JPS6257299A - Transmitting electromagnetic wave varying sheet-shaped object - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial applications TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sheet-like material with variable transmission electromagnetic waves.

More specifically, it relates to a sheet-like material that can change the amount of transmission of incident electromagnetic waves.

2. Description of the Related Art There are sheet-like materials that reflect and/or absorb electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet rays, visible rays, infrared rays, and radiation.

For example, a sheet-like product made by laminating aluminum film on a polyethylene film exhibits excellent reflectivity for ultraviolet rays, visible light, and infrared rays, and is widely used in various packaging materials, construction materials, agricultural materials, and the like. However, these sheet-like materials cannot change the amount of electromagnetic waves transmitted through them, and even if the amount of electromagnetic waves transmitted through them is changed by some means, they will not return to their original state.

It is not widely applicable in industry. In this way, there is no sheet-like material that can vary the amount of electromagnetic wave transmission and that can be used repeatedly.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The object of the present invention is to obtain a sheet-like material that can vary the amount of transmission of electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet rays, visible rays, infrared rays, and radiation, and can be used repeatedly.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides a sheet-like material with variable transmission electromagnetic waves, which has a metal vapor deposited layer with a thickness of 0.01-100μ on at least one surface of the sheet-like material and has an elongation recovery rate of 70 cm or more. It is a thing.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be specifically explained.

The sheet-like material having an elongation recovery rate of 70 or more according to the present invention is a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a film, which is easily elongated and has excellent elongation recovery. For example, in knitted fabrics, it is better to use smooth fabrics with many knits rather than those with many tucks and welts, and in woven fabrics, you can use plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, etc., but if you use bias, it will have good elongation. and elongation recovery properties are obtained. Also, besides these.

If the sheet-like material contains a material such as polyurethane or polybutylene terephthal that has excellent elongation and elongation recovery properties, it can be made with excellent elongation and elongation recovery properties. . With non-woven fabrics and films for 4G,
The material itself must contain something that has excellent stretchability and stretch recovery; if it does not contain this, it will be difficult to stretch and the sheet-like product will have almost no stretch recovery. Of course, if the material itself has excellent elongation and elongation recovery properties, and inter-knit or inter-weave is used.

A knitted fabric with excellent elongation and elongation recovery properties can be obtained.

Materials such as polyurethane and polybutylene terephthalate, which have excellent elongation and elongation recovery rates, and other materials, such as synthetic fiber materials such as polyester, polyamide, and polyacrylonitrile, and cellulose materials. .

There are no particular limitations, and the mixing ratio with any material is arbitrary; knitted fabrics,
Even if the woven fabric does not contain any material with excellent elongation properties and elongation recovery rate, it still has the elongation recovery rate 7, which is a requirement of the present invention.
A sheet-like material having a density of 0- or more is obtained. However, it is preferable that a material having excellent elongation and elongation recovery properties of 3 or more is included, which exhibits even more excellent elongation recovery properties and widens the selection range of single knit and woven structures. In addition, the properties of the material having excellent extensibility and elongation recovery can be fully exhibited in the film, and the higher the mixing ratio of the material, the better the film can be obtained in both elongation and elongation recovery. A film containing 70 weight or more of a material having excellent extensibility and elongation recovery is most suitable for the sheet-like article of the present invention.

Materials with excellent elongation and elongation recovery and materials that do not have good elongation can be mixed in any way, but for example, they can be mixed using the following methods: ■ Materials with excellent elongation and elongation recovery (hereinafter referred to as A material) and other materials (hereinafter referred to as B material) are dissolved by heating or using a solvent.

After sufficient stirring, it is formed into a film by melt extrusion or coating. At this time, when the solvent is used to form a film, a film with higher strength can be obtained if the solvent is removed by a dry method.

■ A knitted fabric made from material B by dissolving material A with a solvent,
Coat the fabric and remove the solvent. At this time,
The material A may penetrate into a knitted fabric or woven fabric (so-called impregnation method) or form a film on a knitted fabric or woven fabric. Also,
After producing a film using material A, it may be transferred onto knitted or woven fabrics. Furthermore, it goes without saying that other materials may be mixed in each material.

■ Knitting and weaving using threads of material A and material B.

Manufacture nonwoven fabrics. Although the thread arrangement is arbitrary, A. Arrange the threads so that the material is evenly distributed on the sheet-like object. In addition, each thread is not 100% by weight of each material, but the covering,
A. By blending etc.

B material may be mixed.

The sheet-like product of the present invention can be obtained by the method described above, but when vapor deposition is performed directly over the entire area on the 7-tate-like product obtained by the above method (1), electromagnetic waves are generated due to severe surface irregularities. The reflectivity is above, ■.

■It is a little inferior to the sheet-like material of the law.

Therefore, it can be said that sheet-like products obtained by method (1) or (2) are suitable as the sheet-like product of the present invention.

The elongation recovery rate of the sheet-like material according to the present invention is required to be 7G or more, but if the elongation recovery rate is less than YES, the elongation recovery property is insufficient, the stretched sheet-like material does not return to its original state, and the electromagnetic wave permeability remains in the state before stretching. It's going to be a long way off. Therefore, in order to make a sheet-like product that can be used repeatedly, the elongation recovery rate must be `roqIi or more, preferably 85- or more, and more preferably 95- or more.
It is preferable that the elongation recovery rate is higher than the above. In addition, the elongation recovery rate of the sheet-like material referred to in the present invention is based on JIS L1018r.
Elongation recovery rate: Measured by the first method according to method A (constant elongation method).

(b) Sample size 5 cm x 20 cm (
Chuck spacing) (b) Measuring machine: Tensilon tensile tester (c) Tensile speed: 10 m/m) Elongation rate: 20% (e) How to determine elongation recovery rate: To measure residual elongation, measure 1 dispersion after elongation recovery. Do this after installing the device.

The thickness of the sheet-like material of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is set so as not to impede transmission of the intended electromagnetic waves. For example, if the electromagnetic wave is visible light, it is preferable to keep the thickness as thin as possible (L, 1 m or less).

Furthermore, any substance may be mixed into the sheet-like material as long as it does not significantly inhibit the transmission of the intended electromagnetic waves. For example, when the electromagnetic wave is infrared rays, a matting agent such as titanium oxide may be mixed into the sheet material.

The transmission electromagnetic wave variable sheet material of the present invention has a metal vapor deposition layer on at least one side of the sheet material, and vapor deposition here refers to metal lamination by vacuum vapor deposition method or sputtering method. The metals are At, Ay, Au%CuS
Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti5W, Pt, Ta,
81SZn, Cd.

Refers to all metals and metal compounds such as Eib, Pb, Co, Bi, and Ga. These metals are arbitrarily selected depending on the intended electromagnetic wave. That is, it is sufficient to deposit a metal that reflects or absorbs the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted when the sheet-like material is stretched when the sheet-like material is not stretched. For example, when reflecting infrared rays, use At or Au.

When reflecting visible light such as Ni-Ca alloy, R
h, Af, At, etc. when reflecting ultraviolet rays, Ap.
.

When reflecting radiation such as Ni, At, or Pb, pb or the like may be selected.

In the present invention, the sheet-like material has a metal vapor deposited layer on at least one surface, and the thickness of the metal thin layer is 0.01 #1.
00μ, preferably 0.03 to 50μ, more preferably 0.04 to 10μ. If the metal vapor deposition layer is less than 0.01 μm, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves will be poor, and a large amount of electromagnetic waves will be transmitted even when the sheet-like article is not stretched. Furthermore, if the metal vapor deposition layer is thicker than 100 μm, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves is good, but the electromagnetic waves are well reflected even when the sheet-like object is stretched, and a sufficient amount of transmission cannot be obtained. Further, the sheet-like material is exposed to high temperatures, which may cause a decrease in the strength of the sheet-like material, which is not preferable. The thickness of these metal vapor deposition layers can be measured using the crystal oscillation method, microbalance method, chemical trace analysis method, quantitative analysis method, electrical resistance measurement method, capacitance measurement method, photoelectric photometry method, multi-quantity optical interferometry method, etc. Circular polarization method, ionization pressure needle and mass spectrometry, stylus method, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, β
There are linear absorption and inverse scattering methods, radioactivity measurement methods, etc., and any method may be selected to measure the thickness of the metal vapor deposited layer.

In the present invention, the sheet material has a metal vapor deposited layer on at least one surface, but in order to prevent the metal vapor deposit layer from oxidizing or falling off,
It is preferable to laminate a polyurethane film or the like having excellent elongation and elongation recovery properties on the metal vapor-deposited layer by coating or transfer lamination, thereby improving the strength of the sheet-like material. Alternatively, a knitted fabric or woven fabric may be laminated with an adhesive on the metal vapor deposited layer, and the woven fabric may have a fabric weight of 30 to 809/TI using relatively transparent monofilament!
fabric, even if the electromagnetic radiation is visible light.

When the sheet-like material is stretched, the transmission of visible light is not inhibited, and the metal vapor deposited layer is protected and the strength of the sheet-like material with variable transmission electromagnetic waves is improved.

The electromagnetic wave transmission variable sheet material of the present invention manufactured as described above changes the amount of electromagnetic wave transmission due to stretching.
This is because the lateral density of metal atoms or molecules in the metal vapor deposited layer laminated on at least one surface of the sheet-like object becomes coarse due to elongation, so that the electromagnetic waves that were reflected and absorbed before elongation are It is thought that it permeates through the gaps between molecules. Therefore, as the elongation rate increases, the transmission of electromagnetic waves also increases.

It is thought that the gap will continue to expand.

EXAMPLE Next, an example will be shown in which the electromagnetic wave transmission amount of each electromagnetic wave transmission amount of the variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet material obtained in the example was measured by the 11th order method.

■Visible light transmission amount; An opening is provided on one side of the hexahedron with the inside painted black.

A transparent electromagnetic wave variable sheet material was tightly attached to the opening to close the opening. A Pentax digital spot meter (manufactured by Asahi Kogaku Kogyo ■) was installed on one side facing this opening. next.

Aim the variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet material toward the blue sky, and measure the brightness and visible light transmission amount of the variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet material using a Pentax digital spot meter, and convert it to CD/♂, which is 2091 of the variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet material. The amount of visible light transmitted when stretched and unstretched was determined. In addition, for repeated use, the process of stretching 20 inches and then releasing the extension was repeated 5 times, and the amount of visible light transmitted at the time of the 5th extension and when the extension was released was measured.

■Amount of infrared transmission: A temperature sensor (platinum resistance thermometer) was installed inside a thermostatic chamber at a temperature of 20°C, and a hexahedron with an opening on the - side and the other sides covered with heat insulating material was created. A sheet-like material with variable transmission of electromagnetic waves is installed so that there is no gap in the opening of this hexahedron, and a heating plate coated with black paint is installed at a place 60 vm lli away from the sheet-like material so that the width is 0.9 to the vehicle. I placed it. With this device, the temperature of the heating plate is kept constant at 50'C,
After 1 hour had elapsed, the temperature rise inside the hexahedron was measured when the transmitted electromagnetic wave variable sheet material was stretched by 20% and when it was not stretched. Also.

Regarding repeatability, it was conducted in accordance with ①Measurement of visible light transmission amount.

◎Amount of X-ray transmission The amount of X-ray transmission was measured using the following measuring device and measurement conditions, and the repeatability was also determined according to (■).

X-ray generator Circlex P-5AC (Takasu Seisakusho) Tube voltage 1lOKv Tube current 4mA Filtration filter AAl, 5-source illumination field! OX20gg (Phantom Surface) Phantom 20X20X20ai water measuring instrument ionization box type DR-2! B Sheet size: 180 x 9ochi Room size: 4.2m (width) x@m (length) x 2. ? ff1
(Height) Distance between the X-ray tube and the center of 7 Antom Distance from the center of Funtom in 45 countries to the measuring device 110Ga Height of measurement position 9Gam Position of sheet-like object Stand in front of the saw of the measuring device.

Example 1 How to determine the amount of permeation A solution of polyurethane dissolved in a solvent was coated on a polyester film whose surface had been siliconized using a four-wheel coater, and the solvent was removed and coagulated using a hot air dryer. The film thickness of this polyurethane sheet material was 40 μm, and red color was then vapor-deposited on one side using a vacuum evaporator to a film thickness of 0.05 μm. The transmission electromagnetic wave variable sheet thus produced had an elongation recovery rate of 10 G-, and the visible light transmission amount was measured in the first order i when elongated and when not elongated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

In Example 1, sheet-like materials with variable transmission electromagnetic waves having different thicknesses of metal vapor deposited layers were manufactured, and the amount of visible light transmitted was measured.

The results are shown in Table 1. moreover.

In Example 1, a solution of polyacrylonitrile dissolved in a solvent was mixed into a polyurethane solution.

A sheet material with variable transmission electromagnetic waves with varying elongation recovery rate was manufactured by a method of making a polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile mixed sheet material. The amount of visible light transmitted through this variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.

In addition, the change in visible light transmission amount due to increase in elongation rate of the electromagnetic wave variable transmission sheet produced in Example 1 was measured,
The results are shown in FIG.

As a comparative example, a sheet material was used in which AI was metal-deposited to a thickness of 0.05 μm on a polyester film with an elongation recovery rate of 4°.

As shown in Table 1 below, the variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet material of the present invention hardly transmits visible light when unstretched, but when stretched by 20 inches, the amount of transmission significantly increased by 30 times.

In addition, a range in which the film thickness of the metal vapor deposited layer is 0.0l-Zooμ and the elongation recovery rate of the sheet-like material is 70 inches or more is suitable for a sheet-like material with variable transmission electromagnetic waves, and can be used repeatedly. .

In contrast to these, the polyester sheet of the comparative example.

Sheet-like materials deposited with AA have poor elongation recovery properties and cannot be used repeatedly, and cannot be widely used industrially.

Also, as shown in Figure 1, as the elongation rate increases,
The amount of visible light transmitted also increases significantly.

It can be said that the sheet-like material has a fairly wide range in which the amount of transmission can be selected.

Example 2 Smooth structure using polyester yarn with a basis weight of 100 f
A knitted fabric of /♂ was manufactured. Separately, a polyurethane solution was coated on release paper, and the solvent was removed using a hot air dryer.
Coagulation was performed to obtain a sheet-like material with a film thickness of 10 μm. This sheet-like material is coated with a polyurethane adhesive, and after semi-drying, the previously produced knitted fabric is glued, pressed,
Drying was performed. Next, Au was sputtered to a thickness of 0.1 μm on the surface of the polyurethane sheet Q thus produced. This sheet material with variable transmission electromagnetic waves had an elongation recovery rate of 95-, and the amount of infrared transmission was measured when it was not elongated and when it was elongated, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Example 3 100% Pb was added to a polyurethane sheet with a thickness of 5 μm.
Sputtering was performed to a film thickness of μ. The process of gluing two polyurethane sheets sputtered with this PB using a polyurethane adhesive was repeated 1°, resulting in a thickness of 1.5 cm.
It was made into a sheet-like product. A nonwoven lead fiber sheet was impregnated with polyurethane and adhered to a sheet material to obtain a sheet material with variable transmission electromagnetic waves having a thickness of 2.7 mm.

The elongation recovery rate of this transparent electromagnetic wave variable sheet material was 85 cm.The X-ray transmission spear was measured when it was not elongated and when it was elongated, and the results are shown in Table 2.

From Table 2, it can be seen that the electromagnetic wave transmission amount of the variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet material of the present invention changes greatly between when it is unstretched and when it is stretched. Of course, it is natural that almost no data will change even after repeated use.

Effects of the Invention In the transmission electromagnetic wave variable sheet material of the present invention, the desired electromagnetic waves can be reflected and absorbed depending on the type of metal in the metal vapor deposition layer laminated on the sheet material, and the transmission electromagnetic wave variable sheet material is not stretched. When the VCC electromagnetic wave is transmitted, there is almost no transmission, or even if it is transmitted, it is very small. If this transparent electromagnetic wave variable sheet material is stretched, the electromagnetic waves that have been reflected and absorbed will be transmitted. Further, as the elongation rate increases, the amount of transmission also increases, so the amount of transmission can also be selected. Furthermore, if the expansion is canceled, almost no electromagnetic waves will be transmitted, or even if they are transmitted, only a small amount will be transmitted. In this way, the amount of electromagnetic wave transmission changes as the electromagnetic wave transmission variable sheet material is stretched and unstretched, and this phenomenon does not change even if the process is repeated.

The variable transmission electromagnetic wave sheet material of the present invention changes the amount of electromagnetic wave transmission by stretching and can be used repeatedly, so it can be used for various optical sensors and industrial materials such as vinyl houses that require control of the amount of visible light transmitted. It can be used in medical clothing and equipment that handles radiation, industrial materials such as curtain fabrics and constant temperature water tanks that control infrared reflection and transmission, and other barrel fields.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in elongation and visible light transmission amount of the electromagnetic wave variable sheet according to the present invention. Figure 1 Elongation rate ゛%ゝ

Claims (1)

[Claims] A transparent electromagnetic wave variable sheet material having a metal vapor deposition layer having a thickness of 0.01 to 100 μ on at least one surface of the sheet material having an elongation recovery rate of 70% or more.