JPS6310918B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6310918B2 JPS6310918B2 JP2004380A JP2004380A JPS6310918B2 JP S6310918 B2 JPS6310918 B2 JP S6310918B2 JP 2004380 A JP2004380 A JP 2004380A JP 2004380 A JP2004380 A JP 2004380A JP S6310918 B2 JPS6310918 B2 JP S6310918B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- ggg
- output
- atomic percent
- yag
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPDRQAVGXHVGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium;gadolinium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Gd+3] ZPDRQAVGXHVGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はネオジム（Nd）を含有するガドリニ
ウムガリウムガーネツト（Gd3Ga5O12、以下
GGGと略記する）単結晶ロツドを発振素子とす
る高出力固体レーザヘツドの駆動方法に関するも
のである。Nd：GGGレーザに関しては従来レー
ザ発振現象は確認されているものの実用的に用い
られるには到つていなかつた。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 ) containing neodymium (Nd).
This invention relates to a method for driving a high-power solid-state laser head using a single crystal rod (abbreviated as GGG) as an oscillation element. Regarding Nd:GGG lasers, although the laser oscillation phenomenon has been confirmed in the past, it has not yet been put to practical use.
本発明者らは種々の濃度にNdを添加した光学
的均一性の良好なNd：GGG単結晶を引上法によ
り育成し、これよりレーザロツドを製作して通常
の固体レーザ用ヘツドにおいてそのパルス発振出
力特性を調べた結果、特定の濃度範囲のNdを含
むNd：GGGロツドを用いた場合には励起用ラン
プへの電気入力をある特定の値以上にして励起す
ることにより、従来Ndを活性体とする固体レー
ザとして最も優れているとされ、広く実用化され
ているイツトリウムアルミニウムガーネツト
（Y3AlO5O12、以下YAGと略記する）単結晶ロツ
ドを用いたレーザよりも高出力が得られることを
を見出した。 The present inventors grew Nd:GGG single crystals with good optical uniformity by adding Nd to various concentrations by a pulling method, manufactured laser rods from these, and used them for pulse oscillation in a normal solid-state laser head. As a result of investigating the output characteristics, it was found that when using a Nd:GGG rod containing Nd in a specific concentration range, it is possible to convert conventional Nd into an active form by exciting the electric input to the excitation lamp at a certain value or higher. It is said to be the best solid-state laser for laser beams and has higher output than lasers using yttrium aluminum garnet (Y 3 AlO 5 O 12 , hereinafter abbreviated as YAG) single crystal rod, which is widely used in practical applications. I found out that it can be done.
本発明はNd：GGGレーザにおいて従来の
Nd：YAGレーザより以上の発振効率の得られる
固体レーザの駆動方法を提供することにある。 The present invention is an improvement over conventional Nd:GGG lasers.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method for driving a solid-state laser that achieves oscillation efficiency higher than that of an Nd:YAG laser.
本発明によればネオジム（Nd）を0.8原子パー
セント以上3.5原子パーセント以下含有するガド
リニウムガリウムガーネツト（Gd3Ga5O12）単結
晶を発振素子とする固体レーザヘツドとして、該
固体レーザを駆動するに際し、光励起用ランプへ
の電気入力を当該ヘツドにおいてレーザ発振を起
すに必要な最小入力値の2.5倍以上にして発振素
子を励起することを特徴とする固体レーザの駆動
方法が得られる。 According to the present invention, when driving the solid-state laser as a solid-state laser head using a gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 ) single crystal containing neodymium (Nd) of 0.8 atomic percent or more and 3.5 atomic percent or less as an oscillation element, There is obtained a solid-state laser driving method characterized in that the oscillation element is excited by increasing the electrical input to the optical excitation lamp to 2.5 times or more the minimum input value necessary to cause laser oscillation in the head.
以下実施例によつて本発明の詳細を説明する。
第１図は本発明による方法を実施するためのレー
ザヘツドの構成の一例を示す図である。第１図１
は励起ランプ、２は発光素子すなわちレーザロツ
ド、３は集光器、４は光共振器を構成するための
反射鏡（m1）、５は４同様の反射鏡であるがレー
ザ出力を外部へ取出すため若干の光透過率を有す
るものである（m2）、６はレーザロツドに有害な
短波長の光を遮断するためのガラスフイルタであ
る。 The details of the present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a laser head for carrying out the method according to the present invention. Figure 1 1
is an excitation lamp, 2 is a light emitting element, that is, a laser rod, 3 is a condenser, 4 is a reflecting mirror (m1) for configuring an optical resonator, and 5 is a reflecting mirror similar to 4, but for extracting the laser output to the outside. 6 is a glass filter that has a slight light transmittance (m2) for blocking short wavelength light that is harmful to the laser rod.
Nd濃度の異なる長さ30mm、直径５mmのNd：
GGGレーザロツドを育成結晶より製作し、第１
図に構成するレーザヘツドに収めてランプ入力対
レーザ出力の関係をしらべたところ、結晶中に
2.0原子パーセントのNdを含有する場合に最も発
振効率が高くなることがわかつた。次に現在パル
スレーザ用として市販されている標準的性能の同
寸法Nd：YAGロツドを同じレーザヘツドに収
め、Nd：GGGロツドを用いた場合とのパルス発
振出力の比較を行つた。なおパルス用Nd：YAG
ロツドの最適Nd濃度は0.9ないし1.1原子パーセン
トとされておりここでは1.0原子パーセントの
Nd：YAGロツドを用いた。以下Nd：GGGレー
ザとの比較において全てこのNd：YAGロツドを
使用した。第１図の構成のレーザヘツドにおいて
反射鏡m2の光透過率を８パーセントに選び、ラ
ンプへの電気入力を52ジユール、ランプ発光時間
約40マイクロ秒のパルス励起を行い出力をしらべ
たところNd：GGGロツド中のNd濃が0.2原子パ
ーセントのものでは通常発振出力（波長1.062μ
ｍ）が９ミリジユール、0.9原子パーセントのも
のでは31ミリジユール、2.0原子パーセントのも
のでは38ミリジユール、3.2原子パーセントのも
のでは32ミリジユール、4.3原子パーセントのも
のでは23ミリジユールであつた。一方パルス用
Nd：YAGロツドでは通常発振出力（波長1.064μ
ｍ）は23ミリジユールであつた。このように出力
52ジユールにおいてはNd：GGGレーザの出力が
Nd：YAGレーザの出力を上廻る場合があること
がわかつた。この条件についてさらに詳しく調べ
たところNd濃度が0.8原子パーセント以上3.5原子
パーセント以下の範囲においては反射鏡ｍ２の透
過率0.5パーセント以上すなわち実用的にレーザ
出力を取出そうとする場合には全てNd：GGGレ
ーザの出力がNd：YAGの出力を上廻ることがわ
かつた。 Nd of 30 mm length and 5 mm diameter with different Nd concentrations:
A GGG laser rod was manufactured from a grown crystal, and the first
When we examined the relationship between the lamp input and the laser output in the laser head configured as shown in the figure, we found that
It was found that the oscillation efficiency was highest when Nd was contained at 2.0 atomic percent. Next, we placed an Nd:YAG rod of the same size and standard performance, which is currently commercially available for pulsed lasers, in the same laser head, and compared the pulse oscillation output with that when using an Nd:GGG rod. In addition, Nd for pulse: YAG
The optimum Nd concentration for rods is said to be 0.9 to 1.1 atomic percent, and here it is 1.0 atomic percent.
