JPS63118022A - Filtrating device for molten metal - Google Patents
Filtrating device for molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63118022A JPS63118022A JP61266354A JP26635486A JPS63118022A JP S63118022 A JPS63118022 A JP S63118022A JP 61266354 A JP61266354 A JP 61266354A JP 26635486 A JP26635486 A JP 26635486A JP S63118022 A JPS63118022 A JP S63118022A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mortar
- cushion
- molten metal
- hard ceramic
- ceramic tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は溶融アルミニウム等の金属溶湯中に含有される
非金属介在物を除去するための金属？８湯用ａｔ Ａ装
置に関するものである。Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for removing non-metallic inclusions contained in molten metal such as molten aluminum. This relates to an at A device for 8 hot water.
（従来の技術）
この種の金属？８湯川ｉｌ！過装置としては、複数本の
硬質セラミックチューブを相対向するｖｌ板間に固着し
た組立体を槽内に（さび板等により固定したものが一般
的である。ところが鏡（υの材質は珪酸塩結合の炭化硅
素質耐火物等であり、一方硬質セラミックチューブは溶
融アルミナ骨材等を特殊な結合材で結合した材質のもの
が普通であって各部分の熱膨脹が異なるために昇温時に
熱歪を発生し、硬質セラミックチューブや鏡板が破１ｉ
シたりクラックを生ずる等のトラブルがあった。(Conventional technology) This kind of metal? 8 Yukawa IL! The mirror (υ) is generally made of an assembly in which a plurality of hard ceramic tubes are fixed between opposing vl plates (fixed with rust plates, etc.). On the other hand, hard ceramic tubes are usually made of molten alumina aggregate, etc., bonded with a special bonding material, and because each part has different thermal expansion, thermal distortion occurs when the temperature rises. This caused the hard ceramic tube and end plate to break.
There were problems such as damage and cracks.
そこで実開昭５９−６８６６３号公報に示されるように
、チューブの開放端をモルタルとリング状パツキンによ
り鏡板に固着するとともにチューブの閉塞◇：ｉをモル
タルによりｖｌ（反に固着した構造や、実開昭５９−６
９９５９号公報に示されるようにチューブの一端をパツ
キンを介して鏡板に取付け、他端をモルタルにより鏡板
に全面固着した構造のものが提案されている。しかし前
者はリング状パツキンのりノション効果がモルタルによ
り阻害されるので昇温時の熱応力による８１１れを完全
には防止できず、また後者は組立体の輸送時や３．■立
体をクレーン等により吊上げて槽内ヘセノトする際にモ
ルタルにより固着されていない部分が外れて破ｔＲし易
いこと、槽内へくさび板により固定する際にくさびによ
る押圧力でパツキンが変形してしまい熱膨脹に対する緩
Ｉ１１効果を十分に発揮しなくなること、チューブの開
口端にパツキンを取付けた場合には溶湯のリークを生し
易いこと等の多くの問題が残されていた。Therefore, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-68663, the open end of the tube is fixed to the end plate using mortar and ring-shaped packing, and the tube is closed ◇:i by mortar to vl. Kaisho 59-6
As shown in Japanese Patent No. 9959, a structure has been proposed in which one end of the tube is attached to the end plate through a packing, and the other end is entirely fixed to the end plate with mortar. However, in the former case, the ring-shaped packing glue effect is inhibited by the mortar, so it is not possible to completely prevent 811 damage caused by thermal stress during temperature rise, and in the latter case, it is difficult to prevent damage during transportation of the assembly. ■ When lifting a solid body with a crane or the like and moving it into the tank, the parts that are not fixed by mortar may come off and break, and when it is fixed into the tank with a wedge plate, the packing may be deformed by the pressure of the wedge. However, many problems still remain, such as the slow I11 effect against thermal expansion not being sufficiently exerted, and molten metal easily leaking when a gasket is attached to the open end of the tube.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
