JPS63119389A - Contour emphasis circuit for video picture - Google Patents
Contour emphasis circuit for video pictureInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63119389A JPS63119389A JP61265016A JP26501686A JPS63119389A JP S63119389 A JPS63119389 A JP S63119389A JP 61265016 A JP61265016 A JP 61265016A JP 26501686 A JP26501686 A JP 26501686A JP S63119389 A JPS63119389 A JP S63119389A
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- Prior art keywords
- signal
- contour
- luminance signal
- circuit
- luminance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、映像画像の輪郭強調を行なう輪郭強調回路に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an edge enhancement circuit that enhances the edges of a video image.
本発明は、映像画像の輪郭強調を行なう輪郭強調回路に
おいて、デジタル信号化された輝度信号をフレームメモ
リに格納し、このフレームメモリの輝度信号データを読
出して隣接画素のデータ同志で減算を行い、この減算値
を予め設定された基準値と比較し、この減算値の方が大
きいときには該当するｍ素を輪郭とみなし、この該当す
る画素の輝度信号に輪郭信号を付加する様にして、ノイ
ズの少ない状態で良好に輪郭が強調できるようにしたも
のである。The present invention provides an edge enhancement circuit for enhancing the edges of a video image, in which a digitalized luminance signal is stored in a frame memory, the luminance signal data from the frame memory is read out, and data of adjacent pixels are subtracted from each other. This subtraction value is compared with a preset reference value, and if this subtraction value is larger, the corresponding m pixels are regarded as a contour, and the contour signal is added to the luminance signal of this corresponding pixel, thereby eliminating noise. This allows contours to be emphasized well even with a small amount of image.
従来、大型のテレビジョン受像機で受像を行なう場合に
は、小型のテレビジョン受像機で受像を行なう場合に比
べ、画像の鮮鋭度が落ちてしまう不都合があった。この
ため、大型のテレビジョン受像機等において、映像信号
を鮮鋭度の増した良好な画像が得られる信号とするため
に、シャープネスコントロール等と称される輪郭強調が
行なわれていた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when an image is received using a large television receiver, there has been a problem in that the sharpness of the image is lower than when receiving an image using a small television receiver. For this reason, in large television receivers and the like, edge enhancement called sharpness control has been carried out in order to make the video signal into a signal that provides a good image with increased sharpness.
この輪郭強調は、画像中の人物等の輪郭を強調させるも
ので、例えば輝度信号の変化する幅を全体的に広げる信
号処理を行なって、輪郭が明確にわかるようにしていた
。This contour enhancement is to emphasize the contour of a person or the like in an image, and for example, signal processing is performed to widen the range of change in the luminance signal as a whole, so that the contour can be clearly seen.
ところが、このような信号処理を行なうと、輪郭でない
部分の輝度信号にも同様の処理が施され、輝度信号の変
化がほとんどない輪郭でない部分ではノイズが発生して
荒れた画面となってしまう不都合があった。このため、
例えばこの輪郭強調を行なう信号処理回路の後段にノイ
ズスライス回路を設け、ノイズの除去を行なう必要があ
った。However, when such signal processing is performed, the same processing is applied to the luminance signals of non-contour areas, and noise is generated in non-contour areas where there is little change in the luminance signal, resulting in a rough screen. was there. For this reason,
For example, it has been necessary to provide a noise slice circuit after the signal processing circuit that performs this edge enhancement to remove noise.
本発明は斯かる点に謹み、ノイズを発生させることなく
輪郭の強調だけを良好に行なうことのできる映像画像の
輪郭強調回路を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to provide a video image edge enhancement circuit that can effectively enhance only the edges without generating noise.
本発明の映像画像の輪郭強調回路は、例えば第１図に示
す如く、アナログ／デジタル変換器（３）によりデジタ
ル信号化された輝度信号をフレームメモリ（４）に格納
し、このフレームメモリ（４の輝度信号データを輪郭強
調信号形成回路〈５〉により続出して隣接画素のデータ
同志で減算を行い、この減算値を予め設定された基準値
と比較し、この減算値の方が大きいときには該当する画
素を輪郭とみなし、この該当する画素の輝度信号に輪郭
信号を付加する様にしたものである。As shown in FIG. 1, for example, the video image contour emphasizing circuit of the present invention stores a luminance signal converted into a digital signal by an analog/digital converter (3) in a frame memory (4). The brightness signal data of is successively output by the contour enhancement signal forming circuit <5>, subtraction is performed between data of adjacent pixels, this subtraction value is compared with a preset reference value, and if this subtraction value is larger, it is determined that the A pixel that corresponds to a pixel is regarded as a contour, and a contour signal is added to the luminance signal of the corresponding pixel.
本発明の映ｔｓｖｉ像の輪郭強調回路は、デジタル信号
化した輝度信号を画素毎に隣接画素と比較して輪郭の検
出を行ない、この検出した輪郭にだけ輪郭信号を付加す
るため、ノイズを発生させることなく輪郭の強調だけを
良好に行なうことができる。The contour enhancement circuit for video tsvi images of the present invention detects contours by comparing digitalized luminance signals with adjacent pixels for each pixel, and adds a contour signal only to the detected contours, thereby generating noise. It is possible to enhance only the outline without causing any distortion.
以下、本発明の映像画像の輪郭強調回路の一実施例を、
添付図面を参照して説明しよう。An embodiment of the video image contour enhancement circuit of the present invention will be described below.
Let me explain with reference to the attached drawings.
本例の輪郭強調回路は、第１図に示す如く構成する。こ
の第１図において、（１）は映像信号入力端子を示し、
この入力端子（１）にビデオテープから再生した映像信
号等のコンポジットの映像信号が供給される。そして、
この映像信号入力端子（１）に得られる映像信号を輝度
信号／色信号分離回路（２）に供給する。この分離回路
（２）は、供給される映像信号を輝度信号と色信号とに
分離する回路で、分離した輝度信号をアナログ／デジタ
ル変換器（３）に供給する。このアナログ／デジタル変
換器（３）は、供給される輝度信号をデジタル信号化す
る回路でデジタル信号化した輝度信号をフレームメモ１
月４）に供給する。このフレームメモ１月４）は、供給
される輝度信号を１フレーム毎に一旦記憶する回路で、
このフレームメモ１月４）が記憶した輝度信号を輪郭強
調信号形成回路（５）及び遅延回路（６）に供給する。The contour emphasizing circuit of this example is constructed as shown in FIG. In this FIG. 1, (1) indicates a video signal input terminal,
A composite video signal such as a video signal reproduced from a videotape is supplied to this input terminal (1). and,
The video signal obtained at the video signal input terminal (1) is supplied to a luminance signal/chrominance signal separation circuit (2). This separation circuit (2) is a circuit that separates the supplied video signal into a luminance signal and a color signal, and supplies the separated luminance signal to an analog/digital converter (3). This analog/digital converter (3) uses a circuit to convert the supplied luminance signal into a digital signal, and converts the luminance signal into a digital signal into frame memory 1.
Supply on month 4). This frame memo (January 4) is a circuit that temporarily stores the supplied luminance signal for each frame.
The brightness signal stored in this frame memo (January 4) is supplied to an edge emphasis signal forming circuit (5) and a delay circuit (6).
