JPS63186170A - Angle measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify an antenna system by acquiring and receiving a radiation radio wave from a target through a spherical lens made of a dielectric. CONSTITUTION:Radio waves of plural preset frequencies are acquired and received through the spherical lens 1 to form reception focuses (b) and (c), and (b') and (c') at different symmetrical positions at each reception frequency. Antenna elements 2-1, 3-1, 3-2, and 2-2 are arranged at those focus positions and the radio waves acquired through the lens 1 are divided into two groups. They are coupled mutually through directional couplers 4-1 and 4-2 and outputted to logarithmic amplifiers 5-1 and 5-2. Then a target angle calculator 6 demultiplexes plural frequency components from the outputs of the amplifiers 5-1 and 5-2 and then measures the azimuth angle or elevation angle of the target from the level ratio of a couple of outputs of each demultiplexing frequency as to plural frequencies. Thus, the radio waves of plural frequencies sent by the target are acquired through the lens 1 to calculate the azimuth angle and elevation angle, thereby simplifying the constitution of the antenna system extremely.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an angle measurement device, and in particular, to an angle measurement device that is mounted on a flying object such as a guided missile to capture the radio waves emitted by the target and to track the entire target. The present invention relates to an angle measuring device that measures azimuth angles and vertical angles.

[Conventional technology]

Mounted on a flying object such as a guided missile, it receives radio waves from a target that emits radio waves of multiple frequencies via the symmetrical directivity of the antenna, and determines the target's azimuth or angle based on the pair of reception level ratios obtained. Angle measuring devices that calculate vertical angles and provide this as tracking information are well known.

The third factor is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional angle measuring device. The angle measuring device shown in FIG. 3 takes the case of measuring the azimuth of a target as an example, and antennas 7 are arranged with their respective reception reference directions offset by 10 and -0 from each other with respect to the reception reference direction. -1 and 7-2, antennas 7-1 and 7
Logarithmic amplifier 5 as a broadband amplifier receiving an output of −2
-1 and 5-2, and a target angle calculator 8.

For example, antennas 7-1 and 7-2, which use relatively wide-band antennas such as spiral antennas, have reception directivity of 701° and 702 with almost the same beam width, centered on the 10 and -0 directions. do.

Now, in the direction of the arrow, 10. If the radiated radio waves of the target in the direction are captured, the level of power received by the antenna 7-1.7-2 corresponds to pl, p.

This level ratio is clearly 10. In other words, it changes depending on the azimuth angle of the target.

The output of the antenna 7-1.7-2 is supplied to the target angle calculator 8 after being amplified to a predetermined value by a wideband amplifier such as a logarithmic amplifier 5-1.5-2.

The target angle calculator 8 calculates the output level difference of the logarithmic amplifiers 5-1 and 5-2, that is, the level ratio of both outputs, and calculates the target azimuth 10 from this. Calculate. This calculation can be easily determined based on the frequency of the received radio waves and the reception directivity measured in advance. The upper and lower angles can also be determined in substantially the same manner.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In the above-mentioned conventional angle measuring device of this building, the level ratio of the received signal obtained through each of the mutually symmetrically formed receiving directivity corresponds to the azimuth or up-down angle of the receiving direction,
The angle can be determined regardless of the incoming radio wave intensity itself.

However, there is a drawback in that a total of four antennas, two antennas each, are required to measure the azimuth or the vertical angle, resulting in an enormous antenna system configuration.

In addition, if you are trying to select an antenna with less frequency dependence in order to widen the receiving frequency band for the operational purpose of measuring the direction of a target that emits radio waves of multiple frequencies, this problem will occur. This means that the degree of freedom of the beam width of the reception directivity is also significantly limited, and therefore, there is a disadvantage that the degree of freedom of angle measurement accuracy is also inevitably limited.

Furthermore, when using this FI11 angle device in all devices, there is a drawback that a radome is required to accommodate the antenna system, which is not limited to electronic devices.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and to provide means for capturing and receiving target radiated radio waves through a spherical lens made of a dielectric material, thereby significantly simplifying the structure of the antenna system. It is an object of the present invention to provide an angle measuring device in which the degree of freedom in rough and precise measurements is significantly increased by the differential use of the angle measuring device, and furthermore, a radome is not required.