本発明は上記したような従来の問題点を解決して、昇温
時の勢歪を十分に吸収することができ、また組立体の輸
送時等の破損や溶湯のリーク等のトラブルを生ずること
のない金属）容湯川濾過装置を目的として完成されたも
のである。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, can sufficiently absorb the stress caused by temperature rise, and prevents damage during transportation of the assembly. It was completed for the purpose of a metal filtration device that would not cause problems such as leakage of molten metal or molten metal.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明は複数本の硬質セラミックチューブを相対向する
鏡板間に固着した組立体を槽内に取付けた金属溶湯用濾
過装置であって、各硬質セラミックチューブの少くとも
一方の端部が鏡板に形成された四部又は透孔の内部に、
金属／８湯注入時の硬質セラミックチューブの熱膨脹を
吸収できるに十分な大きさの荷重収縮率を持つクッショ
ンモルタルによって固着されたことを特徴とするもので
ある。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention is a filtration device for molten metal in which an assembly in which a plurality of hard ceramic tubes are fixed between opposing end plates is installed in a tank. At least one end is inside the four parts or through hole formed in the mirror plate,
It is characterized by being fixed with cushion mortar having a sufficient shrinkage rate under load to absorb the thermal expansion of the hard ceramic tube during pouring of metal/8 hot water.
（実施例）
次に本発明を図示の実施例について詳細に説明すると、
（１１は槽体、（２）はこの槽体（１）を濾過槽（３）
と清浄槽（４）とに区画する隔壁である。また（５）は
槽内に取付けられた組立体であり、この組立体（５）は
複数本の有底円筒状の硬質セラミノクチニーブ（６）、
（６）を相対向する鏡板（７）、（７）間に固着したも
ので、図示のとおり各硬質セラミックチューブ（６）の
開口に対応する一方の鏡板（７）及び隔壁（２）には連
通孔（８）が形成され、ｉＩｆ遇された溶湯を清浄槽（
４）へ導けるようになっている。(Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the illustrated example.
(11 is a tank body, (2) is this tank body (1) as a filter tank (3)
This is a partition wall that partitions the tank into a clean tank (4). Further, (5) is an assembly installed in the tank, and this assembly (5) includes a plurality of bottomed cylindrical hard ceraminoctinibs (6),
(6) is fixed between opposing end plates (7), (7), and as shown in the figure, one end plate (7) and partition wall (2) corresponding to the opening of each hard ceramic tube (6) A communication hole (8) is formed, and the treated molten metal is transferred to a cleaning tank (
4).
本発明においては各硬質セラミックチューブ（６）はそ
の両端を鏡板（７）、（７）に形成された凹部又は透孔
の内部にモルタルによって固着されるのであるが、その
少（とも一方の端部と鏡板（７）との間がクッションモ
ルタル（９）によって固着された点に特徴がある。ここ
でクッションモルタルとは＾β２０．−３１０２系等の
通常のモルタル中にセラミックファイバ等を混入するこ
とにより荷重変形性を付与したモルタルを意味するが、
本発明においては金属溶湯注入時の硬質セラミックチュ
ーブの熱膨脹を吸収できるに十分な大きさの荷重収縮率
を持つクノノヨンモルタルが用いられる。その具体的な
値は組立体（′：、）を構成する硬質セラミックチュー
ブ（６）の長さ、その膨張係数、溶湯温度、槽壁及び鏡
板（７）の材質、クッショモルタル層の厚さ等によって
変化するわけであるが、−Ｆｍ的にはクノンヨンモルタ
ル層の厚さにその荷重収縮率を乗じた値、即ちクノノヨ
ンモルタル（９）の収縮量が硬質セラミックチューブ（
６）の槽壁及び鏡板（７）に対する相対的熱膨脹量以上
となり得るような荷重収縮率を持たせればよい。例えば
硬質セラミックチューブ（６）の長さが８７４ ｍ−１
その熱膨脹率がアルミニウム溶湯濾過の使用温度で０．
５％であるとすると熱膨脹量は約４．５ｍ＋＋となるが
、側板や鏡板（７）等も熱膨脹するので相対的な熱膨脹
量は約１．５０となり、これをＪｉｌＪ３．ｓ 嘗霞、
両側で７１璽の厚さのクッションモルタル層により固着
したときには約２０％以上の荷重収縮率を持つクッショ
ンモルタルを用いれば熱応力による割れは生じないこと
となる。そしてり。In the present invention, both ends of each hard ceramic tube (6) are fixed with mortar inside the recesses or through holes formed in the end plates (7). The feature is that the space between the part and the end plate (7) is fixed by a cushion mortar (9).The cushion mortar here is ^β20.-3102 type or other ordinary mortar mixed with ceramic fibers, etc. This means mortar that has been given deformability under load.
In the present invention, a mortar having a shrinkage rate under load sufficient to absorb the thermal expansion of the hard ceramic tube during injection of molten metal is used. The specific values include the length of the hard ceramic tube (6) constituting the assembly (':,), its coefficient of expansion, the temperature of the molten metal, the material of the tank wall and end plate (7), the thickness of the cushion mortar layer, etc. However, in terms of -Fm, the value obtained by multiplying the thickness of the Kunonyon mortar layer by its load shrinkage rate, that is, the amount of shrinkage of the Kunoyon mortar (9), is the value of the hard ceramic tube (
It is sufficient to have a load contraction rate that can exceed the relative thermal expansion amount with respect to the tank wall and end plate (7) in 6). For example, the length of the hard ceramic tube (6) is 874 m-1
Its coefficient of thermal expansion is 0.0 at the operating temperature of molten aluminum filtration.
If it is 5%, the amount of thermal expansion will be about 4.5 m++, but since the side plates, end plate (7), etc. also expand thermally, the relative amount of thermal expansion will be about 1.50, and this will be determined by JilJ3. s Kasumi,
When a cushion mortar layer with a thickness of 71 cm is used on both sides, cracking due to thermal stress will not occur if a cushion mortar having a shrinkage rate under load of about 20% or more is used. Andri.
ジョンモルタルの最大収縮率とファイバー添加量との間
には第２図のグラフに示されるような関係があるので、
通常のモルタル中に１０％以上のセラミックファイバを
添加したクッションモルタルを用いれば十分である。There is a relationship between the maximum shrinkage rate of John mortar and the amount of fiber added, as shown in the graph in Figure 2.
It is sufficient to use cushion mortar in which 10% or more of ceramic fibers are added to ordinary mortar.
なお第１図中００）は組立体（５）を槽体Ｉｌｌの側壁
と隔壁（２）との間に固定するためのくさび板、（１１
）は濾過槽（３）へアルミニウム等の金属溶湯を供給す
るための供給口、（１２）は濾過されて清浄化された溶
湯の流出口である。Note that 00) in FIG. 1 is a wedge plate (11) for fixing the assembly (5) between the side wall of the tank body Ill and the partition wall (2).
) is a supply port for supplying molten metal such as aluminum to the filter tank (3), and (12) is an outlet for the filtered and purified molten metal.
（作用）
このように構成されたものは、組立体（５）を槽内にセ
ットした後に約８００ °Ｃまで昇温しでおき、供給口
（１１）からアルミニウム等の金属溶湯を濾過槽（３）
内へ供給すれば、金属溶湯は硬質セラミックチューブ（
６）によりσＳ過されて非金属介在物等が除去され、／
厚浄化されたン容ｌ易は硬質セラミックチューブ（６）
の内部から連通孔（８）を経て清浄槽（４）へ流入し、
更に流出口（１２）から取出されることは従来のこの種
の金属溶湯用濾＋８装置と同様である。しかし本発明に
おいては各硬質セラミックチューブ（６）の少くとも一
方の端部が金属溶湯証人時の硬質セラミソクチェーブ（
６）の熱膨脹を吸収できるに十分な大きさの荷重収縮率
を持つクッションモルタル（９）によって鏡板（７）、
（７）間に固着されているので、硬質セラミックチュー
ブ（６）が熱膨脹によりクッションモルタル（９）を押
圧するとこれに応してクッションモルタル（９）は厚さ
を城し熱膨脹を吸収するので、従来のように熱応力によ
って組立体（４）に割れが生ずることはない。しかもク
ッションモルタル（９）はモルタルとしての接合力及び
封止効果をも併せ持つものであるから、組立体（４）を
運搬したりクレーン等によって吊り上げた場合にもその
部分から外れるおそれはなく、また溶湯の°ノークが生
ずるおそれもない。(Function) In this structure, after the assembly (5) is set in the tank, the temperature is raised to about 800 °C, and molten metal such as aluminum is poured into the filter tank ( 3)
If the molten metal is supplied into the hard ceramic tube (
6), non-metallic inclusions etc. are removed by σS, and /
Thick and easily purified hard ceramic tube (6)
flows into the clean tank (4) through the communication hole (8) from inside the
Further, the extraction from the outlet (12) is the same as in the conventional molten metal filter +8 device of this type. However, in the present invention, at least one end of each hard ceramic tube (6) is a hard ceramic tube (6) when witnessing molten metal.
6) The end plate (7) is made of cushion mortar (9) having a sufficient shrinkage rate under load to absorb the thermal expansion.
(7), so when the hard ceramic tube (6) presses the cushion mortar (9) due to thermal expansion, the cushion mortar (9) increases in thickness and absorbs the thermal expansion. The assembly (4) does not crack due to thermal stress as in the conventional case. Furthermore, since the cushion mortar (9) also has the bonding force and sealing effect of mortar, there is no risk of it coming off when the assembly (4) is transported or lifted by a crane, etc. There is no risk of molten metal leaking.
本発明の効果を確認するため、実施例に記した寸法のア
ルミナ系硬質セラミックチューブの両・瑞を５ｋｇ／ｃ
ｍ２の圧縮応力に対する荷重収縮率が１％以下の通常の
モルタルのほか、１０％、２０％、３０％のそれぞれの
荷重収縮率を持たせた厚み合計７ｍ鵬のクッションモル
タルにより鏡板に固着し、この組立体を槽内に七ソトし
たうえ５Ｑ’Ｃ／Ｉｌｒの昇温速度で８００°Ｃまで昇
温し、３時間保持後自然放冷してυ１れの有無を調べた
。この結果、６１重収縮率が１％以下のものは７本の硬
質セラミックチューブの全部と鏡板の取付部の６個所に
タラワクが確認され、また１０％のものは７本の硬質セ
ラミックチューブ中の５本と鏡板の４個所にクラックが
’ａＴｔ Ｌ”２されたが、２０％及び３０％の荷重収
縮率を持つクッションモルタルにより固着したものは硬
質セラミックチューブ及び鏡板ともクラックは全く生し
なかった。In order to confirm the effects of the present invention, 5 kg/cm of both alumina-based hard ceramic tubes having the dimensions described in the example were prepared.
In addition to regular mortar with a load shrinkage rate of 1% or less for compressive stress of m2, cushion mortar with a total thickness of 7 m and having load shrinkage rates of 10%, 20%, and 30% is used to fix it to the head plate. This assembly was placed in a tank for 7 days, heated to 800°C at a heating rate of 5Q'C/Ilr, held for 3 hours, allowed to cool naturally, and the presence or absence of υ1 was examined. As a result, tarawaku was confirmed in all 7 hard ceramic tubes and in 6 locations of the end plate mounting part for those with 61 weight shrinkage of 1% or less, and for those with 10% shrinkage in 7 hard ceramic tubes. There were cracks in 5 tubes and 4 places on the head plate, but no cracks occurred at all in the hard ceramic tube and the head plate that were fixed using cushion mortar with load shrinkage rates of 20% and 30%. .
（発明の効果）
本発明は以上の説明からも明らかなように、硬質セラミ
ックチューブの少くとも一方の端部をクッションモルタ
ルにより鏡板に固着することにより、熱応力による割れ
を完全に防止することができ、また輸送中や組付時にお
ける組立体の破Ｉ艮がなく、更に接合部分からの溶湯の
リークをも完全に防止することができるのである。よっ
て本発明シま従来のこの種の金属溶湯用濾過装置の問題
点を解消したちのとしてｉＩ業の発展に寄与するところ
は大である。(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the present invention makes it possible to completely prevent cracking due to thermal stress by fixing at least one end of the hard ceramic tube to the head plate using cushion mortar. Furthermore, there is no possibility of the assembly being damaged during transportation or assembly, and leakage of molten metal from the joints can be completely prevented. Therefore, the present invention greatly contributes to the development of the II industry by solving the problems of conventional filtration devices for molten metal of this type.
第１図は本発明の実施例を示す部分断面図、第２図はク
ッションモルタルの最大収縮率とファイバー添加量との
関係を示すグラフである。
（５）０組立体、（６）・硬質セラミックチューブ、（
７）・Ｓｎ ＩＥ、、（９）・り、ンヨンモルタル。
第 Ｉｓ
ｌ／
９２？シ？／仁ルツルFIG. 1 is a partial sectional view showing an example of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum shrinkage rate of cushion mortar and the amount of fiber added. (5) 0 assembly, (6) Hard ceramic tube, (
7)・Sn IE,, (9)・ri, Nyon mortar. No. Isl/92? Shi? /Nirutsuru
Claims (1)
相対向する鏡板（７）、（７）間に固着した組立体（５
）を槽内に取付けた金属溶湯用濾過装置であって、各硬
質セラミックチューブ（６）の少くとも一方の端部が鏡
板（７）に形成された凹部又は透孔の内部に、金属溶湯
注入時の硬質セラミックチューブ（６）の熱膨脹を吸収
できるに十分な大きさの荷重収縮率を持つクッションモ
ルタル（９）によって固着されたことを特徴とする金属
溶湯用濾過装置。 ２、クッションモルタル（９）が通常のモルタル中に多
量のセラミックファイバを混入したものである特許請求
の範囲第１項記載の金属溶湯用濾過装置。[Claims] 1. An assembly (5) in which a plurality of hard ceramic tubes (6), (6) are fixed between opposing end plates (7), (7).
) installed in a tank, in which at least one end of each hard ceramic tube (6) is injected into a recess or through hole formed in an end plate (7). A filtration device for molten metal, characterized in that the filtration device is fixed by a cushion mortar (9) having a shrinkage rate under load sufficient to absorb the thermal expansion of a hard ceramic tube (6). 2. The filtration device for molten metal according to claim 1, wherein the cushion mortar (9) is a common mortar mixed with a large amount of ceramic fibers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61266354A JPS63118022A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Filtrating device for molten metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61266354A JPS63118022A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Filtrating device for molten metal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63118022A true JPS63118022A (en) | 1988-05-23 |
| JPH0581649B2 JPH0581649B2 (en) | 1993-11-15 |
Family
ID=17429776
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61266354A Granted JPS63118022A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Filtrating device for molten metal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63118022A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007072898A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-28 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Metal filtration equipment and filter cassette |
| JP2014210254A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-11-13 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Molten metal filter cartridge and molten metal filter device |
-
1986
- 1986-11-07 JP JP61266354A patent/JPS63118022A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007072898A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-28 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Metal filtration equipment and filter cassette |
| JP2014210254A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-11-13 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Molten metal filter cartridge and molten metal filter device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0581649B2 (en) | 1993-11-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |