JPS6258850B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses an electrode with a required processing shape, a simple electrode such as a wire or a rod, an electrode with a wire electrode stretched between guides, etc. to perform electric discharge, discharge electrolysis, etc.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for correcting the inclination of the machining electrode in electrical machining, which involves engraving, drilling, cutting, three-dimensional machining, wire cutting, etc. of a workpiece by electrolytic machining action.

Machining electrodes are replaced at the start of machining, due to electrode wear, or electrodes are replaced according to the shape of the machining part.To do this automatically, NC is usually performed using an automatic electrode changing device.
This electrode replacement is usually done by magnetic adsorption to the reference surface of the electrode mounting head.
It is not always possible for each electrode to be accurately fixed vertically without falling over, and it is necessary to correct it for accuracy each time it is replaced.

Conventionally, corrections were made manually by touching an indicator or the like, but this does not allow full automation of mounting.

The present invention automatically corrects the inclination of the machining electrode, and detects contact or proximity with the machining electrode on the support shaft provided parallel to the main axis (Z-axis) of the machining electrode support head. two or more detection devices arranged at a predetermined interval on the main axis; a device for individually moving each of the two or more detection devices forward and backward in the same direction on a plane orthogonal to the main axis; and a processing electrode. a device for tilting the main shaft around the main shaft;
A device for rotating the machining electrode around the main shaft or a device for rotating the support shaft of each of the detection devices around the main shaft is provided, and the tip of each of the detection devices is moved parallel to the main shaft by each forward/backward feeding device. An alignment operation for aligning on a straight line and a facing operation for causing a predetermined side surface of the processing electrode and the detection device to face each other by rotating the processing electrode using the rotation device or rotating a support shaft of each of the detection devices are performed. , after the completion of both operations, each of the advancing and retracting feed devices gives each of the detection devices a proximity feed in the opposite direction, and the proximity feed is caused by a detection signal of contact with or proximity to the processing electrode by each of the detection devices. stopping, and calculating the inclination angle of the machining electrode in the opposite direction with respect to the main axis direction from the ratio of the difference in the proximity feed movement amount of each of the detection devices and the predetermined interval length between each of the detection devices, and the inclination. An operation for determining the amount of tilting movement of the machining electrode by the tilting device, which is required to correct the angle, is performed by a calculation device, and the tilting device is driven by an output signal of the calculation device to move the machining electrode in the The tilting angle is corrected by tilting a predetermined amount in opposite directions, and then the machining electrode is rotated by the rotation device or the support shaft of each of the detection devices is rotated, so that the machining electrode and each of the detection devices face each other. The present invention is characterized in that the tilting of the machining electrode with respect to the main axis direction is corrected by performing the same operation as described above while facing the machining electrode in a direction perpendicular to the direction.

The present invention will be explained below by way of an example. In Figure 1, 1 is a processing electrode, 2 is a workpiece, 3 and 4
is a power source for testing, and the processing electrode 1 is fixed to a magnetic chuck 5 at the tip of the head. The main shaft of the processing electrode support head 6 is configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a bearing 8 is supported in the head 6 so that the support shaft 7 of the processing electrode 1 can freely rotate and tilt. The magnetic chuck 5 is fixed and supported at the tip. On the other hand, the workpiece 2 is attached to a processing table 9 perpendicular to the Z-axis. A support shaft 12 is provided on the processing table 9 in parallel with the Z-axis, and electrical contact detection electrodes 10 and 11 are mounted insulated thereon.
are supported at a predetermined interval. The electrode 10 is energized by the power source 3, and the voltage between the electrodes 1 and 10 is detected by the resistor 13 and discriminated by the discriminator 15. Further, the electrode 11 is energized by the power source 4, and the voltage between the electrodes 1 and 11 is detected by the resistor 14 and discriminated by the discriminator 16. These constitute a contact detection device. 17 and 18 are X-axis and Y-axis feed motors for the processing table 9, and 19 is a Z-axis feed motor for the head 6, each of which is provided with encoders 20, 21, and 22 for detecting the amount of movement. 23,
Reference numeral 24 denotes a feed motor with an x-axis parallel to the X-axis and a y-axis parallel to the Y-axis, which moves the upper end of the machining electrode support shaft 7 to impart a tilting motion to the shaft. 25 and 26 are respective movement amount detection encoders; 27 is a motor that rotates the electrode support shaft 7 via a rotary gear; 28 is an encoder; 29 is a motor that rotates the processing table 9;
0 is the encoder. 31 and 32 are motors that move the detection electrodes 10 and 11 forward and backward in the same direction on a plane orthogonal to the Z axis, 33 and 34 are encoders, and 35 and 36 are movable contacts fixed to the detection electrodes 10 and 11. , 37, 38 are fixed contacts that are insulated and fixed to the support shaft 12, and a power source 39,
40 are respectively energized, resistors 41 and 42 are inserted in series in the energizing circuit, and discriminators 43 and 4
A signal is generated based on the determination in step 4. That is, contact 35
When 37, 36 and 38 are in contact with each other, the detection electrode 1
The tips of 0 and 11 are aligned, and a well-aligned signal is generated. 45 is a central control device such as CNC, DNC, NC, etc., which outputs commands to each drive motor from here. Each axis motor has a deviation counter 45,
46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 5
3 is provided, and the drive is controlled by the deviation value between the signal from the device 45 and the detection signal of each axis encoder.
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 6
1 and 62 are counters that count the detection signals of the respective axis encoders, and the count signals are respectively input to the central controller 45. Moreover, the discriminators 15, 16,
Contact detection signals are also input from 43 and 44. 6
3, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 7
0 and 71 are both motor drivers, and 72 is a processing pulse power source.

Correcting the inclination of the machining electrode 1 chuck-supported by the head using the above-mentioned apparatus is carried out as follows. According to the program from the central controller 45, a drive signal is applied to the rotary motor 27 of the machining electrode support 7, and the machining electrode 1 is rotated so that the detection electrode 1 detects a predetermined side surface on which the tilting of the electrode 1 is to be corrected.
0 and 11. Depending on the positional relationship between the sensing electrodes 10, 11 and the processing electrode 1, during this opposing operation, a drive signal may be applied to one or both of the X-axis motor 17 and the Y-axis motor 18 to move the processing table 9. This is done together with the rotation of the processing electrode, so that the processing electrode 1 and the detection electrodes 10 and 11 are opposed to each other with a desired spacing therebetween. Therefore, before this facing operation or after this facing operation is completed, the sensing electrodes 10 and 11 are controlled by the motors 31 and 32.
The motor 3
1 and 32 and counters 61 and 62.
, and align the tips of the sensing electrodes 10 and 11 on a straight line parallel to the Z axis.
When the alignment operation of the tips of the tips 11 and the facing operation are completed, the X-axis motor 17 and the Y-axis motor 18 are driven to perform relative proximity feeding in the facing direction.

This proximity feeding may be stopped at a predetermined proximity position, or may be continued until the processing electrode 1 comes into contact with either one of the detection electrodes 10, 11. That is, it is sufficient to position the processing electrode 1 within the movable range of the sensing electrodes 10 and 11. Therefore, the sensing electrode 1 can be positioned in such a positional relationship by the above-mentioned facing operation.
0, 11 and the processing electrode 1 are positioned, it is not necessary to carry out this close feeding.

Next, a signal is applied to the motors 31 and 32 to drive them, and the detection electrodes 10 and 11 are fed close to the processing electrode 1 until they come in contact with each other. Upon contact, the detected voltages of the resistors 13 and 14 are discriminated by the discriminators 15 and 16, and a signal is sent to the device 4.
Enter 5. The device 45 stops the feeding of the motors 31 and 32 in response to the input signal, and also inputs the movement amount of each detection electrode 10 and 11 as a signal from the counters 61 and 62. Calculate the difference between the moving amounts of 61 and 62,
In addition, the length of the interval between the sensing electrodes 10 and 11 is input in advance and stored in memory, and the inclination angle of the processing electrode in the opposing direction with respect to the Z-axis direction is determined from the ratio of the difference in the amount of movement of the sensing electrodes 10 and 11 to the interval length. Detect. That is, for example, when the sensing electrodes 10 and 11 are arranged parallel to the X-axis and the side surface of the processing electrode facing the sensing electrodes is corrected for tilting in the X-axis direction with respect to the Z-axis, the sensing electrodes 10 and 11 are arranged parallel to the X-axis as shown in FIG. _{, 11} is _{Z 1} and the difference in movement _{amount is} The angle θ is sensed. The device 45 then operates the x-axis motor 23 and the y-axis motor 2 needed to correct this tilt angle.
The amount of tilting movement of the processing electrode 1 by one or both of 4 is calculated, and the calculated output signal is sent to the
or to the y-axis motor 24, or to both motors 23,
In addition as a distribution signal to 24 (in the case of Fig. 2, x
The upper end of the support shaft 7 that supports the machining electrode is moved in the opposite direction (the second
The tilting of the side surface in the opposite direction with respect to the Z-axis is corrected by moving it forward or backward by a predetermined amount in the x-axis direction (in the case of the figure). When the processing electrode 1 is tilted and moved, the detection electrodes 10 and 11 are appropriately moved back and separated from the processing electrode 1 so that the detection electrodes 10 and 11 do not interfere with the tilting movement.

In this correction control, the motor is driven while taking the deviation between the command signal and the detection signals of the encoders 25 and 26 using the deviation counters 48 and 49, so accurate movement control is performed and the inclination of the electrode 1 can be corrected accurately and precisely.

Since the tilt correction control of the processing electrode 1 in one direction has been performed as described above, the tilt correction of the electrode 1 in the other direction is next performed in the same manner. Normally, the processing electrode 1 is corrected in a direction perpendicular to the above-mentioned correction direction.

First, the machining electrode 1 to which a drive signal has been applied to the rotary motor 27 of the machining electrode support shaft 7 is rotated by 90 degrees, and the side surface perpendicular to the side surface of the machining electrode 1 that was previously corrected for inclination is attached to the sensing electrode 10, 11 and applying a drive signal to the motors 31 and 32 to connect the detection electrodes 10 and 11 to contacts 35 and 37 and 36 and 3.
Retract both sensing electrodes 1 to the position where they touch.
After aligning the tips of the sensing electrodes 10, 11 on a straight line parallel to the Z-axis and performing the alignment operation of clearing the counters 61, 62, the detection electrodes 10, 11 are aligned in the same manner as the previous tilt correction operation. Proximity feeding to the processing electrode 1, stopping of the proximity feeding by a contact signal, detection electrodes 10, 1
Detecting the inclination angle from the ratio of the difference in movement amount of 1 and the interval length, calculating the tilting movement amount of the processing electrode 1 corresponding to the detected inclination angle, and the opposing direction of the processing electrode 1 given by the calculation output signal. The central controller 45 performs a tilt correction operation by tilting a predetermined amount to
This is done sequentially by

In this way, the machining electrode 1 can be fixed and supported straight along the Z-axis by correcting the tilt twice from two orthogonal directions, and the machining electrode 1 is energized by the machining power source 72 and the water is Electrical machining is performed while supplying a machining fluid such as . When starting machining, it is necessary to align the electrode 1 and the workpiece 2, but this control is also controlled by the motor 1 using a signal from the device 45.
This can be easily done by controlling the drives of 7, 18, and 19.

In the above, a method has been described in which the machining electrode 1 is rotated by the rotary motor 27 so that a predetermined side face faces the detection electrodes 10 and 11 to correct the inclination.
Instead of rotating the processing electrode 1, the table 9 may be rotated by the motor 29, and the support shaft 12 supporting the detection electrodes 10, 11 may be rotated about the Z-axis. In this case, by controlling the drive of the X-axis motor 17 and the Y-axis motor 18, the table 9 is rotated with the rotation center axis of the table 9 aligned with the Z-axis, and the support shafts 12 of the detection electrodes 10 and 11 are aligned with the processing electrodes. For example, by rotating the electrode 1 around the X axis direction, the tilt correction direction of the electrode 1 is aligned with the direction of the X axis, and the same tilt correction control as described above is carried out. Controls tilt correction.

With any of the above methods, the machining electrode can be automatically and easily corrected for its inclination and supported straight.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which an electrode exchange device is provided and machining is sequentially progressed while selecting and exchanging electrodes from a stored group of electrodes each time they wear out or in response to a change in the machining shape or part to be machined. are various electrodes 1a,
A rotary plate storing electrodes 1b, 1c, etc. is rotated by a program signal from the central controller 45 to select a target electrode. A material handler 74 removes the electrode supported by the head tip chuck 5 and returns it to the disc 73, and also replaces and fixes the selected electrode on the disc 73 to the chuck 5. This is also program-controlled by the device 45, and the machining progresses while exchanging electrodes one after another according to the program. The machining electrodes stored in the rotary plate 73 include those with a cross section having the required machining shape as shown in Fig. 4, those with simple shapes such as square b, circle c, and triangle d, and those with simple shapes and narrow e. , f, g, etc. are stored,
For example, a simple shape electrode can be used to process the required three-dimensional shape while performing NC control and copying control. During such electrode replacement, the replacement electrode supported by the chuck 4 is not necessarily fixed straight on the Z axis, and when the electrode is replaced and fixed, tilt correction control is performed by the device shown in FIG. The electrodes that have been brought into contact with the detection electrodes 10 and 11 and subjected to the tilt correction control are sent a predetermined distance in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, are accurately positioned in the processing section, and the energization processing is restarted.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which wire cutting is performed on a workpiece 2W using a wire electrode 1W that is wound and moved between guides 75 and 76. Planar feed is provided by 77 and 78, vertical movement is provided to the upper guide by a Z-axis motor 79, and tilt feed of the wire electrode 1W is provided by x-axis and y-axis drive motors 80 and 81. In order to correct the inclination of the wire electrode 1W in this case, both of the detection electrodes are provided on a table 82 which is configured to be rotationally controllable in the same way as the table 9, and the table 82 is rotated. Both sensing electrodes are made to face the wire electrode 1W from a desired direction, for example, from the The angle of inclination is detected from the ratio between the difference in the amount of movement of the detection electrodes and the length of the gap, and the motors 80 and 81 are driven by an output signal that calculates the amount of movement of the guide 75 required to correct this angle of inclination. The tilting is corrected by controlling the guide 75 to move a predetermined amount in the opposite direction, and then the table 82 is rotated to rotate both the detection electrodes by 90 degrees around the wire electrode 1W. I made the corrections. For example, it is sufficient to face the wire electrode 1W from the Y-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction and perform the tilt correction operation similar to that described above. By doing this, the wire electrode 1W can be guided straight along the Z-axis. Can be done.

In the above embodiments, a detection device that uses a voltage change caused by a current-carrying electrode as a signal to detect contact or proximity of a processing electrode has been described, but this is a non-contact optical, magnetic, or electrical sensing device. DC motors, AC motors, pulse motors, fluid cylinders, electromagnets,
Other feed control devices can be used, and various detectors such as various encoders, magnetic scales, moiré, inductosin, etc. are used to detect the amount of movement by this device.

The present invention automatically and easily corrects the inclination of the machining electrode, improves machining accuracy in energized machining in which machining is performed sequentially while automatically exchanging electrodes, and stably and easily machining the desired shape. It is highly effective as an automatically controlled electrical processing device.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
3 is an explanatory diagram, FIG. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment of the electrode exchange device, FIG. 4 is a diagram of the cross-sectional shape of a processing electrode, and FIG. 5 is a diagram of the configuration of an embodiment in the case of a wire cut. 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1W... processing electrode,
2, 2W... workpiece, 3, 4, 39, 40...
Energizing power source, 10, 11... Sensing electrode, 15, 1
6, 43, 44... discriminator, 17, 18, 19,
23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32...Motor, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 3
0, 33, 34...Encoder, 45...Central control unit, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,
51, 52, 53...deviation counter, 54, 5
5, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62
……counter.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Two or more detection devices arranged at a predetermined interval on a support shaft provided parallel to the main axis of the processing electrode support head to detect contact with or proximity to the processing electrode. , a device for individually advancing and retracting each of the two or more detection devices in the same direction on a plane orthogonal to the main axis; a device for tilting the processing electrode around the main axis; and a device for tilting the processing electrode about the main axis; or a device that rotates the support shaft of each of the detection devices around the main shaft, and aligns the tip of each of the detection devices on a straight line parallel to the main shaft by each of the advance/retreat feed devices. Performing an alignment operation and a facing operation in which a predetermined side surface of the processing electrode faces each of the detection devices by rotating the processing electrode using the rotation device or rotating a support shaft of each of the detection devices, and both operations are performed. After the completion, each of the forward and backward feeding devices gives each of the detection devices a close feed in the opposing direction, and the close feed is stopped by a detection signal of contact with or proximity to the processing electrode by each of the detection devices, and An operation for determining an inclination angle of the machining electrode in the opposite direction with respect to the main axis direction from a ratio between the difference in the proximity feed movement amount of each detection device and the predetermined gap length between the respective detection devices, and correcting the inclination angle. The operation of determining the amount of tilting movement of the machining electrode by the tilting device, which is necessary for The tilting angle is corrected by tilting a fixed amount, and then the processing electrode is rotated by the rotating device or the support shaft of each of the detection devices is rotated, so that the processing electrode and each of the detection devices are orthogonal to the opposing direction. A method for correcting inclination of an energized machining electrode, comprising correcting inclination of the machining electrode with respect to the main axis direction by performing the same operation as described above with the electrodes facing each other in the direction. 2. Two or more detection devices arranged at a predetermined interval on a support shaft provided parallel to the main axis of the processing electrode support head to detect contact with or proximity to the processing electrode; a device that individually advances and retracts each of the detection devices in the same direction on a plane orthogonal to the main axis; a detector that detects the amount of movement of each of the detection devices by each of the forward and backward feed devices;
a feeding device for two axes orthogonal to each other in a plane orthogonal to the main axis provided for tilting the processing electrode around the main axis; It consists of a central control device that centrally controls the device, and the central control device applies a drive signal to each of the advance/backward feed devices to align the tips of each of the detection devices on a straight line parallel to the main axis, and to align the tips of each of the detection devices to a straight line parallel to the main axis. An alignment operation is performed in which a clear signal is applied to clear the data, and a facing operation is performed in which a drive signal is applied to the rotating device to make a predetermined side surface of the processing electrode face each of the detection devices, and after the completion of both operations, the Applying a drive signal to each advancing/retreating feed device to give each of the detection devices proximity feed in the opposing direction, and stopping the proximity feed by a detection signal of contact with or proximity to the processing electrode by each of the detection devices; The inclination angle of the processing electrode in the opposing direction with respect to the main axis direction is determined from the ratio of the difference in the proximity feed movement amount of each of the detection devices detected by each of the detectors to the predetermined gap length between each of the detection devices. The amount of tilting movement of the machining electrode by one or both of the two axis feeders required to correct this inclination angle is calculated, and the calculated output signal is transmitted to each of the two axes. An energized electrode inclination correcting device, characterized in that the inclination angle is corrected by tilting the machining electrode by a predetermined amount in the opposing direction in addition to one or both of the feeding devices. 3. Two or more detection devices arranged at a predetermined interval on a support shaft provided parallel to the main axis of the processing electrode support head to detect contact with or proximity to the processing electrode; a device that individually advances and retracts each of the detection devices in the same direction on a plane orthogonal to the main axis; a detector that detects the amount of movement of each of the detection devices by each of the forward and backward feed devices;
Rotating the support shafts of two axes that are orthogonal to each other in a plane perpendicular to the main axis and that are provided for tilting the processing electrode about the main axis, and the support shafts of the respective detection devices, about the main axis. and a central control device that centrally controls each of the devices, the central control device applying a drive signal to each advance/retreat feed device to align the tips of each of the detection devices on a straight line parallel to the main axis. An alignment operation in which a clear signal is applied to each of the detectors to clear the detectors, and a facing operation in which a predetermined side surface of the processing electrode faces each of the detection devices in addition to a drive signal to the rotating device are performed, and both After the operation is completed, a drive signal is applied to each of the advance/retreat feed devices to give each of the detection devices a proximity feed in the opposing direction, and the proximity feed is converted into a detection signal of contact with or proximity to the processing electrode by each of the detection devices. Then, the processing electrode is stopped, and from the ratio of the difference in the proximity feed movement amount of each of the detection devices detected by each of the detectors to the predetermined gap length between each of the detection devices, it is determined whether the processing electrode is opposed to the main axis direction. Detecting the angle of inclination in the direction, calculating the amount of tilting movement of the processing electrode by one or both of the two axis feeders required to correct the angle of inclination, and transmitting the calculated output signal to the An electric machining electrode inclination correcting device, characterized in that the inclination angle is corrected by tilting the machining electrode by a predetermined amount in the opposing direction in addition to one or both of the two-axis feed devices.