[Failure to solve the problem]

The angle measuring device of the present invention is installed on a flying object such as a guided missile and measures the azimuth angle and up/down angle of a target by calculating the reception level ratio based on the symmetric reception directivity of the antenna. ′ of multiple frequencies to be set
a spherical lens that captures waves and forms reception focal points at different symmetrical positions for each receiving frequency; an antenna element, and a pair of directional couplers that divides the outputs of the plurality of antenna elements into two groups located symmetrically to each other and fully couples and outputs the respective groups;
a pair of wideband amplifiers that amplify the output of the pair of directional couplers; and a pair of outputs for each frequency after demultiplexing the plurality of frequency components from the outputs of the pair of wideband amplifiers. The apparatus includes a target angle calculator that calculates the target azimuth angle or vertical angle for each of the plurality of frequencies from the level ratio.

〔Example〕

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a spherical lens 1 made of a dielectric material, an antenna element 2 for a temporary high frequency band, and a spherical lens 1 made of a dielectric material.
1 and 2-2, low frequency antenna elements 3-1 and 3-2, directional couplers 4-1 and 4-2, logarithmic amplifiers 5-1 and 5-2, and target angle calculator 6. It consists of

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is illustrative of the case where the azimuth angle of the target is measured, but the measurement of the vertical angle is basically completely the same.

The spherical lens 1 is a so-called Luneberg Lune-be.
rg) It is a dielectric sphere configured as a lens, and all incident plane waves are focused on the spherical optical surface in the extending direction connecting the incident center direction and the spherical center, no matter from which direction. In the example of FIG.
The beams incident at points C and b' and centered on the incident direction of C and C' are given a lens effect such that they are focused on C and C', respectively. It is well known that such characteristics can be easily expressed by imparting a force to the spherical lens 1 with a predetermined rate of change as a function of the distance from its center to its surface.

The antenna elements 3-1 and 3-2 for high frequency band are each
When focused, the radio wave focused on b' is converted into an electric signal, and low frequency narrow band antenna elements 2-3 and 2-4 are focused on A, respectively.
The plans imaged on C and C' are converted into electrical signals and output. When focused, bZ c and C' are at symmetrical positions,
Also, the incident direction B of the incoming radio waves forming these focal points,
Assuming that B', c, and c' are the center directions of the preset high-frequency receiving directivity and low-frequency receiving directivity of the spherical lens 1, respectively, the relationship between these incident directions and the focal point is as shown in Figure 2. .

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the spherical lens 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. The transmission and reception directivity by the spherical lens 1 changes depending on the aperture length of the projection surface or the receiving surface, that is, the size of the sphere.If the aperture is the same, it will be a narrow beam at high frequencies and a wide beam at low frequencies, depending on the frequency. Become.

In the case of Life 2, the left hemisphere of the spherical lens 1 is the receiving aperture, and the frequency mantissa of the radio wave emitted by the target to be captured by this aperture is two high and low frequencies, f and f.

The spherical lens 1 receives and blocks the high frequency wave f1 with a pair of high frequency reception directivity 101 and 102 formed symmetrically in the direction of ±01 from the reception reference direction.

Also, for low frequency f, the spherical lens 1 is θ! from the receiving reference direction. A pair of low frequency receivers (8 directivity 103, 104) are formed symmetrically in the direction of .

These two pairs of reception directivity are designed to cross each other at a certain level lower than the peak level of the directivity in the reception reference direction, and the low frequency and reception directivity 103, 1
In the 04'fA range, the angular measurement range is wide although the phase shift is low, and in the high frequency receiving directivity region of 101°102, the angular measurement range is narrow but the angle measurement accuracy is still high and reception is possible.