この輪郭強調信号形成回路（５）は、フレームメモリ（
４）から各画素毎に輝度信号データを読み出し、隣接し
た画素の輝度信号データとの比較を行ない、隣接した画
素と輝度信号データが所定値以上差があるときには、こ
の差がある箇所をこの映像信号による画像の輪郭と判断
する。そして、フレームメモリ（４）から第１の遅延回
路（６）に供給された輝度信号は、輪郭強調信号形成回
路（６）が信号処理を行なう時間だけ遅延して、この遅
延した輝度信号を第１の混合回路（ηの一方の混合信号
入力端子に供給する。ここで、この第１の遅延回路（６
）から第１の混合回路（７）へ供給される輝度信号の画
素が、上述の輪郭強調信号形成回路（５）が輪郭と判断
した画素であるときには、この輪郭強調信号形成回路（
５）から第１の混合回路（７）の他方の混合信号入力端
子に輪郭強調信号を供給する。このようにして輪郭強調
信号を供給することで、この第１の混合回路（７）で輝
度信号に輪郭強調信号が重畳され、輪郭が強調された輝
度信号が第１の混合回路（７）から出力される。そして
、この第１の混合回路（７）が出力する輝度信号をデジ
タル／アナログ変換器（８）に供給し、このデジタル／
アナログ変換器（８）で輝度信号をアナログ信号化する
。このアナログ信号化された輝度信号を、第２の混合回
路（９）の一方の混合信号入力端子に供給する。そして
、この第２の混合回路（９）の他方の混合信号入力端子
には、上述の輝度信号／色信号分離回路（２）で分離し
た色信号が第２の遅延回路（１０）を介して供給される
。この第２の遅延回路（１０）は、信号処理等により輝
度信号／色信号分離回路（２）で分離してから第２の混
合回路（９）に供給されるまでの輝度信号の遅延時間だ
け色信号を遅延させる回路で、この第２の混合回路（９
）で輝度ｆａ号と色信号とを混合して、コンポジットの
映像信号にする。そして、この第２の混合回路が出力す
るコンポジットの映像信号を映像信号出力端子（１１）
に供給する。この映像信号出力端子（１１）に得られる
映像信号を、例えば大型のテレビジョン受像機（図示せ
ず）に供給して、受像等を行なう。This contour enhancement signal forming circuit (5) is configured to have a frame memory (
4), read the luminance signal data for each pixel, compare it with the luminance signal data of the adjacent pixel, and if there is a difference of more than a predetermined value between the luminance signal data of the adjacent pixel and the luminance signal data of the adjacent pixel, the part where this difference exists is added to this image. It is determined that it is the outline of the image based on the signal. The luminance signal supplied from the frame memory (4) to the first delay circuit (6) is delayed by the time required for signal processing by the edge enhancement signal forming circuit (6), and the delayed luminance signal is transferred to the first delay circuit (6). 1 mixing circuit (η).Here, this first delay circuit (6
) to the first mixing circuit (7) is a pixel that the above-mentioned edge enhancement signal forming circuit (5) has determined to be an edge, the edge enhancement signal forming circuit (
5) supplies an edge enhancement signal to the other mixed signal input terminal of the first mixing circuit (7). By supplying the edge enhancement signal in this way, the edge enhancement signal is superimposed on the luminance signal in this first mixing circuit (7), and the edge-enhanced luminance signal is sent from the first mixing circuit (7). Output. Then, the luminance signal output from this first mixing circuit (7) is supplied to the digital/analog converter (8), and this digital/analog converter (8) is
The luminance signal is converted into an analog signal by an analog converter (8). This luminance signal converted into an analog signal is supplied to one mixed signal input terminal of the second mixing circuit (9). The color signal separated by the luminance signal/color signal separation circuit (2) described above is input to the other mixed signal input terminal of the second mixing circuit (9) via the second delay circuit (10). Supplied. This second delay circuit (10) is used for only the delay time of the luminance signal from when it is separated by the luminance signal/chrominance signal separation circuit (2) through signal processing etc. until it is supplied to the second mixing circuit (9). This second mixing circuit (9) is a circuit that delays the color signal.
), the luminance fa and color signals are mixed to form a composite video signal. Then, the composite video signal output from this second mixing circuit is sent to the video signal output terminal (11).
supply to. The video signal obtained at the video signal output terminal (11) is supplied to, for example, a large-sized television receiver (not shown) for image reception.
本例の映像画像の輪郭強調回路は、以上のようにして構
成され、次に輪郭強調信号形成回路（５）が輪郭強調信
号を形成する際の一例について説明する。The video image contour emphasizing circuit of this example is configured as described above.Next, an example in which the contour emphasizing signal forming circuit (5) forms the contour emphasizing signal will be described.
この輪郭強調信号形成回路（５）は、上述の如くフレー
ムメモリ（４）からこの輪郭強調信号形成回路（５）に
１フレーム内の各画素を順次読み出して、各画素毎の輝
度信号データを隣接した画素と比較し、その差により輪
郭の検出を行なう、このとき、例えば第２図に示す如く
各フレームの画像に、水平方向ｌに０からＭ （Ｍは整
数）まで画素があり、垂直方向ｊに０からＮ （Ｎは整
数）まで画素があすとすると、輝度信号の水平方向デー
タｄｉ及び垂直方向データｄｊについて次式の演算を輪
郭強調信号形成回路（５）が行ない、水平方向に隣接し
た画素との差Δｄｉ、Ｊｏ及び垂直方向に隣接した画素
との差Δｄｉｏ、Ｊを
Δｄｉ、ｊｏ ＝ ｌ ｄｉ＋ｔ、 ｊｏ−ｄｉ、ｊｏ
ｌ（ｌ：０〜Ｍ−１）
Δｄｉｏ、ｊ −１ｄｉｏ、 ｊ＋ｔ −ｄｉｏ＋ｊ
！（ｊ：０〜Ｎ−１）
このようにして夫々の′ｒＲ棄について水平方向及び垂
直方向に隣接した画素との差Δｄｌ、ｊｏ及びΔｄｌｏ
、Ｊが得られる。そして、この差Δｄｌ。This edge enhancement signal forming circuit (5) sequentially reads out each pixel in one frame from the frame memory (4) to this edge enhancement signal forming circuit (5) as described above, and transmits the luminance signal data of each pixel to the edge enhancement signal forming circuit (5). At this time, for example, as shown in Figure 2, each frame image has pixels from 0 to M (M is an integer) in the horizontal direction, and pixels in the vertical direction. Assuming that there are pixels from 0 to N (N is an integer) in j, the contour enhancement signal forming circuit (5) performs the following calculation on the horizontal direction data di and vertical direction data dj of the luminance signal, and The difference Δdi, Jo from the pixel that
l(l:0~M-1) Δdio, j -1dio, j+t -dio+j
! (j: 0 to N-1) In this way, the differences Δdl, jo, and Δdlo between pixels adjacent in the horizontal and vertical directions for each 'rR are
, J are obtained. And this difference Δdl.
ｊｏ、Δｄｉｏ、ｊが予め設定された閾値Δｄ ｔｈよ
りも大きいならば、この隣接した画素との間に輪郭が存
在すると判断する。例えば、この状態の一例を第３図Ａ
に示すと、ｊｏ番目のラインにおいて画素ｄｉとｄ ｉ
＋ｔとの間に閾値Δｄ ｔｈ以上の差があると、この
画ｓｄ１と１ｉｉｄ ｌ ＋ｔとの間に輪郭が存在する
。この輪郭の検出を全ての画素について水平方向、垂直
方向で行なって、輪郭の場所を１フレ一ム分記憶する。If jo, Δdio, and j are larger than a preset threshold Δd th, it is determined that an outline exists between these adjacent pixels. For example, an example of this state is shown in Figure 3A.
, in the jo-th line, pixels di and di
+t by a threshold value Δd th or more, a contour exists between this image sd1 and 1iid l +t. This contour detection is performed for all pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the location of the contour is stored for one frame.
そして、この輪郭を１フレ一ム分記憶した後、フレーム
メモリ（４）から遅延回路（６）を介して遅れて第１の
混合回路（７）に供給される輝度信号が記憶した輪郭部
であるとき、輪郭強調信号を輪郭強調信号形成回路（５
）から第１の混合回路（７）に供給する。この輪郭強調
信号は、例えば第３図Ｂに示す如く、Ｓ素ｄｉに対応し
て正方向のパルス信号Ｖｘを出方し、Ｓ素ｄ ｉ ＋１
に対応して負方向のパルス信号■２を出力する。After storing this contour for one frame, the luminance signal supplied from the frame memory (4) to the first mixing circuit (7) after a delay via the delay circuit (6) is at the stored contour portion. At some point, the contour emphasis signal is sent to the contour emphasis signal forming circuit (5
) to the first mixing circuit (7). For example, as shown in FIG. 3B, this contour emphasis signal outputs a pulse signal Vx in the positive direction corresponding to the S element di, and the S element di +1
In response to this, a negative direction pulse signal (2) is output.
このようにして出力することで、第３図Ｃに示す如く、
第１の混合回路（７）で画素ｄ１にパルス信号■１が重
畳され、画素ｄ１＋１にパルス信号Ｖ２が重畳され、画
素ｄｉと′Ｗ！Ｒ素ｄ ｉ ＋、との間の差が拡がり、
輪郭が強調された状態となる。このようにして輪郭が強
調された映像信号が出力端子（１１）から出力される。By outputting in this way, as shown in Figure 3C,
In the first mixing circuit (7), the pulse signal ■1 is superimposed on the pixel d1, the pulse signal V2 is superimposed on the pixel d1+1, and the pixel di and 'W! The difference between R element d i +, expands,
The outline will be emphasized. The video signal whose outline has been emphasized in this way is output from the output terminal (11).
このようにして輪郭が強調されることで、輪郭でない所
は全く信号に変化がない状態で、輪郭部にだけ良好な輪
郭強調がなされた状態となり、ノイズが発生しない良好
な輪郭強調された画像が得られる。また、このようにノ
イズが発生しないため、後段の回路でノイズスライス回
路等のノイズ除去手段を必要としない。By emphasizing the contours in this way, there is no signal change at all in areas that are not contours, and good contour enhancement is performed only on the contours, resulting in a good contour-enhanced image without noise. is obtained. Further, since no noise is generated in this way, there is no need for noise removal means such as a noise slice circuit in the subsequent circuit.
なお、輪郭強調信号は、第３図Ｂに示す如く輪郭部の隣
り合う双方の画素にパルス信号Ｖｓ 、Ｖ２を重畳させ
るのではなく、第３図りに示す如く、例えば画素ｄｉに
対応してパルス信号Ｖｌ、Ｖ２の差Δ■に等しい正方向
のパルス信号ｖ３を出力しても同様に輪郭を強調するこ
とができる。また、之等の輪郭強調信号は、画素ｄ１が
Ｆｊ素ｄ ｉ ＋１よりもレベルが高い場合のもので、
逆に画素ｄ ｉ ＋１が画素ｄ１よりも高い場合の輪郭
強調信号は、例えば第３図Ｅに示す如く画素ｄｉに対応
して負方向のパルス信号ｖ４を出力し、ｆｉ素ｄ ｌ
＋、に対応して正方向のパルス信号■５を出力する信号
とすればよい。Note that the contour enhancement signal is not generated by superimposing pulse signals Vs and V2 on both adjacent pixels of the contour part as shown in FIG. The contour can be similarly emphasized by outputting a positive pulse signal v3 equal to the difference Δ■ between the signals Vl and V2. In addition, these contour emphasis signals are for the case where the pixel d1 has a higher level than the Fj element d i +1,
Conversely, when the pixel d i +1 is higher than the pixel d1, the edge emphasis signal is outputted as a negative direction pulse signal v4 corresponding to the pixel di, for example as shown in FIG. 3E, and the f i element d l
The positive direction pulse signal 5 may be output in response to the positive direction.
また、この輪郭を判断するための閾値Δｄｔｈは画像に
応じて変えることができるようにするのが好ましく、水
平方向と垂直方向の閾値Δｄ ｔｈを変えてもよい。さ
らに、輪郭強調信号の上下の差ΔＶも強調の度合いによ
り自由に変えるようにするのが好ましく、また輪郭部に
隣接した画素ｄｌ。Further, it is preferable that the threshold value Δdth for determining this contour can be changed depending on the image, and the threshold values Δd th in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction may be changed. Further, it is preferable that the difference ΔV between the upper and lower edges of the contour emphasis signal is also freely changed depending on the degree of emphasis, and the pixel dl adjacent to the contour portion.
ｄ１＋１にだけ強調信号を加えるのではなく、その前後
の画素にも同様の信号を加えて、輪郭を太くするように
してもよい、このように本例によると輪郭の強調状態を
自由に変えることができる。Instead of adding an emphasis signal only to d1+1, a similar signal may be added to the pixels before and after it to make the outline thicker. In this way, according to this example, the outline emphasis state can be changed freely. I can do it.
さらにまた、本発明は上述実施例に限らず、本発明の要
旨を逸脱することなく、その他種々の構成が取り得るこ
とは勿論である。Furthermore, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can take various other configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention.
（発明の効果）
本発明の映像画像の輪郭強調回路によると、ノイズを発
生させることなく輪郭の強調だけを良好に行なうことが
できる利益がある。(Effects of the Invention) According to the video image edge enhancement circuit of the present invention, there is an advantage that only the edge enhancement can be performed satisfactorily without generating noise.
第１図は本発明の映像画像の輪郭強調回路の一実施例を
示す構成図、第２図及び第３図は第１図例の説明に供す
る線図である。
（３）はアナログ／デジタル変換車、（４）はフレーム
メモリ、（５）は輪郭強調信号形成回路、（６）は第１
の遅延回路、（７）は第１の混合回路である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a video image contour emphasizing circuit according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the example in FIG. (3) is an analog/digital converter, (4) is a frame memory, (5) is an edge enhancement signal forming circuit, and (6) is a first
The delay circuit (7) is the first mixing circuit.
Claims (1)
し、該フレームメモリの輝度信号データを読出して隣接
画素のデータ同志で減算を行い、該減算値を予め設定さ
れた基準値と比較し、この減算値の方が大きいときには
該当する画素を輪郭とみなし、この該当する画素の上記
輝度信号に輪郭信号を付加する様にしたことを特徴とす
る映像画像の輪郭強調回路。The digitalized luminance signal is stored in a frame memory, the luminance signal data of the frame memory is read out, data of adjacent pixels are subtracted from each other, the subtracted value is compared with a preset reference value, and this subtraction is performed. A circuit for enhancing an edge of a video image, characterized in that when the value is larger, the corresponding pixel is regarded as an edge, and an edge signal is added to the luminance signal of the corresponding pixel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61265016A JP2570272B2 (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Digital contour enhancement circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61265016A JP2570272B2 (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Digital contour enhancement circuit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63119389A true JPS63119389A (en) | 1988-05-24 |
| JP2570272B2 JP2570272B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
Family
ID=17411408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61265016A Expired - Lifetime JP2570272B2 (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Digital contour enhancement circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2570272B2 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59191094A (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1984-10-30 | コニカ株式会社 | Image signal processor |
| JPS6171773A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1986-04-12 | Nec Corp | Contour emphasizing circuit |
-
1986
- 1986-11-07 JP JP61265016A patent/JP2570272B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59191094A (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1984-10-30 | コニカ株式会社 | Image signal processor |
| JPS6171773A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1986-04-12 | Nec Corp | Contour emphasizing circuit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2570272B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
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| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |