JPS63104631A - Method and apparatus for purifying air stream or gas stream - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Not for industrial use! f: The present invention provides a method in which an air or gas stream is guided discontinuously or continuously by gravity through a moving bed, transversely in multiple phases, in each case in one separation stage, according to the multipass-adsorption principle. Relating to a method for purifying an air or gas stream by directing it through a multi-segmented moving bed of free-flowing filter media or adsorbent material; having a vertically standing structure, the structure having an upper supply device and a lower removal device for said material, lateral connection chambers for supplying and deriving an air or gas flow, and a gas flow. one or more turning chambers for return to a second or other separation stage in the same moving bed above the first separation stage, or two connected one after the other and A vertically erected separation stage for containing fluid filter media or adsorption material, each having an upper feed device and a lower removal device for said material, which separation stage is connected to a second moving bed. is transferred to the first moving bed after it has been loaded, and has an intermediate chamber for leading off the air or gas flow from the moving bed or feeding it into the moving bed, which connects the casing; A flowable filter medium or a fluidic filter medium in which the air stream or gas stream is guided batchwise or continuously by gravity through a moving bed in a multi-pass transversely multiple-phase back and forth manner in each case in one separation stage according to the multipass-adsorption principle. The present invention relates to a device for purifying an air or gas stream by directing it through a multi-sectioned moving bed of adsorbent material.

Prior Art: In all cross-flow sediment filtration systems (multilayer adsorption filtration systems, multilayer adsorption filtration systems or multipass adsorption filtration systems), the total separation rate of the filter media or adsorbent material depends on the pile height. If the filter media (sediments) move continuously through the filter bed, reduced by hydrostatic pressure and therefore different bulk densities, flow rates and loading rates influenced thereby,
is reduced by increasing load factor in the direction of movement.

In the case of single-layer cross-flow filtration devices, attempts are made to improve this by partially changing the thickness K of the deposited layer, and in the case of multilayer filtration devices, by partially changing the thickness K of the deposited layer. This was attempted. However, the utilization of filter media or adsorbent materials remains unsatisfactory and is only slightly improved in the case of discontinuously moving deposits.

Also, short guide plates at the corners of the passages, which are used to reduce the flow resistance at the corners of the passages, contribute substantially to improving the overall separation rate of the filter media in multipass-adsorption filter casings. No.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention: An object of the present invention is to obtain a method and a moving bed filtration device for purifying an air stream or a gas stream of the type mentioned above, and to provide a moving bed filtration device #. The utilization of the filter medium or adsorbent material in the bed makes it possible to obtain almost the theoretical design value of the filter device. This should be possible both when operating the moving bed continuously and discontinuously.

Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to process the filter bed material in a second stage in a moving bed filtration device with two vertically standing filter chambers connected one behind the other.
from the first chamber or stage into the first chamber or membrane.

Means for Solving the Problems: By the way, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention divides the gas flow into 2 to n partial flows after each separation stage, and divides each partial flow into a first substream. Depending on the purification of the partial stream in the separation stage or in the preceding separation stage, the loading rate of the second separation stage or the immediately following separation stage is fed to a deposition layer which is constant, e.g. 1 by feeding a partially purified substream into the slightly loaded sedimentary layer of the second stage and appropriately diverting another or other highly purified substream.
According to the invention, furthermore, according to the invention, in the turning chamber 6 a first Lower separation stage 0. The gas stream 5 reaching the diverting chamber 6 from the moving bed 21 & D is divided into at least two sub-streams 5.1,
5.2 and in each case the least purified substream in the first or lower separation stage of the filter bed 2;
1, i.e. impinging the lower partial stream on the slightly loaded or freshly deposited NA, i.e. the upper sea of the second or upper separation stage A, B, and the first separation stage 0.1.
The presence of a device for impinging each of the better or best purified substreams 5.2 in D onto the more highly loaded layer B of the second separation stage A, B. A device for purifying an air or gas stream, characterized by a percentage of
proposed as a preferred moving bed filtration device. In this case, a particularly preferred solution in connection with this device is formed by the further features indicated in claim 6 or 4.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is solved by the intermediate chamber 107.1.
08 are all separation stages C, D and A.

The casing of B is divided into several sections or divided into 2 to n overlapping subchambers 107 and 108, each of which is connected to the first separation stage 0. Depending on the purification straw of the gas substream 105.1 or 105.2 starting from the opening 113 on the outlet side of D and including these subchambers, the second separation stage A.

Opening 1140 on the supply side of B partial chamber 107 or 10
8, another preferred embodiment of this device is characterized in that it is connected to a It is clear from the description.

A further particular advantage of the invention is that in the case of a multilayer adsorptive filtration device or a multipass adsorption filtration device with a moving bed, the gas stream to be filtered contains poorly purified fractions after the first deposition layer. is guided to impinge on a slightly loaded sedimentary layer. In this case, the portion of the filter bed that is passed through can have different dimensions, ie height or thickness, for optimization. Therefore, by simple means of gas or air guidance, the separation efficiency or filter medium utilization can be increased in a careful manner. Therefore, it is possible to improve the total separation rate for the same amount of filter media usage, to reduce the total filter media consumption for the same total separation rate, to reduce the pressure loss when supplying air, and to recover the consumed filter media. Lower costs can be obtained when living or storing. In this case, the invention can be used for all types of harmful substances in gas or air streams. Furthermore, it may be possible to meter additives, e.g. ammonia during NO conversion, to the individual separation stages of the apparatus by gas distribution, in order to more precisely determine the residual hazardous substance content. can be regulated, thus overdosing etc. are excluded.

Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, the separation rate of the filter medium or adsorption material or the utilization rate of the filter medium is increased by forming the casing 1 of the moving bed 1111 filtration device in connection with the gas guide or air guide. thereby improving the overall separation rate at exactly the same amount of filter media usage;
For the same overall separation rate, it is possible to achieve a reduction in 1ci11 material consumption and a reduction in pressure loss when supplying air and a reduction in kl use when regenerating or storing spent filter media. can.

EXAMPLE Next, details of the method of the invention and of the moving bed apparatus to which it pertains will be further explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

FIG. 1 shows the air stream to be purified or connection chambers 3 and 4 flanged in a gas-tight manner to the J chamber for supplying or withdrawing a gas stream 5;
and a turning chamber 6.

These chambers form two separation stages, the first lower separation stage consisting of bed zones B and C and the second upper separation stage consisting of bed zones B and A. These bands are limited in the drawing by dashed lines 15. A gas stream 5 is fed via the lower chamber 3 on the untreated air side. After passing through zones A and B as separation stages of fs2, one gas stream is passed through the zones A and B as a first separation stage and After flowing through C, it is diverted in the diversion chamber 6 or returned to the moving bed. The loading of filter media, e.g. fresh activated carbon, into the moving bed in the filter chamber 1.1 takes place from above via the upper lower, and the removal of e.g. loaded activated carbon takes place from below through the lower opening 8. . The filter bed therefore moves sequentially from top to bottom through zones A, B, O and D.

Room 1 stands vertically and is essentially a thin, fully closed button;
It consists of a plate casing, and the walls of this thin plate casing have
Openings 12, 13 and 14 are included, which are covered by air passage gratings or sieves 9° 10 and 11, in which case the openings of the sieves 9° 10 and 110 are smaller than the particle size of the filter medium. On the openings 12 and 13 the supply chamber 3 and the outlet chamber 4 are arranged in a gas-tight manner, and on the deflection opening 14 the deflection chamber 6 is arranged in a gas-tight manner. In this case, the flow path is
Between the upper 12ii edge of the opening 12 and the lower edge of the opening 13, at least a partial gas volume which takes a direct passage through the filter medium 2, bypassing the diversion chamber 6, is equal to the main air flow in the filter bed. They are separated as long as the residence time, ie generally twice the depth of the filter bed.

A guide plate 16 is introduced into the deflection chamber 6, which guide plate separates the deflection chamber into two partial channels 17 and 18. All the partial passages 17 and 18 are mutually arranged with their beginnings in the zones and C of the first separation stage, which are separated by approximately fi 115 on the side opposite the feed opening 12, and in which all the zones The gas contents from the two are each separately conducted further to a second separation stage. In this case, the partial passage 17 extends from the bottom zone to the partial flow 5.
．． 11 - leading to the top zone A and the other partial passage 18 with a partial flow of 5.2 t? Guide from lf range C to band B.

Furthermore, the gas enters into two zones and OK through the openings 12 and the grid 9' on the untreated air side of the first separation stage and separately into two partial gas flows for the whole zone. Streams 5.1 and 5.2 are fed via channels 17 and 18 to zones A and B of the second stage after a change in flow direction. Thereafter, the gas is discharged again on the purified air side via the discharge chamber 4. The position of the guide plate 16 can be varied, so that the bands C or A and B are of the same size (see compartments 1.2 and 1.3 for the second prisoner).
or each one zone is twice the size or twice the height of the other zones (chamber 1 in Figure 1).
．． 1 or chamber 1.4 in Figure 2). The thin guide plate 16 is
It can be fixedly mounted, but it can also be movably mounted. In exactly the same way, a division into more than two partial channels means that more than one guide lamella 16
K, which allows a reasonably large number of zones to be obtained in the individual separation membranes.

Furthermore, the principle of the method for air purification or gas purification in the casing 1 is as follows: the two gas streams 5 are divided into partial streams 5.1 and 5 in the first separation stage depending on their purification flow, respectively. .2 and this substream is then each again intentionally fed to a specific bed of the second separation stage depending on its loading factor. In this case, for example, the partial flow 5.1 is
The bottom layer or zone D1, the least purified zone (because this zone has the highest loading factor), is supplied K, and the top layer or zone AK of the second stage is supplied. (That's because this band A
is the newest, i.e., least loaded).

On the contrary, the second least purified substream 5.2 is
Band 0 (this band C has the second highest load factor).

) to the second top band B, ie the second newest band.

An optimum total loading of the filter medium 2 is thus achieved.

FIG. 2 (in this case with the same numbers in the same positions as FIG. 1) shows a number of parallel connected proposals and in its left part two chambers 1.2 and 1.3, which The turning chambers are contained together in a common chamber 19. Arranged in this chamber 19 on both sides are guide plates 20 and 21, which are maintained at a distance from each other by supports 22 and are fixed to the walls of the chamber 19. Furthermore, a common partial channel 23 between these guide plates 20 and 21 is formed for the partial flow 5.1 from the zone of the two filter chambers 1.2 and 1.3 to A; Partial passages 24 and 25 carry the partial flow 5. from the zone to B.
Formed for 2. In this case, the separation line 15 between the bands
are provided so that the two bands C and F or A and B are at the same height.

However, the principle is that the filter chamber 1. It is exactly the same as shown with IK.

The two proposals 1.3 and 1°4 in the right part of Figure 2 are:
A common connection chamber 2 for supplying and deriving a gas stream 5″
6 and 27. For proposal 1.4, bands 0 and B are configured to have a height K that is twice as high as that for bands A and A. However, the gas flow 5'ft split and stop principle of the partial streams fed to zones with different loading rates of the immediate next separation step depending on the purification rate is exactly the same as shown in FIG. . In the case of parallel connected casings, the same position exists in each case.

Starting from the same casing as shown in FIG. 1 without dividing the air flow 5 into sub-flows 5.1 and 5.2, the same zone t' A? When defined as B, O and D, provided that the bands or layer thicknesses are the same height,
For example, a typical decontamination factor D'F of DFA-100DF'B-10 DF0-3 and DIFD-1111,5 is obtained for the individual zones when operated continuously and this decontamination factor DF is If the ratio of the hazardous substance concentration at the filtration device inlet to the hazardous substance concentration at the filtration device outlet is・DFIB-DFo-D'FD
A total decontamination coefficient of DP slope −−36,5 (DF + DP )·(DFo+ DF′D)B is obtained.

For the new method in the proposed moving bed filtration device with separation into sub-streams and separate zone loading in the individual separation stages, an improvement of the total decontamination factor, i.e. about a factor of 37, is obtained. . In this case, the separation rate of the filtration device is:

The method described is based on the recognition that the air flow or gas flow from the first stage has different purification rates from bottom to top. This is because the downward gravity determines different loading rates for each separation stage within the zone to which the filter medium or adsorption material belongs, depending on the direction of movement of the filter bed, either from the bottom upwards or from the top downwards. It is.

As described above, the purification rate in one stage can be expressed by the decontamination coefficient DF, which indicates the ratio of the concentration of harmful substances at the inlet of the filtration device to the concentration of harmful substances at the outlet of the filtration device.

The housings according to FIGS. 3 to 5 are basically the same in the way they are used, but their zones A, B and O, D are each arranged one after the other and separately.

In this case, FIG. 5 shows the multipath adsorption principle (nws)
Presenting the filter casing for the purification method by
This filter casing essentially has an upper load opening 1
18 and lower load removal - lo 119vi - filter chambers 101 and 102 for accommodating fluid filter media or adsorbent material as moving beds; It consists of connecting chambers 104 and 106 for supplying and discharging the air or gas stream 105 to be purified, and intermediate chambers 107 and 108.

Two successive separation stages are formed by the two successively connected filter chambers 101 and 102, the first separation stage consisting of a filter bed zone C and C, and the second separation stage consisting of a filter bed zone C and C. It consists of bed zones B and M, where B and B each form the lower part of the rung and 0 and M each form the upper part of the rung. The individual bands are separated from each other in FIG. 5 by dotted lines.

A gas or air stream 105 passes through a connection chamber 104 on the untreated air side to the grid 11 in the first separation stage of the filter chamber 101.
0 through an opening 109 covered by 0. The discharge on the purified air side from the second stage of the chamber takes place via an opening 111 with a grid 112 and a connecting chamber 116f.

First separation stage and second separation stage or two compartments 1
Intermediate chambers 108 and 107 interconnecting bands C and B or D and At of 01 and 102, respectively, are connected to other openings 113 and 114 with their covered gratings 116 and 117. covered grid 110,1
12° When using 4Cll instead of 116 and 117, the opening of this sieve should be adjusted to maintain the filter bed.
The particle size is smaller than that of 03.

first separation stage or zones C and D of the first filter chamber
and two intermediate chambers 10 which commonly form a horizontal connection with the second separation stage or zone and B of the second filter chamber.
7 and 108, the lower band of the first stage is combined with the upper band A of the second stage in a special manner, and the upper band C of the first stage is
is guided to join the lower zone B of the second stage. The air stream 105 is thus divided into two partial gas streams 105.1 and 105.2, the upper partial gas stream 105.2 passing through zone C and then passing through zone B. Page flow, first partial gas flow at the bottom 105.
1 first flows through the zone A and then through the zone A.

In this case, the two flows 105.1 and 105.2 or the associated intermediate chambers 107 and 10B pass side by side, crossing each other, as is clear from FIGS. 3 and 5.

Furthermore, the initially slightly purified substream 105.1 from the first stage thus differs from the slightly loaded sediment layer or zone AK in the second stage in contrast to the strongly purified substream 105.1 from the first stage. Part-stream 105.2 reaches the highly loaded deposit layer or zone B of the second stage. The casing thus makes it possible for the method principle described above to also hold true for two vertically juxtaposed chambers 101 and 102, which chambers are connected one after the other in the gas flow; and second stage floor zones A and B.

After this bed zone is preloaded 1c first zones O and D
In addition, air stream 105 is transferred into sub-streams 105.1 and 105.1.
2 Starting from the same casing as in FIG. 5 without gas mixtures with mutual arrangement of the zones without division, and as in the embodiment mentioned, first overlapping zones 0 and DK, then The same zones A, B, O and D with the decontamination factors listed so that the gas flow flows through them in common, respectively
If we define t, then for the conventional casing we get:

However, for a moving bed filtration device according to the invention with separation into substreams and separate zone loading in the individual separation stages, it is obtained, ie an improvement factor of about 75 times. In this case, the separation rate of the filtration device is determined by η-100-100C10, assuming DF.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a moving bed filtration device according to the invention for purifying an air or gas stream by means of the multipass adsorption principle; FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a moving bed filtration device according to the invention having three and more parallel connected filter beds, offset from the position shown in FIG. 4 shows a front view of a moving bed filtration device' according to FIG. 6, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the moving bed filtration device according to FIG. 6; 2... Moving bed, 5... Gas flow, 5.1. 5.2・
...partial flow, 6,19...turning chamber, 16,20.21
...Guide thin plate, 17.18, 23, 24.25...
Partial passage, 105.1. 105.2...Gas partial flow, 107.108...Intermediate chamber, 113,114...
・Opening, M, B, O, D...Separation stage. : Engraving of the drawing (no changes to the content) Fig, 1 Guide 1 ^・J board 17.18...Partial passage

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A multi-pass air or gas stream is transversely moved back and forth in multiple phases according to the adsorption principle, in each case in one separation stage, discontinuously or continuously by gravity via a moving bed. A process for purifying an air or gas stream by directing it through a multi-segmented moving bed of guided fluid filter media or adsorption material, in which this gas stream is passed through two or more separated stages after each separation stage. n substreams, each substream having a loading factor of the second or immediately following separation stage depending on the purification rate of the substream in the first or preceding separation stage. feeding a certain deposition layer, for example a slightly purified substream from the first stage to a slightly loaded deposition layer of the second stage and another or other strongly purified substream A method for purifying an air or gas stream, characterized in that it is suitably diverted and fed to one or other highly loaded deposited layers. 2. A vertical filter chamber for receiving a moving bed of fluid filter media or adsorbent material, which filter chamber has an upper supply device and a lower withdrawal device for the material, and an air or gas flow. lateral connection chambers for supply and withdrawal and one or more diversion chambers for returning the gas stream to the second or other separation stage in the same moving bed above the first separation stage. The air stream or gas stream is guided discontinuously or continuously by gravity through a moving bed, in each case in one separation stage, in a multi-pass-adsorption principle, transversely in multiple phases, equipped with In an apparatus for purifying an air or gas stream by directing it through a multi-segmented moving bed of fluid filter media or adsorbent material,
In the diversion chamber (6) at least two partial streams of the gas stream (5) are arranged which reach the diversion chamber (6) from the first lower separation stage (C, D) via the moving bed (2). (5.1, 5.2)
and in each case in the first or lower separation stage (D) of the filter bed (2) the least purified substream (5.1), i.e. the lower substream, is slightly loaded. or on a fresh deposited layer (A), i.e. on the upper layer of the second or upper separation stage (A, B) and which is better or best purified in the first separation stage (C, D). characterized in that there is a device for impinging each and every substream (5.2) onto the more highly loaded layer (B) of the second separation stage (A, B), A device that purifies air or gas streams. 3. The device for dividing the gas stream (5) into sub-streams (5.1, 5.2) consists of guide plates (16 or 20, 21) which separate the separation stages (C, D and A, B) between the turning rooms (6 or 19)
) is divided into partial channels (17, 18 or 23 and 24, 25) from the inlet to the outlet, the inlets and outlets of which interposition deposit layers having different purification rates. The device according to paragraph 2. 4. The guide plates (16 or 20, 21) in the turning chamber (6 or 19) are arranged so that their position in the chamber (6 or 19) is different from the height or height of the zones A, B, C and D or layers. 6. Device according to claim 5, which is longitudinally slidable or height-adjustable to create a thickness. 5. Two vertically connected filter chambers for accommodating flowable filter media or adsorption materials as separation stages with an upper supply device and a lower removal device for said materials, respectively. This separation stage, after the second moving bed has been loaded, is in each case transferred to the first moving bed and connects the casing, which leads off the air stream or the gas stream from the moving bed or connects the moving bed to the moving bed. Multiple passages for air or gas flow, with intermediate chambers for feeding into -
According to the adsorption principle, a large number of fluid filter media or adsorbent materials are separated laterally one after the other, each in one separation stage, discontinuously or continuously guided by gravity through a moving bed. By guiding through a moving bed,
In the device for purifying air or gas streams, this intermediate chamber (107, 108) constitutes several divisions of the casing of the respective separation stage (C, D and A, B), or two or more. It is divided into n overlapping partial chambers (107 and 108), and each partial chamber (107
and 108) is the purification rate of the gas partial stream (105.1 or 105.2) starting from the opening (113) on the outlet side of the first separation stage (C, D) and including these partial chambers. The second separation stage (A,
Device for purifying an air or gas stream, characterized in that it is connected to a subchamber (107 or 108) of the opening (114) on the supply side of B). 6. The intermediate chamber (107) with the least purified substream (105.1) is connected to the lower filter bed zone (105.1) of the first separation stage.
Starting from D), it is connected to a subchamber (107), the lower filter bed zone of which is combined with the slightly loaded, ie upper sediment layer or bed zone (A) of the second separation stage. , on the contrary, a partial chamber (108) with a highly purified partial stream (105.2) starts from the upper sedimentary layer or zone (C) of the first separation stage and connects to the part of the opening (114). 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the upper zone is combined with a highly loaded or lower deposited layer or zone (B) of the second separation stage. 7. Device according to claim 6, in which the connecting parts of the subchambers (107, 108) intersect and pass past each other.