JPS63146996A - Production of crude vegetable oil - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Al Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a method for producing crude oil containing a large amount of certain active ingredients by subjecting plant seeds, etc., to a specific heat treatment.

The present invention also relates to a method for obtaining crude oil that can significantly simplify subsequent refining steps.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Known methods for extracting vegetable oil from plant seeds, such as rapeseed, include a) a) compression method, a) solvent extraction method, and c) a pressure oil method that is a combination of the two.

Among these, the pressing method (a) involves removing impurities from raw seeds, crushing them, pressing them, heating, drying, sterilizing them, and subjecting them to heat treatment (indirect heating) for the purpose of cell destruction through thermal stress. This is the oldest method used to extract fats and oils using mechanical force such as a rear screw press or filter press.

The solvent extraction method described above uses the ability of normal hexane to dissolve fats and oils, and after applying the same pretreatment as the pressing method, the flaked raw material is fed to an extractor and brought into contact with a solvent. extract the fats and oils. The solvent (micellar) containing fats and oils is separated from the fats and oils by a distillation operation and recycled to the extractor. Because it has a high oil extraction rate, it is suitable for extracting oil from soybeans, corn, rice bran, etc. that have low oil and fat content, and is particularly famous as a method for producing soybean oil.

The oil pressing method (c) is a combination of the above-mentioned characteristics of the pressing method and the extraction method. First, most of the oils and fats in the raw material are extracted by the pressing method, and then solvent extraction is performed from the raw material with a low oil content. This method collects the remaining oil and fat using a method. Since this method is the most economical, it is widely used to produce many vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, and linseed oil.

The crude oil obtained by the above method contains components called gummy substances such as phospholipids, and cannot be used as a product as it is, so when a few percent of water is added and mixed and stirred, the water-soluble phospholipids in the crude oil are hydrated. This produces a difference in specific gravity and can be separated as a gum by centrifugation (degumming step).

The separated gum substance (slag) becomes the raw material for phospholipids.

(C) Problem to be solved by the invention This phospholipid is composed of PC (phosphatidylcholine), PE
(phosphatidylethanolamine), PI (phosphatidylinositol), PA (phosphatidic acid), etc. Among these, PC is a major constituent of animal and plant cells, and is a substance that is regarded as important from the viewpoint of various physiological effects, so it would be extremely useful if phospholipids with a high PC content could be obtained. .

However, the PC content of phospholipids recovered from crude oil obtained by the conventional method as described above is 25%.
It can't necessarily be said that there are many.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing phospholipid-containing crude oil containing more PC than conventional methods.

Furthermore, in general, when refining crude oil, an inorganic acid such as phosphoric acid or citric acid or an organic acid is added to improve the degumming effect in the above-mentioned degumming step. Further, following this, an alkali such as an aqueous solution of caustic soda is added to deoxidize, and then an adsorbent such as activated clay is added to decolorize. Finally, refined oils and fats are obtained by deodorizing them through steam distillation.

In this way, conventional purification methods are complicated and use a lot of various chemicals.
Repeated washing and drying is essential to remove soap and alkali from the oil.

Another object of the present invention is to simplify the conventional purification method as described above, reduce the number of steps, and apply a purification method that can improve the process and reduce costs, such as by reducing the amount of chemicals used. Our objective is to provide such crude oil.

Means for Solving the fd1 Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive research and found that the above objective can be achieved by subjecting raw material plant seeds or the pressed cake after pressing the raw material plant seeds to a specific heat treatment. Based on this finding, the present invention was completed.

That is, the first aspect of the present invention is to blow live steam directly into plant seeds or crushed plant seeds to bring the temperature of the seeds to 8.5% within 30 minutes.
A method for producing crude vegetable oil, which is characterized by raising the temperature to 0° C. or higher, holding it for 30 seconds or more, drying it, and then processing it by a conventional method to obtain crude vegetable oil, which is the second method of the present invention. After feeding plant seeds or crushed plant seeds to a press machine at room temperature to 60°C and compressing them into a press cake after collecting most of the oils and fats,
Immediately blow live steam directly to bring the temperature of the pressed cake to 30
This is a method for producing vegetable crude oil, which is characterized in that the temperature is raised to 80° C. or higher within minutes, held for 30 seconds or longer, and then dried and processed by a conventional method to obtain vegetable crude oil.

