JPS63114883A - Hydraulic and pneumatic breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an oil/pneumatic breaker used attached to heavy equipment such as an excavator for crushing concrete, rock crushing, etc.

[Background technology]

Conventional breakers have gas (for example, uX gas) injected into the gas chamber at the top of the cylinder, and a chisel (a rod-shaped tool used for crushing hard materials such as rock and concrete) at the bottom end of the piston. The abutment stone is positioned on the 1m1 line so that it can freely come into contact with the piston at the middle part of the piston. When the upper surface compresses the gas filled in the gas chamber and the piston reaches its highest position, the supply of the high-pressure oil body is interrupted and the piston switches to the low-pressure side, and the piston becomes free and the gas is compressed. As the compressive force loses its supporting force, the gas attempts to return to its system state by causing the piston to momentarily move downward and strike the upper end surface of the chisel connected to it, causing the tip of the chisel to A high-speed impact force is applied to solid structures such as concrete and bedrock that are in contact with the area to shatter them.

Conventional breakers such as those described above compress gas and apply striking force only by its expansion force, and in order to increase striking force, it is an inevitable condition that the breaker body must be made larger, and related to this. All equipment or equipment must also be increased in size and capacity.

[Purpose and outline of the invention]

The present invention provides a breaker which doubles the impact force while the magnitude of the V-force does not vary by adding hydraulic pressure to the expansion force of the conventional compressed gas as described above. be.

That is, the present invention supplies a high-pressure oil body to the end of the concave groove formed on the lower outer peripheral edge of the piston, compresses the gas entering the gas chamber located at the upper part of the piston, and reaches the highest point of compression. At the same time, the high-pressure oil body is reduced to a low pressure, and the high-pressure oil body is supplied to the other end of the concave groove formed on the other upper outer periphery of the piston to pressurize it, thereby adding to the expansion force of the 1O gas. In particular, a spool is built inside the distribution valve to appropriately transfer the oil from the distribution pad through the oil body passage to the upper and lower parts of the piston according to the time difference. The spool is moved up and down by an action rod to switch the passage of the high-pressure oil body between the lower side and the upper side of the piston. A connecting groove formed in the intermediate portion of the piston supplies a hydraulic fluid body for movement of the distribution valve according to the movement position of the piston.

The features of the present invention are as follows.

A connecting groove for operating the spool of the distribution valve is formed in the middle part of the piston, and groove ends are formed symmetrically on the outer peripheral edge of the upper part, and the cylinder in which the piston reciprocates has the groove ends. The cylinder has a passage for supplying a high-pressure oil body to the body, and an oil body passage for moving up and down a spool in which a distribution valve is built. It is attached and fixed to the side to supply a high-pressure oil body to the distribution valve, and also has a discharge pipe attached to discharge it to the low-pressure side.

The distribution valve is covered with a cover on the top and bottom so that the spool can freely move up and down within the cover, and the position of the spool is changed by an operating rod slidably inserted into the cover. The supply timing of the oil body for operating this oil body passage is determined by the position of the connecting groove of the piston.

Each of the oil body passages of the cylinder has a plurality of holes, and each of the oil body passages has a plurality of holes, and a concave shape is formed on the inner and outer circumferential surfaces thereof, respectively, so that the oil body is uniformly supplied to the circumferential surface of the piston, The main body has an oil body passage connecting the distribution valve and the cylinder.

[Embodiments of the invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will be explained in detail below.

FIG. 1 shows the state in which the present invention is attached to an excavator 1 or heavy equipment such as a shovel. Fig. 2 shows a surface to which the distributing valve of the present invention is attached, and Fig. 6 shows an overall sectional view of the present invention, and its operation is shown in order to sequentially display its one-motion principle. Only the main parts are shown in Figure 4.

A through hole 11 is bored in the center of the main body 10 (mainly a quadrangular body), and an upper cylinder 27, an intermediate cylinder 20. The lower cylinder 22 is connected and inserted, and the plurality of annular disc springs 12 are inserted into the upper surface of the upper cylinder 21, and then secured with spacers 1), covered with the upper cover 14, and fixed with bolts. and the upper cylinder 21 from the inner S viewing area of the upper cover 14.
A gas chamber 15 extending over the area is formed, and a gas (for example, nitrogen gas) is supplied to the gas chamber 15. Further, the cylinder 21.
21], slidably inserting the piston 30 into 22, attaching the chisel boulder 17 in which the chisel holder deshing 16 is inserted to the lower end of the main body 10, and then inserting and attaching the chisel id 18; The chisel 36 is loosely inserted into the chisel holder deck A 6 and the chisel holder guide 18 so that it can come into contact with the lower end surface of the piston 30, and the upper part of the chisel 36 is moved only within a certain range by the chisel holder bin 3T. In the gray force configured by fixing the distribution bulge 40 on one side of the middle part of the main body 10, a connecting groove 3 is attached to the middle part of the piston 30.
1, and upper and lower large diameter portions 32 and 33 having the same diameter are formed adjacent to these, and upper and lower groove end portions 34 and 35 are connected to the connecting groove 31 at the ends thereof. 2) A plurality of cylinders are formed on the wall surface of the intermediate cylinder 20C and lower so as to be symmetrical with respect to each other, and to face the lower groove end 35 of the piston 30 when the piston 30 is located at the lowest point. A lower supply hole 23 is bored, and a groove 23' is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 20 of the lower supply hole 23, and a groove 23' slightly longer in the longitudinal direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 20.
A spool 4, which will be described later, is formed so as to face the end portion where the upper large diameter portion 32 and the connecting port 1i1)1 join.
A plurality of oil body inflow holes 24 are bored in the wall of the cylinder 20, and grooves 24 long in the longitudinal direction are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 20.
' and a concave groove 24' is formed on the outer peripheral surface, and the front sC! Inflow hole 2
4, a plurality of lower conversion holes 25 are formed in the wall of the cylinder 20 so as to face the end portion where the lower large-diameter portion 33 and the connecting groove join, so as to have different positions on the circumference, and A groove 25' is formed on the outer peripheral surface, and a groove 25' is formed on the outer peripheral surface.
A plurality of upper supply holes 26 are bored in the wall of the cylinder 20 so as to communicate with the concave groove end ff1s34 at the upper part of the piston 30 when the piston 30 reaches the highest upper limit line, and from the position of the supply holes 26. A recess #26I is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 20, and a recess #126' long in the longitudinal direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 20. A plurality of upper switching holes 2T are formed in the wall of the cylinder 20, the positions of which are different from the inflow hole 24 and the lower switching hole 25 on the circumference, and grooves 27' are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the upper switching holes 2T on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 20. A recess e 27' is formed, a lower supply passage 23-1 communicating with the recess groove 23' in which the lower supply hole 23 is formed in the main body 10, and a recess 424 in which the inflow hole 24 is formed. The groove 26 has an inflow passage 24-1 communicating with the upper supply hole 26, and a conversion passage 25-1 that communicates with the groove 25' in which the lower conversion hole 25 is formed. A supply passage 26-1 is formed to communicate with the main body 10, and a conversion passage 27-1 is formed on one side of the main body 10 so as to communicate with the groove 27' in which the upper conversion hole 27 is formed. A distribution valve 40 is attached so that it can communicate with.

That is, a through hole 41 is formed in the center of the distribution valve 40 so as to be parallel to the piston 30, and the through hole 41 is formed in the middle part.
An injection hole 42 of the cylindrical oil body is bored so as to communicate with the cylindrical oil body 1, and a plurality of discharge holes 43, 43' are formed apart from the injection hole 42 and communicated therebetween by a connecting passage 43'.

The spool 4 can be moved vertically into the through hole 41.
4 is inserted, and the spool 44 forms concessional ends 44-1 and 44'-1 so as to be symmetrical upwardly and downwardly.
．． 44'-1 slides into the through hole 41, and the intermediate portion of the spool 44 has a yielding end 44-1.44.
A small diameter part 44-2 having a diameter smaller than '-1 is formed, an annular space 44-3 is formed between this and the through hole 410, and a hole 44-2 is formed above and inside the center of the small diameter part 44-2. -4°44'-4 are formed symmetrically.

Further, the discharge holes 43 are arranged symmetrically above and below the through hole 41.
, 43' are formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof, and supply ports 446 and 46' are respectively formed inwardly adjacent to the grooves 45 and 43'.
．． A supply passage 4[3-1°46'-1 is formed between the two portions 26-1 and 26-1 to communicate with each other. Further, an inflow passage 47 is formed in the intermediate portion of the distribution valve 40 so as to communicate with the demon passage 24-1 formed in the main body 10, and is communicated with the through hole 41, and a diversion passage 48. 49 are formed in the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 50' to communicate the diversion passage 48 and the diversion passage 25-1, respectively, and the diversion passage 49 is communicated with the diversion passage 21-1 and connected to the orifice 48' formed in the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 50'. , 49' and is also connected to the operating passage 51, 51', and connects the upper operating rod 52 and the lower operating rod 5.
2' is moved, and an orifice 53.53' is formed on one side of the operating passage 51.51' to communicate with the through hole 41 side.

A circular shape *54.5 is inserted into the center part of the upper and lower covers 50.50' above and below the through hole 41 to close it.
4', then intermediate end 55°55' and distal end 5
6, 56' and a sliding hole 57, 5 in the center part of it.
7' is bored and communicates with the working passage 51°51',
The upper and lower covers s o and s o' are attached to the main body of the distribution valve 400 with bolts. What is indicated by an unexplained reference numeral 60 is the backing.

To explain the operation of this embodiment configured as described above, first, high pressure oil is injected into the injection hole 42 of the distribution bulge 40.
4- (If the pressure is around 100/14) flows in, the annular space 44-3 is formed between the through hole 41 and the small diameter portion 44-2 of the spool 44 (see CMDM diagram).
The high-pressure oil body is drawn into the inflow passage 47, passes through the inflow passage 24-1 formed in the main body 10 communicating with this, enters the recess m24' formed in the outer peripheral edge of the piston 20, and enters the piston 30. At this time, when the piston 30 is at the lowest point, it valves the lower conversion hole 25 and the recesses 25' and 25' on its inner and outer circumferential surfaces to open the conversion passage of the main body 10 again. 25-1 and the diversion passage 48 of the circulation distribution valve 40.
As it passes through the orifice 48' of the upper cover 50, the velocity increases and the upper actuator 11I152 is rapidly drawn into the working passage 51, lowering the bottom surface of the hole 44-4 of the spool 44 into contact with this end. The pushing spool 44 descends to reach the lowest point, and the upper annular end 44-1 of the spool 4-4 seals the communication with the upper discharge hole 43, and all the hydraulic passages communicating with the upper discharge hole 43 are closed. The lower gutter-like end 44'-1 is open to the low pressure side, and the upper drain hole 43
The only passage that blocks the concave 445' with which it communicates and contacts the annular space 44-3 becomes a high-pressure oil body passage, and the supply passage formed on the supply concave groove 46' that communicates with it becomes a high-pressure oil body passage. A high-pressure oil body also flows into the oil body 46'-1 and is drawn into the groove 23' formed on the outer surface of the cylinder 20 through a supply passage 23-1 formed in the main body 10 communicating with the oil body. The high-pressure oil body that exits into the concave groove 23' on the inner peripheral surface through the plurality of supply holes 23 formed in the piston applies pressure to the lower concave groove end 35 of the piston 30 facing the piston 30, causing the piston 30 to rise. (See Figure 144B) Lower conversion hole 25
The large diameter portion 33 of the piston rises while sealing, and the upper surface of the piston 7300 head is filled with gas (
ψ11 compresses nitrogen gas). When the rising piston 30 reaches the highest upper position, the gas is compressed to the maximum, and the connecting groove 31 is communicated with the groove 27' in which the upper conversion hole 2T is formed.
(See figure 4c) The high-pressure oil body flowing from the inlet hole 24 changes its direction and passes into the upper diversion hole 27, which flows into the main body 1.
0 conversion passage 31!27-1, enter the conversion passage 49 of the 'd distribution valve 40 and open the orifice 49 of the lower cover 50'.
When the lower operating ring 52' is raised into the operating passage 51' at a rapidly increasing flow rate, the spool 44 is brought into close contact with the upper position as described above, and the upper discharge hole 4
The upper annular end 44-1 of the spool 44 closes the concave rs45 communicating with the spool 44, and the lower annular end 4
4'1 opens the discharge hole 43', and all the passages connected to the supply hole 23 in the lower part of the cylinder 20 are opened to the low pressure side, and at the same time, the high pressure oil body supplied to the oil body injection hole 42 is While maintaining communication with the annular space 44-3 of the spool 44, the supply direction is changed to the concave groove 46, supply passage M48-1, supply passage 26-1, and upper supply hole 26.
The piston 3 is drawn into the recess 426' on the outer peripheral surface of the piston 3, passes through the upper supply hole 26, and faces the inner r/d+M recess 26'.
By applying pressure to the groove end 34 at the top of the 0, the piston 30 descends, and the compressed bus in the gas chamber 15 tries to return to the system state; the piston 30 is descended by the expansion force and the 2N force. At this time, as mentioned above, spool 4
The high-pressure oil body supplied through the lower supply hole 23 by the upward movement of the valve 40 is discharged from the lower discharge hole 43' of the distribution valve 40.
Since the piston 30 is released to the low pressure side, the pressure in the lower concave groove end 35 is released, and when the piston 30 descends, no pressure is applied and the upper end surface of the chisel 36 is hit hard, which makes contact with the upper end of the chisel 36. Since an instantaneous impact force is applied to the hard material, the hard material is crushed and the above-mentioned operations are repeated to crush the object such as concrete or rock.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The effect of the invention is based on the principle of operation as described above, and by applying double pressure to the piston 30 by the expansion force of the compressed gas and the high pressure oil body, the force can be applied as needed rather than the conventional impact caused by the expansion force of the compressed gas alone. It can be doubled up to several times, and the natural vibration due to the constant of the equivalent spring due to the compressed gas and supply oil pressure and the mass of the girdling stone 30! By adjusting the resonant frequency by adjusting the l17 number, it can improve the impact effect and save energy, and the piston 30
It prevents pressure from forming at the bottom of the breaker to prevent the piston 30 from rising, which has the effect of preventing 9 strokes, and constantly supplies a fresh oil body to the working space to prevent heat generation in each working part and cool the entire breaker. It also has the advantage of being inducing.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a usage state diagram of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the present invention, Fig. 6 is an overall sectional view of the present invention, and Figs. 4A to 4D.
4A is a sectional view showing the initial stage; FIG. 4B is a sectional view showing the rising stage; and FIG. 4C is a sectional view showing the stage reaching the highest raised position. The figure is a cross-sectional view at the time of impact. 10... Breaker body 15... Gas presentation 20...
- Intermediate cylinder (cylinder) 21... Upper cylinder 22... Lower cylinder 23... Lower supply hole 24... Inflow hole 25... Upper conversion hole 2
6... Upper supply hole 21... Upper conversion hole 23-
1...Lower supply passage 24-1...Inflow passage 2
5-1...Lower conversion passage 26-1...Upper supply passage 21-1...Upper conversion passage 30...Piston
31... Connection groove 32... Upper large diameter part 3
3...Lower large diameter part 34...Upper concave groove end 35.
・・Lower mouth # end 36・Chiseru 40・・
・Distribution valve 41...Through hole 42...Injection hole 43.43'...Drain hole 43'...Connection passage 44...Spool 44-1.44'-1・
...Annular end 44-4.44'-4...hole 46
-1.46'-1... Supply passage 47... Direct entry passage
48.49... Conversion passage 48', 49'...
Orifice 50.50'...upper/lower cover 51.5
1'...Operating passage 52.52'...Upper/lower traverse 53.53'...Orifice.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) Main body (10) with distribution valve (40) attached to one side
), a cylinder (21, 20, 22) is inserted in the center of the breaker, a piston (30) and a chisel (36) are arranged on the same line inside the breaker, and a gas chamber (15) is provided at the top of the breaker. A connecting groove (31) is formed in the middle part of the piston (30), and then large diameter parts (34, 35) are formed in the upper and lower parts.
), and a plurality of upper and lower supply holes (23, 26) are formed in the circumferential surface of the cylinder (20) and are interlocked with the piston (30) according to the position of the piston (30). The connection groove (31) is connected to the valve (40).
) is connected to the inflow hole (24) maintained in communication with the cylinder (
A plurality of holes are formed on the circumferential surface of the distribution valve (40).
), and the upper and lower conversion holes (27, 25), which alternate on the circumference with the inflow hole (24), are connected to the cylinder (
A plurality of holes are formed on the circumferential surface of the piston (20) and connected to the distribution valve (40), and the inflow hole (24) is connected to the upper and lower conversion holes (20) according to the position of the piston (30). 27, 25
) Hydraulic/pneumatic breakers configured to work in conjunction with. (2) Through hole (4) formed in the distribution valve (40)
1), and discharge holes (43, 43') connected to both sides of the injection hole (42) by connecting passages (43'') are made to communicate with the through hole (41), respectively. (
41) A spool (44) is inserted into the interior so as to be movable up and down, an inflow passage (47) is formed in the middle part of the through hole (41), and an inflow passage (24-) is formed between the inflow holes (24). 1)
Connect the diversion passageway (4) so that it connects with the
8, 49), one end of which is connected to the upper and lower conversion holes (
27, 25) through the conversion passages (27-1, 25-1), and the other ends are connected to orifices (48', 49') formed on one side of the upper and lower covers (50, 50'). Both ends of the through hole (41) are closed with the upper and lower covers (50, 50'), and the discharge hole (41) is connected to each other.
43, 43'), and a supply passageway (46
-1, 46'-1) to form the upper and lower supply holes (
26, 23) through a supply passageway (26-1, 23-1). (3) The spool (44) has annular end portions (44-1, 44'-1) formed vertically symmetrically, and a small diameter portion (44-2) is provided in the middle portion of the annular end portions (44-1, 44'-1). Holes (44-4, 44'-4) are formed symmetrically in the holes (44-4, 44'-4) so that the annular end (44-1, 44'-1) can freely slide into the through-hole (41); An annular space (44-3) is formed between the small diameter portion (44-2) and the inner wall of the through hole (41), and the injection hole (42) and the inflow passage (47) are formed in this annular space (44-3).
In claim 2, which is configured so that the
Hydraulic/pneumatic breakers listed. (4) Close the upper and lower openings of the through hole (41) with circular jaws (54, 54') at the center portions of the upper and lower covers (50, 50'), and then close the upper and lower openings of the through hole (41) , 55'
) and end portions (56, 56') are inserted into these, respectively, and the upper and lower operating rods (52, 52') are inserted into the holes (44-4, 44') of the spool (44). -4), and the other end thereof is formed in the upper and lower covers (50, 50').
51'), said working passage (51, 51')
The orifice (53, 53') on one side is connected to the through hole (4).
1), and the orifice (48', 49') on the other side is configured to communicate with the conversion passage (48, 49). (5) Annular space (44-3) of the spool (44)
and communicates with any one of the supply passages (46-1, 46'-1), and the supply passages (46-1, 46'-1)
The passage on the other side (46'-1) is connected to the discharge hole (43, 43').
) The annular ends (44-1, 44'-1) of the spool (44) are movable by the upper and lower operating rods (52, 52') so as to open to either side of the spool (44). The oil/pneumatic breaker according to claim 3, which is configured as follows.