JPS6273575A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6273575A JPS6273575A JP60212463A JP21246385A JPS6273575A JP S6273575 A JPS6273575 A JP S6273575A JP 60212463 A JP60212463 A JP 60212463A JP 21246385 A JP21246385 A JP 21246385A JP S6273575 A JPS6273575 A JP S6273575A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- electrode
- fuel cell
- membrane
- leakage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の利用分野〕 本発明は燃料電池に関するものである。[Detailed description of the invention] [Field of application of the invention] The present invention relates to fuel cells.
従来、燃料電池の電極端部におけるガス漏れによる燃料
ガスと酸化剤ガスとの混合すなわち異種ガスの混合を防
ぐための電極端部シールの技術としては、特開昭５８−
４４６７２号公報、特開昭５９−６８１７１号公報、特
開昭５９−４６７６７号公報、特開昭６０−１０５６４
号公報、特開昭６０−１０５６５号公報、特開昭５９−
２０５１６４号公報、特開昭５９−２０７５６３号公報
、特開昭６０−６６号公報などがある。Conventionally, as a technique for sealing the electrode end to prevent the mixing of fuel gas and oxidant gas, that is, the mixing of different gases due to gas leakage at the electrode end of a fuel cell, there is a technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-1999.
44672, JP 59-68171, JP 59-46767, JP 60-10564
No. 60-10565, JP-A-59-
205164, JP-A-59-207-563, JP-A-60-66, and the like.
このうち例えば特開昭５９−２０７５６３号公報では電
極端部を貫通するガス漏れに対しては有効であるが、電
極端部とセパレータとの界面を通るガス漏れに対しては
電極表面が十分に平滑でない場合は別途対策が必要であ
る。また、例えば特開昭６０−１０５６４号公報や特開
昭６０−１０５６５号公報では電極端部を貫通するガス
漏れと、電極端部とセパレータとの界面を通るガス漏れ
との両方に対して有効であるが、セパレータの形状が複
雑になる。Among them, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-207563 is effective against gas leakage penetrating through the electrode end, but the electrode surface is not sufficient to prevent gas leakage through the interface between the electrode end and the separator. If it is not smooth, separate measures are required. In addition, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-10564 and No. 60-10565 are effective against both gas leakage penetrating through the electrode end and gas leakage through the interface between the electrode end and the separator. However, the shape of the separator becomes complicated.
本発明は以上の点に鑑みなされたものであり、電極端部
から異常ガスが漏れ込んできても電池の性能、寿命、劣
化に悪影響を及ぼさないようにす塩
ることを可能とした設料電池を提供することを目的とす
るものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a material that can prevent abnormal gas from leaking from the electrode end without adversely affecting the performance, life, and deterioration of the battery. The purpose is to provide batteries.
すなわち本発明は電解質マトリックスを間に挾んで対向
配置され、かつガス通路を有する一対のガス拡散電極と
、このガス拡散電極に積層されたセパレータとを備え、
前記電極の端部には端部を貫通してガスが漏洩するのを
防止する端部シールが設けられている燃料電池において
、前記電極の少なくとも一方の電極のガス通路で、かつ
端部近傍のガス通路をガス不透過膜で被覆したことを特
徴とするものであり、これによって電極端部とセパレー
タとの界面からそのガス通路を流れているガスと異なる
所謂異種ガスが電極端部近傍のガス通路ｉ漏れ込んでき
てもガス不透過膜でその影響が遮断されるようになる。That is, the present invention includes a pair of gas diffusion electrodes that are arranged opposite to each other with an electrolyte matrix in between and have gas passages, and a separator laminated on the gas diffusion electrodes.
In a fuel cell in which an end seal is provided at the end of the electrode to prevent gas from leaking through the end, a gas passage in at least one of the electrodes and near the end is provided. The feature is that the gas passage is covered with a gas-impermeable film, so that the so-called foreign gas different from the gas flowing through the gas passage from the interface between the electrode end and the separator is absorbed into the gas near the electrode end. Even if it leaks through the passage i, its influence is blocked by the gas-impermeable membrane.
以下１図示した実施例に基づいて本発明を説明する。第
１図には本発明の一実施例が示されている。同図に示さ
れているように燃料電池は電解質マトリックス１を間に
挾んで対向配置され、かつガス通路２ａ、３ａを有する
一対のガス拡散電極２．３．このガス拡散電極２．３に
積層されたセパレータ４等を備えている。そして電極２
の端部２ｂには、端部２ｂを貫通してガスが漏洩するの
を防止する端部シール５が設けられている（他方の電極
３についても同様である）。なお同図において２ｃ、３
ｃは触媒層である。このように構成された燃料電池で本
実施例では電極２，３の少なくとも一方の電極２のガス
通路２ａで、かつ端部２ｂ近傍のガス通路２ａをガス不
透過膜６で被覆した。このようにすることによりｔｌ＆
２．３の少なくとも一方の電極２のガス通路２ａで、か
つ端部２ｂ近傍のガス通路２ａはガス不透過膜６で被覆
されるようになって、セパレータ４と電極端部２ｂとの
界面から異種ガスが電極端部２ｂ近傍のガス通路２ａに
漏れ込んできてもガス不透過膜６でその影響が遮断され
るようになり、電極端部２ｂから異種ガスが漏れ込んで
きても電池の性能。The present invention will be explained below based on an embodiment shown in one figure. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention. As shown in the figure, the fuel cell includes a pair of gas diffusion electrodes 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, and 3, which are arranged opposite to each other with an electrolyte matrix 1 in between and have gas passages 2a, 3a. A separator 4 and the like are laminated on the gas diffusion electrode 2.3. and electrode 2
An end seal 5 is provided at the end 2b to prevent gas from leaking through the end 2b (the same applies to the other electrode 3). In addition, in the same figure, 2c, 3
c is a catalyst layer. In this embodiment of the fuel cell configured as described above, the gas passage 2a of at least one of the electrodes 2 and 3 and the gas passage 2a near the end 2b was covered with a gas impermeable membrane 6. By doing this, tl&
In the gas passage 2a of at least one electrode 2 in 2.3, the gas passage 2a near the end 2b is covered with a gas impermeable film 6, so that the gas passage 2a of at least one electrode 2 is covered with a gas impermeable film 6, so that the gas passage 2a of at least one electrode 2 is Even if a foreign gas leaks into the gas passage 2a near the electrode end 2b, the effect is blocked by the gas impermeable membrane 6, and even if a foreign gas leaks from the electrode end 2b, the performance of the battery is improved. .
寿命、劣化に悪影響を及ぼさないようにすることを可能
として燃料電池を得ることができる。A fuel cell can be obtained in which the lifespan and deterioration are not adversely affected.
すなわち電極端部２ｂ近傍のガス通路２ａをガス不透過
１ｆＪ６で被覆した。このようにすることにより、電極
端部２ｂから電極端部２ｂ近傍のガス通路２ａに異種ガ
スが漏れ込んできても電池の性、能、寿命等に悪影響を
及ぼさないようにすることができる。すなわち電極端部
２ｂに端部シール５が設けであることによって、多孔質
な電極端部２ｂを貫通してのガスの漏れ出し、他の電極
３の反応ガスである異種ガスの漏れ込みは防止できるが
、セパレータ４と電極端部２ｂとの界面からの異種ガス
の漏れ込みは、電極端部２ｂ、セパレータ４および端部
シール５の厚み公差および微小な凹凸によって生じる隙
間によって防止できない恐れがある。That is, the gas passage 2a near the electrode end 2b was covered with gas impermeable 1fJ6. By doing so, even if a foreign gas leaks from the electrode end portion 2b into the gas passage 2a near the electrode end portion 2b, it is possible to prevent the battery performance, performance, life, etc. from being adversely affected. In other words, by providing the end seal 5 at the electrode end 2b, gas leakage through the porous electrode end 2b and leakage of a foreign gas, which is a reaction gas from another electrode 3, are prevented. However, leakage of different gases from the interface between the separator 4 and the electrode end 2b may not be prevented due to gaps caused by thickness tolerances and minute irregularities among the electrode end 2b, the separator 4, and the end seal 5. .
ところでこのような異種ガスの漏れ込みは電極端部２ｂ
から１本目のガス通路２ａが最大で、２本目以降は指数
関数的に急激に減少することが実験的に確認されている
（他方の電極３についても同様である）。従って本実施
例のように電極端部２ｂ近傍のガス通路２ａをガス不透
過膜６で被覆すれば、漏れ込んできた異種ガスに起因す
るｌＦ常な発電部分の電気的短絡が防止されるようにな
って、短絡電流が流れないようになり、電極２の局部的
温度上昇を防止することができ、漏れ込んできた異種ガ
スの悪影響が防止できる。すなわち異種ガスが混入した
電極部分では反応ガスが不足することにより電気化学的
な電極反応が起こり得す、有効な発電面積が減少し電池
電圧が低下すると共に、反応ガスの不足によって生じる
非発電部分が正常な発電部分を電気的に短絡することに
なり、非発電部分に短絡電流が流れ、この短絡電流が異
種ガスが漏れ込んだ電極２に局部的な温度上昇を生じさ
せるようになる。ところが、−」二連のように異種ガス
が最も多く漏れ込んでくる電極端部２ｂ近傍のガス通路
２ａを被覆したガス不透過膜６によって２正常な発電部
分が短絡されず、従って短絡電流は流れない。そして漏
れ込んできた異種ガスはガス不透過膜６で被覆したガス
通路２ａを流れ、電極２の触媒層２ｃのガス不透過膜６
に対応する部分には、この電極端部２ｂ近傍以外のガス
通路２ａより電極２の細孔部を通して反応ガスが供給さ
れ、電極２は正常な電極反応を行なうことができ、有効
な電極面積を減少しないで電池の信頼性を向上すること
ができる。囚みに端部シール５には例えばポリテトラフ
ルオルエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）あるいはポリフロロアルコ
キシテトラフルオルエチレン（ＰＦＡ）フィルムが使用
しである。By the way, such leakage of different gases occurs at the electrode end 2b.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the first gas passage 2a is the maximum, and the second and subsequent gas passages rapidly decrease exponentially (the same applies to the other electrode 3). Therefore, if the gas passage 2a near the electrode end 2b is covered with a gas impermeable membrane 6 as in this embodiment, electrical short circuits in the IF normal power generation section due to leaking foreign gas can be prevented. As a result, a short circuit current will not flow, a local temperature rise of the electrode 2 can be prevented, and the adverse effects of the leaked foreign gas can be prevented. In other words, an electrochemical electrode reaction may occur due to a lack of reactive gas in the electrode area where different gases are mixed.The effective power generation area decreases and the battery voltage decreases, as well as the non-generating area caused by the lack of reactive gas. This causes a normal power generation part to be electrically short-circuited, and a short-circuit current flows through the non-power generation part, and this short-circuit current causes a local temperature rise in the electrode 2 into which the foreign gas has leaked. However, due to the gas impermeable membrane 6 covering the gas passage 2a near the electrode end 2b, where the largest amount of foreign gas leaks, such as the double series, the two normal power generation parts are not short-circuited, and therefore the short-circuit current is Not flowing. The leaked foreign gas then flows through the gas passage 2a covered with a gas impermeable membrane 6, and flows through the gas impermeable membrane 6 of the catalyst layer 2c of the electrode 2.
The reaction gas is supplied through the pores of the electrode 2 from the gas passage 2a other than the vicinity of the electrode end 2b to the part corresponding to the electrode end 2b, so that the electrode 2 can perform a normal electrode reaction, and the effective electrode area can be saved. Battery reliability can be improved without decreasing it. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyfluoroalkoxytetrafluoroethylene (PFA) film is used for the end seal 5.
なおガス不透過膜６は樹脂膜、例えばふっ素糸樹脂フィ
ルムあるいは塗膜で形成したが、ふっ横系樹脂としては
ＰＴＦＥ、ＰＦＡおよびフロロエチレンプロピレンなど
が使用できる。またポリイミドフィルムあるいはその塗
布であってもよく、さらにふっ素ゴｌ〜を使用すること
もできるが、このガス不透過膜６と端部シール５とは一
体形で形成することができる。The gas impermeable membrane 6 is formed of a resin film, for example, a fluorocarbon resin film or a coating film, but PTFE, PFA, fluoroethylene propylene, or the like can be used as the fluorocarbon resin. Further, a polyimide film or its coating may be used, and fluorine rubber may also be used, but the gas impermeable membrane 6 and the end seal 5 may be formed integrally.
また、ガス不透過膜６をカラーで形成することができる
が、この場合には上述のふっ横系樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂
、ふっ素ゴム等の材料の他にカーボンを使用することが
できる。Further, the gas impermeable membrane 6 can be formed of a color, and in this case, carbon can be used in addition to the above-mentioned materials such as fluorine resin, polyimide resin, and fluororubber.
なおまた、ガス不透過膜６で覆われるガス通路２ａの大
きさを調整することにより、異種ガスの漏れ込み量に応
じた大きさとすることができる。Furthermore, by adjusting the size of the gas passage 2a covered with the gas impermeable membrane 6, the size can be adjusted according to the amount of leakage of different gases.
以上は一対のガス拡散電極２，３の一方の電極２側への
異種ガスの漏れ込みについて説明したが、他方の電［ｉ
３へのＪｌ！種ガスの漏れ込みもこれと同様である。The above has explained the leakage of different gases to one electrode 2 side of a pair of gas diffusion electrodes 2 and 3, but the other electrode [i
Jl to 3! The same applies to the leakage of seed gas.
上述のように本発明は電極端部から異種ガスが漏れ込ん
できても電池の性能、寿命、劣化に悪影響を及ぼさない
ようになって、電極端部から異種ガスが漏れ込んできて
も電池の性能、寿命、劣化に悪影響を及ぼさないように
することを可能とした燃料電池を得ることができる。As described above, the present invention is designed so that even if a foreign gas leaks from the electrode end, it does not adversely affect the performance, lifespan, or deterioration of the battery. It is possible to obtain a fuel cell in which performance, service life, and deterioration are not adversely affected.
第１図は本発明の燃料電池の一実施例の一対のガス拡散
電極の電極端部周りの縦断面側面図である。
１゛・・電解質マトリックス、２・・・ガス拡＠電極。
２ａ・・・ガス通路、２ｂ・・・端部（電極端部）、２
ｃ・・・触媒層、３・・・ガス拡散電極、３ａ・・・ガ
ス通路。
３ｃ・・・触媒層、４・・・セパレータ、Ｓ・・・端部
シール。
６・・・ガス不透過膜。FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional side view of the electrode end portions of a pair of gas diffusion electrodes in an embodiment of the fuel cell of the present invention. 1. Electrolyte matrix, 2. Gas expansion @ electrode. 2a... Gas passage, 2b... End (electrode end), 2
c... Catalyst layer, 3... Gas diffusion electrode, 3a... Gas passage. 3c...Catalyst layer, 4...Separator, S...End seal. 6...Gas impermeable membrane.
Claims (1)
つガス通路を有する一対のガス拡散電極と、このガス拡
散電極に積層されたセパレータとを備え、前記電極の端
部には端部を貫通してガスが漏洩するのを防止する端部
シールが設けられている燃料電池において、前記電極の
少なくとも一方の電極のガス通路で、かつ端部近傍のガ
ス通路をガス不透過膜で被覆したことを特徴とする燃料
電池。 ２、前記ガス不透過膜が、樹脂膜、ふっ素ゴム、カーボ
ンのいずれかで形成されたものである特許請求の範囲第
１項記載の燃料電池。 ３、前記樹脂膜が、ふっ素系樹脂膜、ポリイミド樹脂の
膜またはフィルムである特許請求の範囲第２項記載の燃
料電池。 ４、前記ふっ素系樹脂膜が、ポリテトラフルオルエチレ
ンポリフロアルコキシフルオルエチレン、フロロエチレ
ンプロピレンいずれかひとつまたはその組合わせからな
る膜またはフィルムである特許請求の範囲第３項記載の
燃料電池。[Claims] 1. A pair of gas diffusion electrodes that are arranged opposite to each other with an electrolyte matrix in between and have gas passages, and a separator laminated on the gas diffusion electrodes, and a separator is provided at the end of the electrodes. is a gas passage of at least one of the electrodes and the gas passage near the end is gas-impermeable in a fuel cell provided with an end seal that prevents gas from leaking through the end. A fuel cell characterized by being coated with a membrane. 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the gas impermeable membrane is formed of a resin membrane, fluororubber, or carbon. 3. The fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the resin membrane is a fluororesin membrane, a polyimide resin membrane, or a film. 4. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the fluororesin membrane is a membrane or film made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluoroalkoxyfluoroethylene, fluoroethylenepropylene, or a combination thereof.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60212463A JPS6273575A (en) | 1985-09-27 | 1985-09-27 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60212463A JPS6273575A (en) | 1985-09-27 | 1985-09-27 | Fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6273575A true JPS6273575A (en) | 1987-04-04 |
| JPH054785B2 JPH054785B2 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
Family
ID=16623052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60212463A Granted JPS6273575A (en) | 1985-09-27 | 1985-09-27 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6273575A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997023011A3 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-08-28 | Int Fuel Cells Corp | Corrosion resistant fuel cell assembly |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59154772A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-09-03 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell |
-
1985
- 1985-09-27 JP JP60212463A patent/JPS6273575A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59154772A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-09-03 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997023011A3 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-08-28 | Int Fuel Cells Corp | Corrosion resistant fuel cell assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH054785B2 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
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