JPS6316557B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial applications TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a shaft excavator.

Conventional technology and its problems As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, conventional pit excavators include those that can excavate continuously using a screw cutter 1, and those that can excavate intermittently using a crumb bucket 2. There is something to dig. By the way, these excavators only have the digging function;
For example, if the ground is hard, there is no problem, but if the ground is soft, the earth and sand will collapse during excavation, making it impossible to use such an excavator.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a pit excavator capable of excavating a pit even in soft ground.

Structure of the Invention In order to achieve the above object, the vertical hole excavator of the present invention supports an elevating frame on a support body so as to be freely movable up and down,
A cylindrical casing is vertically supported on the elevating frame, and a cylindrical body is detachably provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical casing, and a screw blade for transporting earth and sand is provided inside the cylindrical casing, which is rotated by a rotary drive device. , a support shaft passing through the rotating shaft of the screw blade is provided, and a lifting device is connected to the upper end of the support shaft, and a first cutter bit is provided at the lower end for drilling a hole having approximately the same diameter as the cylindrical casing. A second cutter bit is swingably supported on the outer periphery of the cutter head via a horizontal support pin, and an inner end of the second cutter bit is connected to the screw blade side, and the support shaft is raised and lowered. The outer end of the second cutter bit is configured to swing between an excavation position for excavating a hole having approximately the same diameter as the cylindrical body and a retracted position inward of the outer diameter of the cylindrical casing. This is what I did.

Embodiment and Operation An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 8. In this embodiment, a case will be described in which a pit excavator is attached to a work vehicle.
Reference numeral 11 denotes a vertical guide column (an example of a support) that is supported on the rear loading platform 12a of the working vehicle 12 via a horizontal support pin 13, and a pair of first hydraulic cylinders 14, 14' are provided on the left and right sides of the rear loading platform 12a. This makes it possible to tilt freely in the vertical plane. Reference numeral 15 denotes a casing (an example of an elevating frame) that supports the excavator main body of the vertical hole excavator, and is held by the guide column 11 so as to be able to rise and fall. That is, the guide column 11
Racks 16, 16' are attached to both sides of the casing 15 in the vertical direction, and first hydraulic motors 17, 17' are provided on both sides of the casing 15.
Pinions 18, 18' which mesh with the racks 16, 16' are attached to the output shafts of the hydraulic motors 17, 17'. Note that 15a is the casing 15
This is a rack guide provided on both sides of the A cutter head 19 for excavation, a screw blade 20 for transporting earth and sand, and a cylindrical casing 21 constituting an earth and sand transport path are attached to the casing 15. That is, the cylindrical casing 21 is arranged vertically, and its upper end is connected to the inner ring 22 of the swing bearing 22 attached to the lower surface of the casing 15.
It is held fixed at a. Note that 21a is a dirt discharge port formed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical casing 21. Reference numeral 23 denotes a corrugated support pipe (an example of a cylindrical body) which is removably held on the outer periphery of the cylindrical casing 21, and is used to prevent the peripheral wall from collapsing during excavation of a shaft. The screw blade 20 is inserted into a cylindrical casing 21, and as shown in FIG.
is bored, and an upwardly extending portion 24a of the rotating shaft 24 is provided.
is a housing 26 provided within the casing 15
The upper end of the housing 26 protrudes from the housing 26 and is fitted with a first hydraulic motor 27 that engages with a drive pinion 28 of a second hydraulic motor 27 fixed to the casing 15.
A large gear 29 is attached. Furthermore, a second large gear 30 is provided on the outer periphery of the intermediate portion of the rotating shaft 24, and this second large gear 30 is connected to an inner surface of an inner ring 22a that supports the cylindrical casing 21 via an idle gear 31. It is interlocked with gear 32. Therefore, when the screw blade 20 is rotated in a certain direction by the second hydraulic motor 27, the cylindrical casing 21 is rotated in the opposite direction. The screw blade 20 is supported by the casing 15 via a first large gear 29 provided on its upwardly extending portion 24a, a sleeve 33, and a bearing 34 provided within the casing 15, and is supported by the idle gear 31. is supported on the lower surface of the casing 15 via a support pin 35. The cutter head 19 is arranged below the screw blade 20 and the cylindrical casing 21, and has a length substantially equal to the diameter of the cylindrical casing 21 so that it can dig a hole having approximately the same diameter as the cylindrical casing 21. A plurality of first cutter bits 36 are fixed to the lower surface thereof. Furthermore, the support shaft 37 of the cutter head 19 is inserted through the through hole 25 of the rotating shaft 24 of the screw blade 20, and the lifting device 38 supported by the casing 15
It is made movable up and down with respect to the screw blade 20. That is, the elevating device 38 includes a slide body 41 having an engaging recess 40 that engages with a flange 39 provided at the upper end of the support shaft 37 of the cutter head 19, and a slide body 41 that is attached to both ends of the casing 15. and a pair of second hydraulic cylinders 42, 42' for raising and lowering the cylinder a predetermined distance. The support shaft 37 is connected to the rotating shaft 24 of the screw blade 20 via a sliding key 43, so that the cutter head 19 is rotationally driven through the screw blade 20 and can be raised and lowered with respect to the screw blade 20. has been done. Note that the flange 39 is attached to the cutter head 1.
9 so that there is no problem even if the support shaft 37 rotates.
It is circular. Reference numeral 44 designates a guide member for the slide body 41 that is erected on the surface of the casing 15. Reference numerals 45 and 45' designate a pair of second cutter bits provided on the outer periphery of both ends of the cutter head 19, which are used to widen the diameter of the excavated hole so that the support pipe 23 can be inserted therein, and also to ensure that the support pipe 23 is not left behind after excavation. The tip of the second cutter bit 45, 45' is set at an excavation position where it can dig a hole with approximately the same diameter as the outer diameter of the support pipe 23, and at a position that is inner than the outer diameter of the cylindrical casing 21 so that the excavator body side can be lifted up. It is possible to freely move in and out between the two entrance and exit positions. That is,
The center portions of mounting bodies 47, 47' having bit bodies 46, 46' at their outer ends are swingably supported via horizontal pins 48, 48', and their inner ends are supported by links 49, 49. ′ through screw blade 2
It is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 24 of 0. Therefore,
When the cutter head 19 is lowered by the lifting device 38, the rear end portions of the mounting bodies 47, 47' move to the links 49,
49', the bit bodies 46, 46' at the tips swing outward to the digging position, and when the cutter head 19 is raised, the inner ends of the mounting bodies 47, 47' is pushed outward via the links 49, 49' and the bit body 46 at the tip end.
46' swings inward to the retracted position. Reference numeral 50 denotes a holding device which is disposed in the guide column 11 so as to be freely raised and lowered, and which can hold and release the support pipe 23 from the outside.In order to leave the support pipe 23 in the shaft, when the excavator main body is pulled up from the shaft, This is for holding the support pipe 23 so that it does not move. That is,
A pair of left and right holding claws 5 that hold the support pipe 23
1 and 51', and a support member 53 that supports the holding claws 51 and 51' so as to be swingable in a horizontal plane and is guided so as to be movable up and down in a pair of guide grooves 52 and 52' provided in the guide column 11. , a third hydraulic cylinder 54 that raises and lowers the support member 53 provided in the guide column 11, and the pair of holding claws 51, 5.
The holding claws 51 are connected at both ends to the rear end protrusion 1'.
51', and a fourth hydraulic cylinder 55 that swings the hydraulic cylinder 51'.

Hereinafter, the effects of the above configuration will be explained.

First, the worker 12 is moved to the excavation site, and the guide column 11 is set at a predetermined angle to the ground, for example, perpendicularly, by the first hydraulic cylinders 14 and 14', and then the support pipe 23 is fixedly supported on the cylindrical casing 21. let Next, the second hydraulic cylinder 4
2, 42' lowers the cutter head 19 and swings the second cutter bit 45, 45' to the digging position. Then, the second hydraulic motor 27 rotates the screw blade 20, cutter head 19, and cylindrical casing 21, and the first hydraulic motors 17, 17' press the casing 15, that is, the excavator main body, against the ground to excavate the vertical hole 56. Note that during excavation, the cylindrical casing 21 and the screw blades 20 rotate in opposite directions, so that the excavated earth and sand are prevented from rotating together with the screw blades 20, and therefore the excavated earth and sand is efficiently conveyed upward. and is discharged from the earth and sand discharge port 21a. Also,
During excavation, the peripheral wall of the shaft 56 collapses due to the support pipe 23.
is prevented by When the excavation of the vertical hole 56 is completed, the third hydraulic cylinder 54 lowers the holding claws 51, 51' to the upper end position of the support pipe 23, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 55
The holding claws 51, 51' are swung to hold the support pipe 23. Then, after raising the cutter head 19 and swinging the second cutter bits 45, 45' to the retracted position, the first hydraulic motors 17, 1
When the casing, that is, the excavator main body is raised by 7', the vertical hole 56 with the support pipe 23 installed is opened.
can be excavated. In addition, at the end, the holding claws 51, 51'
to release the support pipe 23.

Effects of the Invention According to the above configuration of the present invention, the cylindrical body is provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical casing, and the second cutter bit that can excavate a hole having approximately the same diameter as the cutter head cylindrical body is provided. They can be inserted into a hole one after another, and therefore, even if the soil is soft, the cylindrical body prevents the wall around the hole from collapsing during excavation, allowing safe excavation of a vertical hole. Furthermore, after the shaft excavation is completed, the second cutter bit can be moved to the stored position inside the outer diameter of the cylindrical casing, so the excavator main body can be pulled out of the hole while leaving the cylindrical body in the hole.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of the conventional example, and Figures 3--
Fig. 8 shows one embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 is an overall side view, Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same, and Fig. 5 is a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the excavator main body,
FIG. 7 is a front view of the main part, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the main part. 11... Guide column (support body), 14... First hydraulic cylinder, 15... Casing (elevating frame),
17, 17'...First hydraulic motor, 19...Cutter head, 20...Screw blade, 21...Cylindrical casing, 23...Support pipe (cylindrical body), 24...Rotating shaft, 24a...Upward extending portion, 25...Penetration Hole, 27...
Second hydraulic motor, 36...First Katsutabitsu, 37
...support shaft, 38...lifting device, 41...slide body,
42, 42'...Second hydraulic cylinder, 45, 4
5'...Second Katsutabitsu, 49,49'...Link,
50... Holding device, 51, 51'... Holding claw, 54...
Third hydraulic cylinder, 55... Fourth hydraulic cylinder, 56... Vertical hole.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Support the lifting frame on the support so that it can move up and down,
A cylindrical casing is vertically supported on the elevating frame, and a cylindrical body is detachably provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical casing, and a screw blade for transporting earth and sand is provided inside the cylindrical casing, which is rotated by a rotary drive device. , a support shaft passing through the rotating shaft of the screw blade is provided, and a lifting device is connected to the upper end of the support shaft, and a first cutter bit is provided at the lower end for drilling a hole having approximately the same diameter as the cylindrical casing. A second cutter bit is swingably supported on the outer periphery of the cutter head via a horizontal support pin, and an inner end of the second cutter bit is connected to the screw blade side, and the support shaft is raised and lowered. The outer end of the second cutter bit is configured to swing between an excavation position for excavating a hole having approximately the same diameter as the cylindrical body and a retracted position inward of the outer diameter of the cylindrical casing. A vertical hole excavator characterized by: