JPS6281489A - Gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To readily gasify coal by using a gasifier provided with a gasifying oven having a water seal in an autoclave and a heat exchange portion having a free portion, thereby controlling the pressure within the autoclave so as to maintain a predetermined pressure difference between that and the pressure within the oven. CONSTITUTION:Portion of coal 11, circulating char 12 and air or oxygen 13 are fed into a combustor 1 of a gasifying oven surrounded by a water-cooled wall 4 and lined with a fire-resistant material 5 which oven is disposed in a 20-40kg/cm<2> autoclave 6, and are maintained at a high temp. The melt slugs caused to flow into a slug hopper 16 having the gap from the water-cooled wall 4 gas-sealed with a water seal 26 and to be discharged as a water-cooled slug 17. On the other hand, the heated gas as formed is fed into a diffuser 2, and the remaining coal 25 is supplied to effect gasification. The resulting gas is fed through a reductor 3 and a communicating pipe 28 into a heat exchange portion surrounded by a water cooled wall and provided with heat exchangers 7-9 which portion is disposed in an autoclave 19 communicating with an autoclave 6 via a lower communicating pipe 31. The formed gas coming out of the heat exchanger portion is fed into 18 via a free portion 30 and a lower gas receiving unit 10. Portion of the formed gas is fed through the free portion 30 into autoclaves 22 and 24, thereby enabling the self equilibrium control of the pressure.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an improvement in a pressurized gasifier in which a gasifier main body formed of a water-cooled wall is housed in a pressure vessel.

[Conventional technology]

In a coal gasifier, the interior of the coal gasifier main body is at high temperature and high pressure, so if it is a heavy structure, an extremely thick furnace wall is required due to the problem of the strength of the furnace wall. However, if the furnace walls are made thicker, the heat dissipation effect cannot be obtained, so the water-cooled walls alone cannot cope with the high temperature inside the furnace, resulting in problems such as damage to the furnace.

Therefore, conventional methods have been used in which the gasifier main body has a double pipe structure. This double tube structure.

It consists of a gasifier body and a pressure vessel that encloses it.
The pressure inside the pressure vessel is maintained at a slightly lower pressure than the inside of the gasifier main body, and the high pressure inside the gasifier is distributed in two stages between the gasifier main body wall and the pressure vessel wall.

This corresponds to the pressure difference with the outside. This has the advantage that the gasifier main body wall can be made thin and a high heat dissipation effect can be obtained.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] 1 However, in the case of such a double pipe construction, the pressure inside the pressure vessel must be maintained at a constant pressure difference corresponding to the pressure inside the gasifier. Instead, conventional methods have been used, such as compressing the produced gas whose pressure and temperature have decreased after exiting the gasifier using a combresozer or the like, and supplying the produced gas to the inside of the pressure vessel. In this case, in order to maintain a constant pressure difference between the inside of the gasifier and the pressure vessel, it is necessary to change the pressure of the low-temperature generated gas supplied to the inside of the pressure vessel in accordance with pressure fluctuations inside the gasifier.

This required a complicated structure, including a means for detecting the sweat power inside the waste gasifier and a means for controlling the compressibility of the supplied low-temperature generated gas.

In the case of double pipe structure.

The difference in thermal expansion caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the walls of the gasifier and the wall of the pressure vessel has become a problem, and a means to solve the distortion caused by this difference in thermal expansion has been needed.

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of intensive research in order to solve these problems, the inventors of the present invention have determined that the differential pressure between the inner and outer surfaces of the gasifier body wall can be adjusted to The low-temperature generated gas is allowed to freely flow inside the pressure vessel, thereby controlling it in a self-balancing manner, and the slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasifier body is provided with a structure that seals the high-temperature gas inside the furnace, thereby reducing the difference in thermal expansion. This discovery led to the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides a gasifier comprising a gasifier main body formed of a water-cooled wall and a heat exchanger, a pressure vessel containing the gasifier main body and the heat exchanger, and a gasifier main body slag. Discharge [1] and a structure for sealing the pressure vessel with a water seal.

A structure in which a gas receiver attached to the pressure vessel is provided at the heat exchanger gas outlet and a free section is provided between the heat exchanger part and the pressure vessel part so that the produced gas can freely enter and exit, and the gasification The present invention provides a gasification device characterized by a pressure balance pipe provided to communicate the inside of the pressure vessel of the reactor body and the inside of the pressure vessel of the nuclear heat exchanger section.

[For production]

In such a configuration, the low temperature gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger can freely flow inside the pressure vessel through the free part, and the balance pipe connecting the pressure vessel of the gasifier main body and the pressure vessel of the heat exchanger allows The low temperature gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger flows into the pressure vessel of the gasifier main body without any load.

The return gas pressure in the pressure vessel of the gasifier main body can be controlled in a self-balanced manner, and it can also follow pressure fluctuations inside the gasifier main body. In addition, the structure that seals high-temperature gas with a water seal at the free part of the heat exchanger gas outlet and the slag discharge port of the gasifier body absorbs the difference in thermal expansion between the heat exchanger and the pressure vessel, and between the gasifier body and the pressure vessel. I can do that.

〔Example〕

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. 1st
The figure is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a gasifier according to the invention.

It consists of three parts: a compaster (11), a diffuser (21°), and a reductor (3), surrounded by a water-cooled wall (4), and inside the furnace, a relatively thin refractory material and air, but still oxygen (13), are used. It is put in and maintained at high temperature,
The ash is melted and discharged and the heat required for gasification in the upper part is provided.

The remaining coal 25 is put into the diffuser 2 and carbonized. Compasta 1. Coal is introduced into the diffuser 2 by transporting the pulverized coal into the furnace by a lock hopper system or water slurry (not shown).

A group hopper 16 is provided at the bottom of the comparator 1, and the molten slag flowing down is water-cooled here and discharged to the outside as water-cooled slag 17. A water seal 26 provides a gas seal between the slag discharge port 16 and the water-cooled wall 4, and absorbs the difference in thermal expansion between the upper and lower sides. Compasta 1. Diffuser 2. The reductor 3 and the slag hopper 16 are connected to the pressure vessel 6
The intermediate portion 22 surrounded by the gas is filled with generated gas.

Cooling water is supplied to the water cooling wall 4 from the inlet header 14 and is supplied to the heat exchange section through the connecting pipe 28. Heat exchange part is water cooling wall 2
1 and the heat exchanger is along the gas flow (force,
(8), +91 is installed. Heat exchanger (9
) The produced gas passes through the gas receiver (10) and is supplied to the gas pipe (marked 1).

Gas receiver 00) and water cooling wall (21), still the lower pipe header (1)
There is a free part (80) between 5) that absorbs the difference in thermal expansion between the upper and lower parts, and the generated gas supplied into the pressure vessel (24) passes through the lower connecting pipe (31) to the pressure vessel (22). Freely supplied. The pressure vessel is composed of f6) and (29) and has an internal pressure resistance of 20 to 40 kg/mg.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a gasifier according to the present invention. What is the difference with Figure 1?

The upper connecting part between the gasifier main body and the heat exchanger part.

In FIG. 1, the refractory 27 structure is used, whereas in FIG. 2, the water-cooled wall double-pipe structure is used. In FIG. 2, the upper connecting pipe is connected to the connecting water cooling pipe wall 20.
A pressure vessel 19 is arranged around the pressure vessel 19 so as to communicate the gasifier main body pressure vessel 6 and the heat exchanger pressure vessel 28. As a result, the inside 22 of the pressure vessel on the gasifier main body side and the inside 24 of the pressure vessel on the heat exchanger side communicate with each other through the inside 23 of the connecting pressure vessel 19, and the low temperature gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger is transferred to the inside 22 of the pressure vessel on the gasifier main body side. will be freely supplied up to. Instead, the lower connecting pipe 31 shown in FIG.
are excluded. others.

The operation of Structure 9 is similar to that of the embodiment shown in FIG.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, by freely circulating the low-temperature generated gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger inside the pressure vessel, the pressure inside the pressure vessel can be controlled in a self-equilibrium manner, and the pressure inside the gasifier main body can be controlled in a self-equilibrium manner. It can easily follow fluctuations and maintain a constant differential pressure. This provides an extremely economical and reliable control means that does not require any special pressure detection means or control means. In addition, by providing a free section at the heat exchanger outlet, the difference in thermal expansion between the heat exchanger and the pressure vessel can be absorbed in this section, and a high-temperature gas water seal is installed at the slag discharge port of the gasifier main body. By providing this, the difference in thermal expansion between the pressure vessel and the gasifier main body can be absorbed by the water seal structure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a coal gasification apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a coal gasification apparatus according to the invention. l...Compasta, 2...Diffuser, 8...
Reductor, 4... Water cooling wall, 5... Fireproof material, 6...
A pressure vessel? ,,8. , 9... heat exchanger, 10...-
Gas receiver, 11... Coal, 12... Circulating char, 1
8. Air or oxygen. 14... Inlet header, 15... Lower header, 16.
...Slag hopper, 19...Pressure vessel, 20...Connecting pipe water cooling wall, 21...Water cooling wall, 22.28.24.
...Inside the pressure vessel, 25...Coal. 26...Water seal, 27...Fireproof material, 28
...Pressure vessel, 29...Pressure vessel, 80...Free part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a gasification apparatus consisting of a gasification furnace main body formed of a water-cooled wall and a heat exchanger, a pressure vessel containing the gasification furnace main body and the heat exchanger, a slag discharge port of the gasification furnace main body, and the pressure A structure in which the container is sealed with a water seal, and a gas receiver attached to the pressure vessel is provided at the heat exchanger gas outlet so that the generated gas can freely flow in and out between the heat exchanger section and the pressure vessel section. 1. A gasification device comprising a pressure balance pipe provided to connect the inside of a pressure vessel of the gasification furnace main body and the pressure vessel of the heat exchanger.