JPS6299596A - Method of crushing base rock - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a rock crushing method in which rock is crushed by expanding a hole provided in the rock.

"Prior Art" Generally, in tunnel excavation, etc., a method is used to crush rock by applying an impactful force using explosives, a rock drill, etc. However, this method applies a shocking force to the rock, which not only generates vibration and noise, but is also dangerous. Therefore, in recent years, in order to prevent such drawbacks,
Various methods of fracturing rock using static forces have come into use.

Conventionally, the method of crushing rock using this type of static force is as follows:
The methods shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 and the methods shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are known.

The method shown in FIGS. 6-8 uses a static crushing agent. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, this method involves drilling a hole H in rock R, filling this hole 1 with a paste-like static crushing agent I, and solidifying the static crushing agent I. This method utilizes the property of the rock to expand during tunneling to crush the rock.At the tunnel excavation face, as shown in Figure 8, in addition to drilling a large number of holes H in the rock, the A concave portion W serving as a surface is formed, and a static crushing agent is filled into the large number of holes H to crush the rock.

Further, the method shown in FIGS. 9 to 1O involves crushing and excavating rock using a rock drill. FIG. 9 shows a rock drill 2 used in this method. This rock splitting machine 2 has a wedge-shaped wedge 22 that is driven by a hydraulic cylinder inside the main body 2, and beak-shaped wedge guides 23 and 23 are provided on both sides of the wedge 22. . And this jackhammer 2 is a rock R
The wedge guide 23゜23 is inserted into the hole H previously provided in the
By inserting the wedge 22 and protruding the wedge 22, the wedge guides 23 and 23 are pushed out to both sides and the rock R is crushed.

A method of crushing rock R at a tunnel excavation face using the rock splitting machine 2 as described above will be described with reference to FIG. 1O. First, a recess V is formed approximately in the center of the rock surface F, which is perpendicular to the rock surface F and whose opening is vertically oriented.

Next, a large number of holes I (for inserting the rock splitting machine 2) are formed perpendicularly to the rock surface F around this recess V. The rock surface r? First, the rock splitter 2 is inserted into one or two holes closest to the recess V.

At this time, the rock splitting machine 2 is moved to its wedge guide 23.2.
3 is arranged so that one of the two directions in which it is expanded faces the recessed portion (2). Then, operate these jackhammers 2,
The rock between the hole 1 (in which the rock splitter 2 is inserted) and the recess V is pressed to the side of the recess V to generate cracks and crush the rock. In this way, the rock splitter 2 crushes the rock. This is carried out sequentially starting from the hole closest to the recess V to crush the entire face.

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" By the way, in the method of crushing rock using the static crushing agent 1, the static crushing agent 1 is expensive and takes a long time to solidify and expand. There was a problem in that it required time and the crushing work took time.

In addition, in the method of crushing rock using the rock drill 2, a large number of holes I] are provided on the rock surface F, and the number of rock breakers 2 that can be used simultaneously on the rock surface F is limited to ( For this reason, the rock drilling machine 2 has to be reinstalled from one hole to the next after it has been crushed, which poses the problem of not being able to carry out efficient construction. In addition to the heavy weight of the machine, which puts stress on the workers, there is also the problem of high construction costs because the rock drills are expensive.

In other words, the rock splitting machine 2 requires a large hydraulic cylinder to convert the pressure of hydraulic oil into large force. For this reason, not only does the main body 2I having this hydraulic cylinder become large and heavy, but also because this heavy main body 2I protrudes from the hole H, the rock splitting machine 2 tends to tilt 1-, which makes it difficult for the operator to support the main body 21. There is a need. by the way,
This rock splitting machine 2 is very heavy (approximately 40 kg), so it must be supported by two people.On the other hand, since the space on the curved surface of the rock surface F is limited, many workers can use it at the same time. Therefore, the number of rock drills 2 that can be simultaneously injected into the rock surface F is limited.In addition, this rock splitter 2 applies pressure of hydraulic oil to a large force through a large-diameter piston. Since the wedge guides 23 and 23 are pushed apart by the wedge action of the wedge 22 connected to this piston, a large amount of hydraulic oil is required to move the wedge guides 23 slightly in the width direction. It is necessary to supply the oil to the cylinder.For this reason, a normal hydraulic unit can only drive about two rock drills 2, which limits the number of rock breakers that can be used at the same time on the rock surface F. Furthermore, since this rock splitting machine 2 has mechanical parts such as hydraulic cylinders, the entire device is relatively expensive, and for this reason, a large number of rock splitting machines 2 cannot be input at the same time.

Alternatively, a method can be considered in which a frame 12 is constructed on the rock surface F and the rock splitter 2 is supported by this frame. According to this method, a large number of rock breaking machines 2 can be simultaneously introduced into the rock surface F, but on the other hand, it requires cost and time to construct a frame, and it is difficult to drive a large number of rock drilling machines 2. , a large number of expensive hydraulic units are required, and the rock drill 2 itself is also expensive. Therefore, when viewed as a whole, this method is too costly and difficult to put into practical use.

"Purpose of the Invention" The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rock crushing method that enables efficient construction, reduces worker labor, reduces construction costs, and has a high rock crushing speed. shall be.

"Structure of the Invention" In the invention, a recess is formed in the rock surface to be excavated in the direction of excavation, a number of holes extending in the direction of excavation are bored around this recess, and one end of the hole is drilled into these holes. A large number of crushing rods each having a closed elastic deup and a convex portion provided on the outer periphery of the duup and whose width becomes gradually narrower in the radial direction outwards are inserted, and pressure is applied to each crushing rod. By supplying oil and pushing out each hole in +'+ii,
This was done by creating cracks in the bedrock and crushing it.

"Embodiment" An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a rock crushing method according to the present invention. In this figure, reference numeral 3 indicates a rock crushing device.

This rock crushing device 3 includes a hydraulic unit 3 serving as a hydraulic power source.
1. A hydraulic hose 32 for supplying and recovering hydraulic oil is connected to this hydraulic unit 31.

A control valve unit 33 is connected to this hydraulic hose 32. This control valve unit 33 is for distributing and supplying the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic unit 31 to each crushing rod, and is equipped with a large number of valves. This control valve unit 33 has six hydraulic hoses 34...
... are connected, and a crushing rod 4 is connected to each of the hydraulic hoses 34.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, this crushing rod 4 is equipped with a tube 41 made of urethane rubber. This tube 41 is filled with hydraulic oil (pressure oil) 42, and closure fittings 43, 44 are provided at both ends of this tube 41 to close these ends. Further, a hydraulic hose 45 is connected to one of the closing fittings 43,
Pressure oil is supplied into the tube 11, and the first tube 4
It is designed to inflate 1. In addition, in the vicinity of the closing fitting 43 of the hydraulic hose 15, a receiving 11 fitting 46 that protrudes outward is provided, and when inserting the tube 41 into a hole provided in the rock,
1 axial positioning is possible.

Furthermore, a pair of half-split outer cylinders 47, 47 are provided on the outer periphery of the tube 41. This half-split outer cylinder 17 has a shape in which a cylindrical member is split in half along a cross section including its axis. These half-split outer cylinders/17.47 are
There is a joint 48 between the pair of half-split outer cylinders 47 and 47.
. . . are connected to each other, and are fitted with their inner circumferential surfaces in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the duplex 41. And these half-split outer cylinders・17. 17 is expanded in the radial direction by expanding the duplex 41, and the joint 48...
The amount of widening is regulated by... The outer peripheral surface of this half-split outer cylinder 47 is provided with a convex ridge portion (convex portion) 49 that protrudes radially outward. This convex ridge portion 19 is formed in a wedge shape whose width becomes gradually narrower as it goes outward in the radial direction, and is located at the midpoint in the circumferential direction of the half-split outer cylinder 47 along the longitudinal axis of the half-split outer cylinder 47. It is provided across the entire range of directions. The convex ridge portion 49 is formed by expanding the duplex 41.
It is pushed outward in the radial direction to crush the rock.

Next, a method of crushing rock at a face in tunnel excavation using the rock crushing device 3 as described above will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1, 4, and 5.

First, a concave recess U is formed approximately in the center of the bedrock of the face. This recess U is for securing a free surface when applying force to the rock R to create a crack with the crushing rod 4, and is perpendicular to the rock surface F and has the same length as the crushing rod 4. The opening is formed as a slit-like groove formed in the vertical direction. Note that usually
As shown in FIG. 4, this recess U is formed by vertically communicating a cylindrical space perpendicularly to the rock surface F by drilling with a bit having a larger diameter than the crushing rod 4.

Next, six holes H for inserting the crushing rods 4 are formed perpendicularly to the rock surface F around this recess U. Of these six holes H, two holes HI are located on the left side of the recess U toward the rock surface F, at approximately the same distance from the recess U;
H1 is formed, and two holes H2 and H2 are also formed on the right side. The remaining two holes H3 and H4 among the six holes are formed at the upper left and upper right of the recess U, respectively.

Hole H1,i (I, H2゜H2
, H3, and H4 respectively. At this time, these crushing rods 4 are arranged so that the direction perpendicular to the plane passing through the two convex ridges 49 and 49 faces toward the recess U, as shown in FIG.

Next, the crushing rods 4 mounted in such a deaf manner are sequentially operated. Note that a series of operations of the crushing rod 4 are performed by operating a control valve unit 33.

First, hydraulic oil is pressurized into the holes HI and the crushing rods 4 inserted into the holes HI to operate them. Then, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 5, the tube 41 expands, and the convex ridge 49 provided on the half-split outer cylinder 47 presses against the inner wall of the hole H1. At this time, the expansion force of the tube 4I is concentrated at the tip of the convex ridge 49, causing a crack C to occur in the inner wall of the hole H1. Then, the convex ridge portion 49 bites into this crack C by the action of a wedge, forcing the crack C to widen and grow further. In this way, the rock R around the hole H1 has cracks C oriented radially outward from the convex ridge 49.
is formed. On the other hand, a similar crack C is formed around the other hole H1, and as shown in FIG.
, HI is formed. Further, due to the wedge action of the convex ridge 49, the rock R+ between the inscription holes H1, H1 and the recess U is pressed in the direction of the recess U, and thereby the hole r-11 on the second side and the recess U The crack C1b that connects
is formed, and similarly a crack C1c connecting the lower hole H1 and the recess U is formed. In this way, the rock mass R1 is separated from the rock mass R by the crack CI. Hereinafter, similarly, the crushing rods 4, 4 in the holes H2, H2, the crushing rod 4 in the hole H3,
The crushing rod 4 in the hole H4 is operated once in this order. and,
By forming cracks c2, c3, and cracks C4, rock masses R2, rock masses R3, and rock masses R4 are successively separated.

In this way, from bedrock R to bedrock R1, R2, R3, R
After separating 4, pull out these rocks.

Then, by repeating the above steps, the outer rock is sequentially crushed and a tunnel is excavated.

As mentioned above, this crushing rod 4 is hydraulically moved into the tube 4.
1 is directly expanded, and the expansion force is used to crush the rock R. Therefore, the entire device can be made small and lightweight to the extent that it can be accommodated in the hole T-1 provided in the rock R. At the same time, the amount of hydraulic oil required during operation can be reduced, and since there is no mechanical part such as a hydraulic cylinder, the device can be made safer.

Therefore, in this rock crushing method, the crushing rod 4
There is no need for a worker or a support stand to support the machine. Further, since the amount of hydraulic oil required to operate the crushing rods 4 is small, a large number of crushing rods 4 can be driven by one hydraulic power source unit, and the crushing rods 4 themselves are inexpensive. Therefore, a large number of crushing rods 4 can be attached to the rock R in advance, and the crushing work can be performed efficiently. Moreover, since the crushing rod 4 is inexpensive, the construction cost can be reduced, and since there is no need to support the crushing rod during work, the labor of the worker can be reduced. Also,
Since hydraulic pressure is used as power, the crushing work can be done in a shorter time than when using chemical changes such as chemicals.

In the above embodiment, the convex ridge portion 49 is used as the convex portion, but there is no need to limit it to this, and the halved outer cylinder 4
At the position where the convex ridge portion 49 is provided on the outer circumferential surface of No. 7,
A large number of cone-shaped, pyramid-shaped, wedge-shaped protrusions, etc., whose diameters or widths become gradually narrower as they move outward in the radial direction, may be provided in a spaced manner.

Further, in the above embodiment, a slit-shaped groove formed downward is used as the recess, but it is not limited to this, and any shape that can easily crush the rock can be used. It can be of any shape.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, as a method of sequentially operating the crushing rods 4, the control valve unit 3 is manually operated.
3, but there is no need to limit it to this, and it may be automatically operated using a control device or the like.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, according to the present invention, a recess is formed in the rock surface to be excavated in the direction of excavation, and a large number of holes extending in the direction of excavation are drilled around this recess. and inserting into these holes a number of crushing rods each having an elastic tube with one end closed and a protrusion that is provided on the outer periphery of this tube and whose width gradually narrows as it goes radially outward; By supplying pressure oil to each crushing rod and pushing the holes apart, cracks are created in the rock and the cracks are crushed, allowing for efficient construction and reducing the labor of the workers. , construction costs can be lowered,
Furthermore, it has the effect of increasing the speed of crushing the rock.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 5 are diagrams showing a rock crushing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a perspective view thereof, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view thereof.
The figure is a side view showing the crushing rod used in this rock crushing method, Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in Figure 2, and Figure 4 is the
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the portion indicated by arrow V in FIG. , Figure 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the state in which a hole in the rock is filled with static crushing agent, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view along the line ■-■ in Figure 6, and Figure 8 is a static crushing agent at the tunnel face. FIGS. 9 and 10 are front views showing a state in which rock is crushed using a chemical agent, and FIGS. FIG. 10 is a front view showing the positions of holes and recesses when rock is crushed using the rock splitter of FIG. 9 at a tunnel face. 4... Crushing rod, 4I... Tube, 42.
......Hydraulic oil (pressure oil), 49...Convex ridge (
Convex part), R...Bedrock, U...Concave part, HI
, H2, II3, I(4----hole, C, CI,
CI a, Clb, CIc, C2, C3, C4--Crack.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A recess is formed in the rock surface to be excavated in the direction of excavation, a number of holes extending in the direction of excavation are bored around this recess, and elastic tubes with one end closed and this By inserting a number of crushing rods having convex portions that are provided on the outer circumference of the tube and whose width gradually becomes narrower toward the outside in the radial direction, and supplying pressurized oil to each crushing rod, the holes are forced wider. , a rock crushing method that creates cracks in the rock and crushes it.