The received signals captured by such n1 pairs of high and low frequency reception directivity provide all the angle measurement information for the two conventional examples shown in the third peak, and these are transmitted to the directional coupler 4-1. .4-
2 to the 1st notification device 5-1 and 5-2, respectively. In this way, the output of the antenna element placed at the focal point formed at symmetrical positions is divided into 2 #s, and each is amplified over a wide band using a logarithmic amplifier via a directional coupler. coarse measurements over an angular range;
This enables reception that also has the characteristics of precise measurement in a rather narrow angular range. In this case, it is of course possible to initially perform reception in a wide angular range, recognize the target, and then switch to reception in a narrow angular range.
- It is also clear that the method can be used as is and the means for measuring the upper and lower angles can be implemented with almost the same contents as in FIG.

The outputs of the logarithmic amplifiers 5-1 and 5-2 are supplied to the target angle calculator 6 and subjected to demultiplexing processing into fl and f, respectively.

The components are separated and output. After this, change the level ratio to J”I+
f! The angle measurement data at each frequency is obtained. This output is used as data for target determination and becomes a control signal for the actuator of the flying object.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, angle measurement of azimuth angle was used as an example, and a patent was described which featured two high and low frequencies of fl and f2, but this is merely an embodiment of the present invention, and this modification is also applicable. Possible ridge species.

For example, the frequencies used may be two or more,
The number of beams may be 4 or more.

Taking the case of FIG. 1 as an example, this can be determined based on the number of antenna elements that can be arranged in the right hemisphere of the dielectric lens 1.

Further, as mentioned above, in addition to measuring the azimuth angle shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible to easily measure the vertical angle by using a spherical lens.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the frequencies used are two high and low frequencies, fl and fl, but instead of this, fl and f,
It is obvious that it would be easy to treat the center frequencies of the predetermined high and low frequencies as being equal to each other.

Although a Runeberg type spherical lens is primarily used in this embodiment, other types of spherical lenses, such as a regular type spherical lens, may also be used. Although it is used with a hemisphere sticking out in the air, this special radome is an annual bond because the spherical lens itself can also function as a radome.

All of the above modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Both can be easily implemented.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, in an angle measurement device mounted on a flying object and which performs radio waves emitted by a target by calculating a reception level ratio using symmetric reception directivity, multiple frequencies emitted by the target are measured through a spherical lens. By providing a means to capture radio waves and calculate their azimuth and vertical angle, the configuration of the antenna system can be significantly simplified, and the configuration of the spherical lens can be
It is possible to receive multiple frequencies with a single antenna aperture, and the directivity of the receiving beam can be selected depending on the size of the magazine body lens.
This has the advantage that it is possible to switch between precise measurements, and furthermore, it is possible to realize an angle measuring device in which a part of the spherical lens can be used as a radome.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the angle measuring device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the spherical lens l shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional angle measuring device. 1... Spherical lens, 2-1.2-2...
・Antenna element for high frequency band, 3-1.3-2...
...Antenna element for low frequency band, 4-1.4-2...
... Directional coupler, 5-1.5-2 ... Logarithmic amplifier, 6 ... Target angle calculator, 7-1.7-
2. Old antenna, 8. Target angle calculator. Agent Patent Attorney Susumu Uchihara\'i''.
Figure S-/, 5-2----Ichita measure amplification Tanime 3 Figure

Claims (1)

[Claims] In an angle measuring device mounted on a flying object such as a guided missile, which measures the azimuth angle and vertical angle of a target by calculating a reception level ratio based on the symmetric reception directivity of an antenna, the angle measurement device is set in advance. A spherical lens made of a dielectric material that captures radio waves of multiple frequencies and forms a reception focus at a different symmetrical position for each reception frequency, and a spherical lens that is placed at the reception focus and converts the captured radio waves through the spherical lens into an electrical signal. a plurality of antenna elements that convert and output; a pair of directional couplers that divide the outputs of the plurality of antenna elements into two groups located symmetrically to each other and combine and output the respective groups; and the pair of directional couplers. a pair of wideband amplifiers that amplify the output of the
A goal of demultiplexing the plurality of frequency components from the outputs of the pair of broadband amplifiers, and then measuring the target azimuth or vertical angle for each of the plurality of frequencies from the level ratio of the pair of outputs for each demultiplexed frequency. An angle measuring device comprising: an angle calculator.