Nd:YAG rod was used. In the following comparisons with the Nd:GGG laser, this Nd:YAG rod was used. In the laser head with the configuration shown in Figure 1, the light transmittance of the reflector m2 was chosen to be 8%, the electrical input to the lamp was 52 joules, and the lamp was pulsed with a light emission time of about 40 microseconds, and the output was examined. Nd: GGG If the Nd concentration in the rod is 0.2 atomic percent, the normal oscillation output (wavelength 1.062μ
m) was 9 millijoules, 31 millijoules for 0.9 atomic percent, 38 millijoules for 2.0 atomic percent, 32 millijoules for 3.2 atomic percent, and 23 millijoules for 4.3 atomic percent. On the other hand, for pulse
Normal oscillation output (wavelength 1.064μ) for Nd:YAG rods
m) was 23 millijoules. Output like this
At 52 joules, the output of the Nd:GGG laser is
It was found that the output may exceed the output of the Nd:YAG laser. We investigated this condition in more detail and found that when the Nd concentration is in the range of 0.8 atomic percent to 3.5 atomic percent, the transmittance of reflector m2 is 0.5 percent or more, which means that when trying to obtain a practical laser output, all Nd: GGG It was found that the output of the laser exceeded that of Nd:YAG.
本実施例で述べた入力52ジユールという値は発
振開始に必要な最小ランプ入力すなわち発振しき
い値に較べればかなり大きい入力という事が出来
る。そこで同条件下でランプへの電気入力のみ低
下させてNd：YAGロツドを用いた場合との比較
を行つたところある入力以下ではNd：GGGレー
ザの出力はNd：YAGレーザの出力を下廻ること
がわかつた。第２図、第３図、第４図はこうした
状況の一例を示す図である。これらの図に示す特
性は第１図のレーザヘツドにおけるパルスm2の
透過率を８パーセントとしてパルス用Nd：YAG
ロツドを用いた場合とを比較して示したものであ
る。第２図はNd：GGGロツド中のNd濃度が0.86
原子パーセントの場合で図中ＡはNd：GGGロツ
ドの場合（実線）、ＢはNd：YAGロツドの場合
（点線）である。図から明らかなようにNd：
GGGの出力がNd：YAGの出力を上廻るのは電
気入力がx1（7.2ジユール）以上のときである。第
３図はNd：GGGロツド中のNd濃度が2.0原子パ
ーセント、第４図は同じく3.2原子パーセントの
場合である。第３図からはx2（6.3ジユール）以
上、第４図からはx3（6.6ジユール）以上の電気入
力の場合にNd：GGGの出力がNd：YAGの出力
を上廻ることがわかる。第２図から第４図までを
総合的に見るとNd：GGGレーザの出力がNd：
YAGレーザの出力を上廻るランプ入力値は濃度
により若干変わるもののランプ入力約７ジユール
以上ではいずれの濃度においてもNd：GGGロツ
ドの場合の出力がNd：YAGロツドの場合の出力
を上廻つている。次に反射鏡m2の透過率をかえ
て同様の実験を行つたところNd：GGGロツド中
のNd濃度が0.8原子パーセント以上、3.5原子パー
セント以下のロツドの場合m2の透過率0.5パーセ
ント以上の任意の透過率においてもランプ入力を
12ジユール以上とすれば全ての場合にNd：GGG
レーザの方が高出力であることがわかつた。なお
この12ジユールという値、また前述の、反射鏡
m2の透過率を８％とした場合にNd：GGGが有
利となる境界電力値７ジユールという値は本実施
例すなわち特定のレーザヘツドに特有な値であ
る。そこでNd：GGGレーザの方が有利となる一
般的条件を見出すため種々の構造をもつレーザヘ
ツドにおいて同様の試験を行なつた結果、励起の
強さを発振しきい値つまり発振開始に必要な最小
電気入力の何倍の強さであるかという表現方法を
とることにより統一的にNd：GGGがNd：YAG
より有利になる条件を明確に言い表わすことが出
来ることを見出した。これを第２図〜第４図の実
施例で説明すると、第２図においてＡ，Ｂが交差
する電気入力値をx1、ＡつまりNd：GGGの発振
しきい値をt1とするならば、x1はt1の約1.7倍であ
ることがわかる。 The input value of 52 joules described in this embodiment can be said to be a considerably large input compared to the minimum ramp input required to start oscillation, that is, the oscillation threshold. Therefore, under the same conditions, we reduced only the electrical input to the lamp and compared it with the case of using an Nd:YAG rod.We found that below a certain input, the output of the Nd:GGG laser is lower than the output of the Nd:YAG laser. I understood. FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 are diagrams showing an example of such a situation. The characteristics shown in these figures are based on the pulsed Nd:YAG, assuming that the transmittance of the pulse m2 in the laser head in Figure 1 is 8%.
This is a comparison with the case using a rod. Figure 2 shows that the Nd concentration in the Nd:GGG rod is 0.86.
In the case of atomic percent, A in the figure is for Nd:GGG rod (solid line), and B is for Nd:YAG rod (dotted line). As is clear from the figure Nd:
The output of GGG exceeds the output of Nd:YAG when the electrical input is x 1 (7.2 joules) or more. Figure 3 shows the case where the Nd concentration in the Nd:GGG rod is 2.0 atomic percent, and Figure 4 shows the case where the Nd concentration is 3.2 atomic percent. Figure 3 shows that the output of Nd:GGG exceeds the output of Nd:YAG when the electrical input is x 2 (6.3 joules) or more, and Figure 4 shows that when the electrical input is x 3 (6.6 joules) or more. Comprehensively looking at Figures 2 to 4, the output of the Nd:GGG laser is Nd:
The lamp input value that exceeds the output of the YAG laser varies slightly depending on the concentration, but at lamp inputs of about 7 joules or more, the output for the Nd:GGG rod exceeds the output for the Nd:YAG rod at any concentration. Next, a similar experiment was carried out by changing the transmittance of the reflector m2, and when the Nd concentration in the Nd:GGG rod was 0.8 atomic percent or more and 3.5 atomic percent or less, any Lamp input also applies to transmittance.
If it is 12 joules or more, Nd: GGG in all cases
It turns out that lasers have higher output. In addition, this value of 12 joules and the above-mentioned reflector
The boundary power value of 7 joules at which Nd:GGG is advantageous when the m2 transmittance is 8% is a value specific to this embodiment, that is, a specific laser head. Therefore, in order to find the general conditions under which the Nd:GGG laser is more advantageous, similar tests were conducted on laser heads with various structures. By expressing how many times stronger the input is, Nd:GGG is uniformly expressed as Nd:YAG.
We have discovered that it is possible to clearly express conditions that will be more advantageous. To explain this using the examples shown in Figures 2 to 4, if the electrical input value at which A and B intersect in Figure 2 is x 1 and the oscillation threshold of A, that is, Nd:GGG, is t 1 . , x 1 is found to be approximately 1.7 times t 1 .
同様に第３図においてx2はt2の約1.9倍、第４
図においてx3はt3の約2.0倍である。したがつて
濃度により若干の差はあるが発振しきい値の約２
倍以上、さらに再現性、測定誤差、その他の要因
を加味すると2.5倍以上の励起を行なう場合に
Nd：GGGの方がNd：YAGよりも高出力になる
ことがわかつた。反射鏡m2の透過率を変えて実
験した結果つまり前述の12ジユール以上の電気入
力でNd：GGGの方が有利になるという結果につ
いても、同様な仕方で一般的条件に拡張すること
が出来、この場合も結論として発振しきい値の
2.5倍の励起を行うことで、反射鏡の透過率を0.5
％以上の任意の値において成立することがわかつ
た。つまりNd：GGGロツド中のNd濃度が0.8原
子パーセント以上、3.5原子パーセント以下の範
囲で任意に選定したNd濃度のレーザロツドでは
いかなる構造のヘツドにおいても励起ランプへの
電気入力を当該ヘツドにおけるレーザ発振開始に
必要な入力値すなわち発振しきい値の2.5倍以上
にして励起することによりNd：GGGレーザの方
がNd：YAGレーザより発振効率が高くなるとい
う結果を得た。 Similarly, in Figure 3, x 2 is approximately 1.9 times t 2 , and the fourth
In the figure, x 3 is approximately 2.0 times t 3 . Therefore, although there are some differences depending on the concentration, the oscillation threshold is approximately 2
If excitation is more than 2.5 times higher, and when reproducibility, measurement error, and other factors are taken into account,
It was found that Nd:GGG has higher output than Nd:YAG. The result of an experiment by changing the transmittance of the reflector m2, that is, the above-mentioned result that Nd:GGG is more advantageous at an electrical input of 12 joules or more, can be extended to general conditions in the same way. In this case as well, the conclusion is that the oscillation threshold
By excitation 2.5 times, the transmittance of the reflector is reduced to 0.5.
It was found that this holds true for any value greater than or equal to %. In other words, if the Nd concentration in the Nd:GGG rod is arbitrarily selected within the range of 0.8 atomic percent or more and 3.5 atomic percent or less, the laser rod starts laser oscillation at the head of any structure when electrical input to the excitation lamp is applied. We obtained the result that the oscillation efficiency of the Nd:GGG laser is higher than that of the Nd:YAG laser by pumping the laser at an input value that is 2.5 times higher than the oscillation threshold.
なお実施例ではパルスレーザの場合を例にとり
説明してきたが当発明は実施例に限定されるもの
でなく他の励起方法においても有効なものであ
る。 Although the embodiments have been described using a pulsed laser as an example, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and is also effective in other excitation methods.
以上説明してきた本発明による方法、すなわち
Nd濃度0.8以上3.5原子パーセント以下のNd：
GGGロツドを発振素子とする固体レーザヘツド
を発振しきい値の2.5倍以上のランプ入力にて駆
動するという方法によつてはじめて従来のNd：
YAGでは得られなかつた高出力発振が可能とな
つた。 The method according to the invention as described above, viz.
Nd concentration of 0.8 to 3.5 atomic percent:
Conventional Nd:
High output oscillation, which was not possible with YAG, became possible.
第１図は本発明を実施するために必要な固体レ
ーザ用ヘツドの構成の一例を示す断面図である。
図において１は励起ランプ、２は発振素子、３は
集光器、４，５は反射鏡、６はガラスフイルタを
示す。第２図、第３図および第４図は本発明の原
理を説明するための図で、曲線ＡはNd：GGGレ
ーザの入出力特性、ＢはNd：YAGの入出力特性
の一例を示したものである。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a solid-state laser head necessary for carrying out the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is an excitation lamp, 2 is an oscillation element, 3 is a condenser, 4 and 5 are reflecting mirrors, and 6 is a glass filter. Figures 2, 3, and 4 are diagrams for explaining the principle of the present invention, where curve A shows an example of the input/output characteristics of an Nd:GGG laser, and curve B shows an example of the input/output characteristics of an Nd:YAG laser. It is something.
Claims (1)
原子パーセント以下含有するガドリニウムガリウ
ムガーネツト（Gd3Ga5O12）単結晶を発振素子と
する固体レーザヘツドを駆動するに際し、光励起
用ランプへの電気入力を当該ヘツドにおいてレー
ザ発振を起すに必要な最小入力値の2.5倍以上に
して発振素子を励起することを特徴とする固体レ
ーザヘツドの駆動方法。1 Neodymium (Nd) 0.8 atomic percent or more 3.5
When driving a solid-state laser head whose oscillation element is a gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 ) single crystal containing less than atomic percent, the electrical input to the optical excitation lamp must be the minimum required to cause laser oscillation in the head. A method for driving a solid-state laser head, characterized by exciting an oscillation element at 2.5 times or more of an input value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004380A JPS56116681A (en) | 1980-02-20 | 1980-02-20 | Driving method for solid-state laser head |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004380A JPS56116681A (en) | 1980-02-20 | 1980-02-20 | Driving method for solid-state laser head |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS56116681A JPS56116681A (en) | 1981-09-12 |
| JPS6310918B2 true JPS6310918B2 (en) | 1988-03-10 |
Family
ID=12016021
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004380A Granted JPS56116681A (en) | 1980-02-20 | 1980-02-20 | Driving method for solid-state laser head |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56116681A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4824598A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1989-04-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Synthetic laser medium |
-
1980
- 1980-02-20 JP JP2004380A patent/JPS56116681A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56116681A (en) | 1981-09-12 |
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