JPS6283853A - Feed additive and feed for culture of banded shrimp - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a feed additive effective to keep the body color of banded shrimp and suppress the fading of the color, by extracting a greenleaf vegetable with acetone, extracting the unsaponified fraction of the extract with hexane, concentrating the extract and using the concentrate at a component of the feed additive. CONSTITUTION:Dried leaf of GIN-NEMU (Leucaena glauca) or a greenleaf vegetable such as alfalfa metal is used as a raw material and an acetone-soluble fraction is separated therefrom. The unsaponified fraction in the extract is extracted with hexane and the obtained extract is concentrated and used as an active component of the objective feed additive for the culture of banded shrimp. The above composition may be adsorbed to powdery feed such as fish metal, shrimp crust, etc., or may be mixed with an emulsifier, edible oil or antioxidant. A feed for culture of banded shrimp containing the above concentrate as an active component can be produced by adding the extract obtained by the hexane-treatment to an assorted feed for banded shrimp.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention provides a feed for cultivating prawns, particularly a feed additive for cultivating prawns that maintains the body color of prawns and reduces color development, and a feed additive for prawn aquaculture in which the additive is mixed. Concerning feed for cultivating prawns.

[Prior art]

It is known that the market price of live prawns is influenced by whether the distinctive striped color tone of the prawns is clearly expressed. The color of the shrimp's body changes depending on the amount of astaxanthin pigment it contains.

In addition, natural feed such as mysids, bivalves such as clams, and other raw feed or pre-frozen feed is used as feed for shrimp farming, but as it has become difficult to obtain large amounts and continuously due to resource constraints, Recently, compound feeds consisting of shrimp meal, krill meal, fishmeal and other protein sources, vitamins and other nutritional substances have been developed. However, these shrimp culture feeds lack astaxanthin or β-carotene, which can be converted to astaxanthin, because they lack the pigment that maintains the shrimp's body color.

Pigments such as canthaxanthin (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 47-2778
No. 9), Chlorella algae containing β-carotene (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 49
-131894), carotenoid pigments such as spirulina (Japanese Patent Publication No. 10017/1983) and algae of the genus Danaliella (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-21084'1), etc., are used as coloring agents for the body color of cultured tiger prawns. Feeds are conventionally known.

The present inventors have developed an extract from a natural product that has characteristics completely different from conventionally known cultured shrimp body coloring agents. The present invention was achieved by discovering that agricultural shrinkage is effective as a coloring agent for regulating the body color of cultured prawns, and also has the effect of promoting the growth of prawns grown in matata.

The present invention provides (1) dried ginnemium leaves or.

Made from green leafy plants such as alfalfa meal, 7
This is a feed additive for prawn culture that uses as an active ingredient a concentrated liquid obtained by separating the setone soluble fraction and extracting the saponified core with hexane. This is a feed additive for cultivating tiger prawns, which is made by adsorbing it on powdered feed such as prawns, etc., and it is a feed additive for cultivating prawns, which is made by mixing an emulsifier, two edible oils, or an antioxidant with the above-mentioned additive composition.

(2) Separate the acetone-soluble fraction from dried ginkgo leaves or green leafy plants such as alfalfa meal, extract the unsaponifiables therein with hexane, and concentrate the liquid obtained by 7. This is a feed for culturing shrimp containing 0.1 to 3.0%.

Green leaf planting in the present invention? Class J↓ means that it also includes ginseng leaves, alfalfa meal, parsley, cabbage, and other green leafy plants.

The composition of the hexane extraction concentrate of unsaponifiable substances from green-leaved plants of the present invention is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The above concentrate contains crude protein, a very small amount of crude ash, and the crude fat content is carotene pigments.

xanthophylls, tocopherols, VL sterols,
It is estimated that it contains various substances such as higher alcohols, higher hydrocarbons, and triglycerides.

Since this concentrated liquid is a dark brown liquid with strong viscosity, it is mixed in advance with the shrimp compound feed ingredients such as fish meal and epigala powder using a mixer that can be heated. It is preferable to add it to the mixed feed for use.

In the present invention, the proportion of the concentrated liquid feed additive for culturing prawns mixed into the compound feed for prawns is 0.
．． It is preferable that the amount is in the range of 1 to 3.0%, and the extract obtained by extracting unsaponifiables with hexane may be concentrated by any suitable means.

The concentrate of the extract obtained by extracting the unsaponifiables in the acetone-soluble components of green leafy plants in the feed additive for shrimp culture in the present invention with hexane contains about 409 carotene pigments.
It is naturally expected that these pigments are a source of astaxanthin, which is the body pigment of tiger shrimp. g9', 300 mg% in conventional β-carotene crystals, 12-24 mg% in canthaxanthin preparation, and 10% spirulina.
30 mg of β-carotene in '-6, 340 mg% of β-carotene in dried Salina bacterial cells of 3.4%. Although the concentration is quite small, it is thought that at night, the natural pigment is dissolved in oil and fat and is in a form that is easily used by the shrimp, so it is thought that a small amount of pigment content is effective. .

In addition, because conventional pigments are in the form of crystals or natural products, enteric-coated pigments cannot be stored in Kuru'7 shrimp, which have underdeveloped digestive organs, do not secrete bile, and have a low ability to digest fats and oils. It is known that the efficacy of the pigment is extremely low, and when feeding with 5% spirulina (5% spirulina), the accumulation rate of pigment in the body and the accumulation rate for each dose of pigment were 3. .74%, 0.34% (Carotene I1 in Aquatic Animals--Japan Fisheries Society) W-117)
is also known.

In addition, in the wild, prawns usually feed on live bottom-dwelling animals such as clams, so their digestive system is simple, and because they do not have a gallbladder, their ability to digest and absorb fat is said to be low. There are still many unknowns regarding the amount of nutrients they require, and their requirements for phospholipids and cholesterol are particularly high compared to other animals. Comparing the artificial feed for cultivating prawns fed with live clams, etc., the feed efficiency of live clams is significantly superior.

Under these current circumstances, the green leaf value @ lipid f from IJ species
The fact that the presence of a substance that promotes the growth of tiger shrimp in the /H1'u product was shown to be present (see Table 3) is of great significance.

Example 1 A green-leaved plant having the composition shown in Table 1 was treated with acetone.
The extracted substances that cannot be saponified (unsaponifiable substances) are extracted with hexane, and the concentrated extract obtained is added to the shrimp culture feed having the composition shown in Table 2 at 0.5% (Feed A).
, 1.0% (feed B), 1.5% (feed C), and the prawn culture feed without added "C" (control feed) were added with water and kneaded, Extruder, diameter 3 mm, length 15~
It was molded solidly into the main shape of a 20 mm circle.

Table 2 Table 3 shows the results of culturing prawns using each of the above-mentioned feeds and measuring the appearance of body color, average weight gain, feed efficiency, etc.

Table 3 Breeding was carried out for 30 days at a temperature of 25°C while circulating seawater with a pump in each of the 101 test tanks.
It is shown as the tail average value.

As is clear from the table above, prawns fed feed containing concentrate have better body color and higher commercial value than prawns fed feed without additives.
, average weight gain, and feed efficiency were also excellent.

According to the present invention, a concentrated solution of an extract obtained by separating acetone-soluble fractions from green-leaved plants and extracting small and medium-sized saponified products thereof with hexane is obtained by using by-products produced when producing chlorophyll from green-leaved plants. As a result, it is possible to develop the use of industrial waste, which not only has a great economic effect, but also has excellent effects in promoting body color development and growth of Kuruma prawns. Feed for commercial use was obtained at reduced manufacturing costs.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Consists of a concentrated liquid extracted from green leafy plants such as dried ginkgo leaves or alfalfa meal, treated with acetone and treated with hexane to remove unsaponifiables from the extracted liquid, and the concentrated liquid is used as the active ingredient. A feed additive for shrimp farming. (2) Using dried ginkgo leaves or green leafy plants such as alfalfa meal as a raw material, the unsaponifiables of the extract obtained by treating this with acetone and the concentrated liquid of the extract obtained by treating it with hexane are mixed into the compound feed for tiger shrimp. A feed for cultivating prawns containing the concentrate as an active ingredient.