The method of the present invention can be applied to any plant seeds used as raw materials for fats and oils, but rapeseed, safflower, sunflower, cottonseed, linseed, etc. are particularly suitable.

In the heat treatment of the present invention, in the first invention, plant seeds and their pulverized products are supplied, and in the second invention, these are supplied to a compressor such as a screw press at room temperature to 60°C, and the heat treatment is performed by compressing and removing most of the fats and oils. For example, each compressed cake after being collected is sealed in a container such as a heating tower, and live steam is directly sparged from the bottom, or it is put into a screw extruder equipped with a heating function by directly blowing live steam, etc. conduct. The temperature and time conditions at this time are as described above, but more preferably the temperature of the seeds or pressed cake is 95°C within 5 minutes.
Raise the temperature to above and hold for 5 minutes or more.

The purpose of the present invention can only be achieved by directly blowing live steam into the material, raising the temperature in a short period of time, and then holding it for a certain period of time. However, heating means that do not take particular consideration into the holding time are ineffective.

Further, in the second invention, the plant seeds are kept at room temperature to 60°C.
It is necessary to supply the raw material to a compressor and compress it, and if indirect heating is once performed as in the conventional method, the purpose of the invention will not be achieved. Furthermore, immediately on the pressed cake - preferably 6
It is necessary to perform the above-mentioned live steam blowing within 0 minutes,
Heat treatment of a pressed cake that has been left for a long time still does not achieve the purpose of the invention.

Note that the heat treatment of the present invention may be performed on plant seeds, and the heat treatment of the present invention may be performed again on a pressed cake obtained from this raw material, and the effects of the present invention can also be achieved in this case.

te1 Effects of the invention In the conventional method, PC of the phospholipid composition in the crude oil obtained
According to the present invention, the content was around 25%, but according to the present invention, it is reduced to 40%.
% or more. Therefore, the phospholipids recovered from crude oil according to the present invention are highly valuable and extremely useful compared to conventional phospholipids.

On the other hand, the PA content of phospholipids obtained by the conventional method was around 30%, but in the present invention, the PA content is reduced to 10% or less. However, since PA is non-hydratable and PC is hydratable, the crude oil of the present invention can effectively remove phospholipids (gum) by simply adding water, and the can obtain less crude oil.

For example, in the case of rapeseed oil, the phospholipid content in crude oil degummed by adding water to the crude oil is conventionally around 1.5%, but according to the present invention, it is reduced to 0.05% or less. Furthermore, in the case of soybean oil, the content is conventionally about 0.5%, but according to the present invention, it is the same <0.05% or less. Therefore, there are advantages such as not necessarily requiring the conventional degumming process and deoxidizing process. Therefore, chemical costs are almost eliminated and mechanical equipment such as centrifuges and processes are simplified. That is, the steam refining method (SP method) can be directly applied to crude oil, and free fatty acids, pigments, odor components, etc. can be effectively removed at the same time, and high-quality refined oil can be obtained.

In addition, as mentioned above, for raw materials with high oil content such as rapeseed oil and safflower oil, conventionally a two-step process is used in which oils and fats are first extracted by pressing and then subjected to solvent extraction. It was difficult to carry out direct solvent extraction.

However, the use of raw materials treated by the method of the present invention has the advantage that direct solvent extraction can be performed.

Furthermore, in the conventional degumming and deoxidizing processes, a large amount of soapstock containing gum and fatty acid soap as the main components is produced as a by-product, which is then subjected to acid decomposition treatment. However, this acid decomposition has the disadvantage that wastewater treatment is often difficult due to the emulsifying effect of highly concentrated phospholipids, and the pollution load becomes extremely high. According to the present invention, since there is less phospholipid in crude oil, there is an advantage that the generation of soapstock is reduced and wastewater treatment becomes easier.

ffl Examples Example 1 Rapeseed raw material was coarsely ground to the extent that no more than 9 grains remained, and this was heated to 98° C. in a stacker (vertical steam heating machine). At this time, the amount of steam blown was adjusted so that the raw material temperature rose to 95° C. or higher within 5 minutes, and heating was continued for a total of 10 minutes. after that,
The raw material was dried with hot air ventilation and compressed with a screw press to obtain pressed oil and cake. The pressed cake was placed in an extraction kettle and extracted with industrial hexane. Extraction was carried out at a temperature of 60° C. for 25 minutes per batch, for a total of 3 batches for 75 minutes. The obtained extracted micella was distilled to obtain an extracted oil with a phospholipid content of 1.8% (PC content in the phospholipids: 41.4%). 3% water was added to this rapeseed crude oil by a conventional method and Eiwa degummed to obtain rapeseed extract oil and soapstock having a PC content of 43.4% in phospholipids.

Example 2 The rapeseed raw material of Example 1 was coarsely ground to the extent that no round particles remained,
This is fed to a screw press at room temperature and squeezed.
Pressed oil and pressed cake were obtained. The pressed cake was immediately put into the stacker of Example 1 and heated to 98°C. At this time, as in Example 1, the cake temperature rose to 95% within 5 minutes.
The amount of steam blown was adjusted so that the temperature was at least ℃, and the mixture was heated for a total of 10 minutes. Next, the cake was dried by heating with hot air, placed in an extraction kettle, and extracted with industrial hexane. Extraction was carried out at a temperature of 60°C for 25 minutes per batch, as in the example, for a total of 3 batches.
I went for 5 minutes. The obtained extracted micella was distilled to obtain an extracted oil with a phospholipid content of 1.8% (PC content in the phospholipid: 42.4%). To this rapeseed crude oil, 3% water was added by a conventional method and Eiwa degummed to obtain a rapeseed extracted crude oil and soapstock having a PC content of 38.2% in phospholipids.

Example 3 Immediately after pressing the pressed cake of Example 2, it was put into an expander (
EXPANDES) (trade name, manufactured by TECNAL, Brazil), the amount of steam blown was adjusted so that the cake temperature reached 95° C. within 5 minutes, and the mixture was heated for 3 minutes.

This device is a screw extruder equipped with a heating function by directly blowing live steam into it. The pellet-shaped cake was then dried, placed in an extraction kettle, and extracted with industrial hexane. Extraction was carried out at a temperature of 60°C as in Example 1.
The batch was run for 25 minutes, totaling 3 batches for 75 minutes. The obtained extracted micella was distilled to obtain an extracted oil with a phospholipid content of 1.8% (PC content in the phospholipid: 41.8%). To this rapeseed crude oil, 3% water was added by a conventional method and Eiwa degummed to obtain a rapeseed extracted crude oil and soapstock having a PC content of 39.4% in phospholipids.

Comparative Example 1 The rapeseed raw material of Example 1 was coarsely pulverized in a conventional manner, that is, to the extent that no nine grains remained, and then further pulverized, pressed, and indirectly heated (90%
After heat treatment for the purpose of cell destruction at ~1) 0°C), the mixture was compressed using a screw press to obtain pressed oil and a pressed cake. The pressed cake was extracted with industrial hexane at a temperature of 60°C by a solvent extraction method, and the extracted micella obtained was distilled to have a phospholipid content of 1.7% (PC content in phospholipids of 26%).
．． 4%) of extracted oil was obtained. To this rapeseed crude oil, 3% water was added by a conventional method and Eiwa degummed to obtain a rapeseed extracted crude oil and soapstock having a PC content of 27.3% in phospholipids.

Comparative Example 2 The same method as in Example 2 was carried out, in which the pressed cake was allowed to stand for 24 hours, and then heated, dried, and extracted in the same manner as in Example 2.

Comparative Example 3 In Example 2, a method was implemented in which the compressed cake was subjected to solvent extraction without heating.

The phospholipid compositions of the rapeseed crude oils obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 above are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 (Unit: %) Extracted oil phospholipid composition After Nijiri gel column treatment, TLC
The soapstock phospholipid composition according to the molybdenum yellow method: Example 4 according to the molybdenum yellow method Coarsely crush the rapeseed raw material to the extent that no more than 9 grains remain, and put this into the same expander as in Example 3, and within 5 minutes. to 95℃
The amount of steam blown was adjusted so that it was heated for 4 minutes. Next, the raw materials were dried to obtain pressed oil and extracted micella in the same manner as in Example 1, and the extracted micella was distilled to reduce the phospholipid content to 1.
．． An extracted oil of 7% (PC content in phospholipids: 42.5%) was obtained. 2% acidic clay was added to this rapeseed crude oil, and the mixture was heated under vacuum to 105°C±5°C for 20 minutes to decolorize it, and the clay was filtered off. The decolorized oil was deodorized by heating it at 260° C. for 90 minutes under vacuum (1 to 3 mmHg) while blowing 3 to 5% (based on oil) of water vapor.

Although the obtained refined oil did not go through the degumming and alkali deacidification steps, it had a quality comparable to that of refined products produced by conventional methods.

Example 5 Rapeseed raw material was coarsely ground to the extent that no round particles remained, and this was put into the same expander as in Example 3 and heated to 98°C within 10 minutes.
The amount of steam blown was adjusted so that the temperature was increased, and the mixture was heated for 3 minutes. Next, the raw materials were dried and the entire amount was diluted with industrial hexane to 60%
When extraction was attempted at ℃, the extraction operation was carried out smoothly. The obtained extracted micella was distilled to reduce the phospholipid content to 1.
An extracted oil of 9% (PC content in phospholipids: 40.8%) was obtained.

Example 6 After dehulling and pressing the soybean raw material, the same expander as in Example 3 was used.
The amount of steam blown was adjusted so that the temperature reached 95°C within 5 minutes, and the mixture was heated for 3 minutes. Next, the raw material was dried and the entire amount was extracted at 60° C. using industrial hexane. The obtained extracted micella was distilled to obtain an extracted oil with a phospholipid content of 0.5% (PC content in the phospholipids: 43.5%).

Comparative example 4 Conventional refining methods were applied to the extracted oil obtained in Example 1.

That is, after adding 0.05% phosphoric acid and stirring, 16°Be
Caustic soda was added at 120℃ to the acid value of oil, and the acid value was 85 to 9.
The mixture was stirred at 0"C. Next, the mixture was centrifuged to separate the soap content, and 12°Be caustic soda was added to the oil in an amount of 1%, stirred at 85-90°C, and the soap content was separated using a centrifuge. The oil was washed with water and dried.1% white clay was added and heated under vacuum at 105°C for 20 minutes to decolorize the oil, and the white clay was filtered off.

Decolorize the oil under vacuum (1 to 3 mmHg) with water vapor for 3 to 5 minutes.
Deodorization was performed by heating at 260° C. for 0 minutes while blowing % (based on oil).

The quality of the obtained refined oil was not significantly different from that of Example 4, even though it had undergone many steps as described above.

Patent applicant: Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd. −18=

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) By directly blowing live steam into plant seeds or crushed plant seeds, the temperature of the seeds is raised to 80°C or higher within 30 minutes, held for 30 seconds or more, and then dried and treated by a conventional method. 1. A method for producing vegetable crude oil, the method comprising: obtaining vegetable crude oil. (2) directly blowing live steam into plant seeds or crushed plant seeds to raise the temperature of the seeds to 95°C or higher within 5 minutes;
The manufacturing method according to claim (1), in which the temperature is maintained for 5 minutes or more. (3) The manufacturing method according to claim (1), which uses a screw extruder equipped with a function of directly blowing live steam and heating it as a device for directly blowing live steam into plant seeds or crushed plant seeds. . (4) Plant seeds or crushed plant seeds are supplied to the press machine at room temperature to 60°C, and after most of the oil and fats have been collected, live steam is directly blown into the press cake immediately after pressing, and the temperature of the press cake is lowered for 30 minutes. 1. A method for producing vegetable crude oil, which comprises raising the temperature to 80° C. or higher within 30 seconds, maintaining the temperature for 30 seconds or longer, drying this, and then processing it in a conventional manner to obtain vegetable crude oil. (5) The production according to claim (4), wherein live steam is directly blown into the pressed cake immediately after pressing to raise the temperature of the pressed cake to 95°C or higher within 5 minutes and hold it for 5 minutes or more. Law. (6) The manufacturing method according to claim (4) or (5), wherein live steam is blown into the pressed cake within 60 minutes after pressing. (7) The manufacturing method according to claim (4), which uses a screw extruder equipped with a function of blowing live steam directly into the compressed cake to heat it as a device for directly blowing live steam into the compressed cake.