarity. Furthermore, 11 is an inflow pipe, 1
2 is an outflow pipe, 13 is a pipe for discharging generated steam, 14 is an observation opening, and 15 is a discharge pipe for the different casing parts.

The plate elements fixedly connected to the casing are distributed over the entire length of the kneader at regular intervals.

Two plate elements 16, 17 are provided in each plate plane. Between the plate elements, an axial passage 18 is formed in the lower part. The plate elements are partially welded to the casing or clamped between the flanges 5. However, the plate 19 clamped between the housing part 3 and the outlet casing 4 is designed as a weir plate without an axial passage. This upper overflow edge of the weir plate 19 serves to maintain a predetermined filling height in the kneader.

The stirrer consists of a central tube 20. Journals 21, 22 are welded to both sides of this central tube. This is done in the bearing bodies 25, 25 of the bearing louvers 23, 24 of the journal.

The journal is driven by an electric motor (not shown) via a belt pulley 27 and a reduction gear 28. 29
is equipped with a seal head for supplying and discharging a heating medium for heating the stirring shaft and kneading elements.

Inside the outlet casing 4, the stirrer is equipped with a frame-shaped stirring element 38. This stirring element cleans the outflow casing and moves the product into the outflow tube 12.

FIG. 3 is a developed view of the lower casing half in one plane. In this case, all parts are circle V-Vl in Fig. 2.
is cut along. A pair of kneading elements welded to the stirrer moves between the heated plate surfaces, each with a plate element 16, 17. This kneading element is equipped with a kneading blade 30.33 consisting of a feed section 31 or 34 and a kneading surface in a kneading gap 32.35.The stirring shaft with 0 revolutions is further equipped with a conveying element 36 with a conveying rod 37. is fixed. Due to its helical inclination, this conveyor rod conveys the product from the inlet pipe 11 through the channel opening 18 in the plate plane to the outlet section.

To carry out the process, the product to be processed is metered into the inlet pipe 11 . The product passes through the device and is subjected to a heat treatment, for example a heat treatment. In many processes, viscosity-paste softening is achieved very quickly by good mixing in the inflow zone and by supplying heat. This phase subsequently transforms into a fluid phase by evaporation of volatile substances.

The final product falls over the weir plate 19 into the rad 4 to the outflow and is discharged from there. When softening the viscosity base,
The product must undergo strong treatment, that is, a kneading process as strong as possible. This is achieved by the construction of the kneading elements, best seen in the exploded view of FIG. The kneading elements 30, 33 arranged one behind the other form pairs. Seen in the direction of rotation, the first kneading element 30 deflects the product away from the first plate surface by means of the scraped edge 31 and guides it into the kneading gap. This kneading gap is the second part of the opposing plate element.
and the kneading surface 32 of the kneading element 30.

In this radial kneading gap, the viscous product is subjected to strong shear forces, as is known. The product coming out of this kneading gap is transferred from the opposing plate to the kneading element 3 arranged at the rear.
It is captured by the scraped portion 3) 34 of No. 3 and guided to the second kneading gap. This kneading gap is formed by the kneading surface 35 and the aforementioned first plate surface. In this process,
In reality, all of the material is captured and guided from one plate surface to the other under a strong conveying action in the space between the two plate surfaces, and at the same time is subjected to strong shearing forces within the kneading gap between the two plates. exposed. Any steam or gas generated is discharged via pipe 13. During the process, transport rods 36, 37 transport the product through the machine. The final product is captured in the outflow casing and is captured in the outflow tube 1 by an agitation element 38.
It is discharged from 2. In this case, special extrusion elements are installed when the product is in a viscous-pasty state.

The cross-section of FIG. 4 corresponds to the cross-section of FIG. 2, but shows other agitator arrangements. This arrangement allows easy removal of the casing for cleaning. The kneading element 30.33 is located above the plate elements 16, 17 in the open cross section, while the conveying element 36.37 is arranged in the channel 18 between the two plate elements 16.17.

With this arrangement, the casing can be removed without difficulty.

A given product tends to be subjected to strong compression within the kneading gap. In particular, it tends to undergo strong compressive effects when passing from a viscous-paste softening to a fluid phase. For such products, it has been found that it is advantageous to provide elongated strip-shaped load-reducing slits on the kneading surface as shown in FIG. This slit is provided in the crosstalk element 40 along a circular orbit. On the other hand, the kneading element 41 has a slit inclined with respect to the circular orbit.

In FIGS. 6 and 7, a rod 43 as a conveying element is fixed to the outer periphery of the kneading element 42. In FIG.

This conveying element is arranged along and at a narrow distance from the inner wall of the casing and conveys the substance axially forward by its angle. The second kneading element 44 following the kneading element pair is in this example without a conveyor rod. A plate element in the form of a vertical semicircular plate is provided in the plate plane. 46 is an arrow in the direction of movement of the kneading elements between the plates 45. On the other hand, arrow 47 indicates the axial movement of the product. This arrangement of the transport rods makes it possible to accommodate several pairs of kneading elements in the two plate planes or to accommodate additional transport elements for returning the product. The kneading element 50.52 shown in the exploded view in FIG. 8 shows an elastic embodiment of the kneading surface 51.53. The kneading pressure is thereby automatically adjusted within predetermined limits.

The effect of the radial gap in the plate surface can be strengthened by forming an axial kneading gap 54 between the inner periphery of the casing 55 and the outer periphery of the kneading element, as shown in the longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. Can be done.

For this purpose, the distance between the outer circumference of the kneading element 56 and the inner surface of the casing 55 is increased in the radial direction, and the outer edge of the kneading element 56 is formed obliquely so that a conical kneading gap is formed. has been done. This longitudinal cross-sectional view further shows
The transport rod 36°37 is shown.

The different embodiments of plate elements and kneading elements can be combined in various ways. There are many possible combinations of materials. For many products, it is advantageous to coat the kneading elements with synthetic resins or to form them solely from synthetic resins. This is because, in particular, the coefficient of friction between the kneading elements and the product is reduced.

If several kneading elements are provided in pairs in the space between two plate surfaces, the scraped edges may be provided with teeth, which in each case overlap with the teeth of the scraped edges of other kneading elements. They must be formed so that they overlap, thereby scraping the entire surface.

FIG. 11 shows the flanged casing part 60.61.6 together with the cross-sectional view of FIGS. 12, 13 and 14.
2 shows a three-part structure. This housing part likewise has a flanged outlet housing 63.

For complete cleaning, first the outlet casing 63 together with the louver 64 is removed, and then the agitator is brought into the position corresponding to FIG. 12. In this position, the casing 62 is first removed.

Subsequently, the stirrer is rotated approximately 120@ to reach the position of FIG. 12 and to be able to disassemble the casing 61. This process is repeated and the stirring shaft is rotated once more until the casing 60 can be removed. Stirrer position 120 in each casing
When rotated by @, the drive unit is added uniformly.

It has been found advantageous for various processes to return part of the product from the outlet to the inlet. This objective is achieved in that a plurality of conveying elements are incorporated, at least one of which is inclined to convey the material backwards, ie towards the inlet pipe. In FIG. 15, the plate elements correspond to the embodiment of FIG.

However, in addition to the kneading elements 16.17 and the transport rods 36.37, a return transport rod 65.66 is provided.

The amount of product returned can be adjusted by suitably selecting the inclination of the conveying element 66.

Product return is also greatly improved by tilting the device. For this purpose, the device is tilted so that the product going from the inflow pipe to the outflow pipe has to overcome the slope. Furthermore, if the outflow pipe is slanted downward,
Good evacuation of the machine is possible.

The machine shown in FIG. 16 shows a fundamentally different implementation of the kneading principle. In the case of this machine, the plate element 70 heated in a device that operates depending on the charge is connected to the kneading shaft 71.
The kneading shaft rotates with the kneading shaft. A conveying rod 72 is fixed to the outer periphery of the plate element. A cross section of this machine is shown in FIG. The kneading elements 73, 74 are fixed to the flange lid of the casing 75. In this case, the casing 7 is placed on the side of the kneading blade support part 76,77.
5 and the outer periphery of the kneading element 73, through which the conveying rod 72 passes, in addition to the kneading action within the radial kneading gap, the kneading element 73 also performs a kneading action within the axial kneading gap. This results in an axial kneading action. Cylindrical casing 75
is equipped with a heating outer wall 78 and a flange. An end plate with a packing box and a bearing louver with a bearing are flanged to this outer wall.

In order to uniformly load the drive with shear forces, the kneading elements are also arranged at different angles in the individual casings in this embodiment.

In this case, the transport bar is adjusted in such a way that transport takes place from the outer end wall to the center in the outer casing. The material conveyed therein is returned to the end wall in the upper part of the machine.

This circulation ensures a good exchange of products within the container.

Another continuous machine embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. This kneader is characterized in that it vibrates in the axial direction in addition to rotating the kneading shaft. The axial vibrations are produced by two hydraulically actuated piston drives 80, 81 and are transmitted rotation-independently to the kneading shaft 83 by means of a bridge. In order to be able to move the shaft, the axial outer dimension of the kneading elements must be smaller than the spacing of the plate planes by a suitable dimension, the advantage of such a structure is that the mass transfer is large and the kneading Its strength lies in its ability to easily adapt it to products and processes. The rest of this embodiment is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 1, which has already been described in detail. Electric motor 86. (2) A drive device including a belt drive device 87 and a reduction gear device 88 is mounted cantilevered on a shaft so that it vibrates together.

If necessary, the face plate and the kneading elements in contact with the product can be heated and cooled.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an overall view of a continuously operating kneader with the casing partially cut away along line I-n in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is a general view of the kneader in FIG. cross-sectional view, 3rd
The figure is a developed view of the lower half of the kneading machine in Figure 2 taken along the arc V-VI, and Figure 4 shows the agitator in the required position to remove the casing, as shown in Figure 1. In-
■A cross-sectional view along the line; Figure 5 is a diagram showing a kneading element with a load release slit on the kneading surface; Figure 6 is a semicircular view perpendicular to the conveyor rod placed on the kneading element; 7 is a cross-sectional view of a kneading machine having an annular plate, and FIG. 7 is a developed view of the lower half of the cross-section in FIG.
The figure shows a developed view similar to figure 7 in which the kneading surface of the kneading element is elastically formed, figure 9 is a partial vertical sectional view of a kneader with separate conveyor rods and axial and directional kneading gaps, Fig. 10 is a plan view of the conveyor rod, Fig. 11 is an overall view of the kneading machine with three flanged casing parts and an outflow casing, and Fig. 12 is taken along line IX-X in Fig. 11. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the inlet casing, and FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the central casing portion of the kneading machine of FIG.
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the casing outlet section along the line XII [-XIV of the kneading machine of figure 11, and figure 15 is a similar to figure 1 with a second conveyor rod for returning the product. The cross-sectional view of the kneading machine, FIG. 16, is taken along the line xv-xvt of FIG. 17 is a partial vertical sectional view taken along XIX-XX of the kneading machine shown in FIG. 16.
A cross-sectional view along a line, FIG. 18, shows a continuously operating kneader similar to FIG. 1, with additional vibration of the kneading shaft. 1, 2. 3. 6.0. 61. 62... Casing, 16.17... Plate element, 18... Passage opening, 20... Central pipe, 30, 33. 42, 4
4.50, 52.56.73.74...kneading element,
32.35...kneading gap, 36.43.66...
Conveying element, 37.65... Conveying rod, 38... Stirring element, 51.53... Kneading surface agent Patent attorney Hikaru Esaki Good agent Patent attorney Hikaru Esaki Fumito jOj/ Fig 12 Fig, 13F
ig, 14b Fig, 15 Procedural correction power (hotaru

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A kneading machine for carrying out mechanical and thermal processes of fluid and/or viscous pasty products, comprising a heating and cooling casing and a rotation coaxial with the casing axis. Equipped with a kneading agitator that can be heated and cooled,
The kneading action is achieved by a relatively moving kneading device, which kneading device is formed on the one hand as a radially and axially distributed plate element and on the other hand as a counter device between the radial planes of the plate element. In the kneading machine,
The mating devices between the plate surfaces each consist of at least one pair of kneading elements, the first kneading element receiving the product from the first plate surface and guiding it into a radial kneading gap, which kneading gap The second kneading element, which is formed in mirror image symmetry, is arranged at the rear, and the first radial kneading gap for receiving the product exiting from and directing it into the radial kneading gap between the kneading surface of the second kneading element and the first kneading surface for conveying the product axially through the device; Kneader, characterized in that the kneading device rotating together with the stirring shaft is equipped with a suitable conveying rod or special conveying elements are fixed to the stirring shaft. 2. A kneading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the leading edge of the kneading element is formed as a scraped edge, which scraped edge passes as close as possible to the plate surface. 3. The kneading machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plate inside the cylindrical casing and the kneading element are fixed on a rotating agitator. 4. Any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least the kneading surface of the kneading element has a band-like or other passage opening to reduce the kneading pressure in the kneading gap. One of the kneading machines mentioned. 5. A plurality of pairs of kneading elements are arranged in the kneading chamber between the two plate surfaces and are complementary with respect to the covering of the kneading surfaces and/or the scraped edges. The kneading machine according to any one of Items 1 to 4. 6. The kneading element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least a part of the kneading element is made of or coated with a synthetic resin. Kneading machine. 7. The kneading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the kneading surface of the kneading element is formed elastically. 8. A patent claim characterized in that at least one kneading element between the two plate surfaces is provided on its outer periphery with an axially extending conveyor rod that is inclined with respect to the axial generatrix of the casing. The kneading machine according to any one of the ranges 1 to 7. 9. By forming the kneading element into a wedge shape, an axial kneading gap is provided at the outer periphery in addition to a radial kneading gap between the cylindrical casing and the kneading element. , a kneading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. Two plate elements are provided in the plate plane, and between these plate elements, on the lower side, a passage hole is provided for the axial transport of the product, and on the upper side, a passage hole is provided for gas discharge. Claim 1, characterized in that
The kneading machine according to any one of Items 9 to 9. 11. Plate elements with passage openings are provided at the top and bottom, and the other half of the casing cross section is open for the axial passage of the product and the gas, claim 1. The kneading machine according to any one of Items 1 to 9. 12. From claim 1, characterized in that the plate element as a half-closed annular plate is formed in the lower half of the casing cross-section with a passage opening in the lower region. The kneading machine according to any one of items 9 to 9. 13. Claim characterized in that openings are provided in the plane of the plate so that the casing part can be removed through the kneading element and the conveying element mounted on the stirrer shaft without being disturbed in each case. The kneading machine according to any one of the ranges 1 to 12. 14. The casings are comprised of a plurality of casings removably flanged to each other, and within each casing,
14. Kneader according to claim 1, characterized in that kneading elements are provided for uniform force distribution at different angular positions. 15. The kneading element is attached to the cylindrical casing such that the plate is fixed to the agitator shaft and rotates together with the agitator shaft, and an axial kneading gap is formed between the inner wall of the casing and the kneading element on both sides of the narrow support. The plate is fixed to a short support within the plate, and the product is pushed through the kneading gap by a conveying rod provided axially, the conveying rod being fixed to the outer periphery of the plate. A kneading machine according to scope 1. 16. characterized in that, in at least the continuously operating machine, in addition to the conveying element for conveying from the inlet to the outlet, a conveying element is provided for conveying in the opposite direction for partially returning the product. A kneading machine according to claim 1. 17. The kneading machine according to claim 1 or 15, characterized in that the longitudinal axis is inclined or tiltable. 18. The stirring shaft, together with the kneading elements and the conveyor rod, in addition to rotation, performs an axial vibration movement up to approximately half the axial distance between the plate surfaces, so that the axial dimension of the paired kneading elements is 18. A kneading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the kneading machine is selected to allow directional movements.