JPS62500492A - Variable continuous injection digital pressure gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention provides a method for staying at a higher ambient pressure than at one surface 1 where the final pressure is reached. Persons who breathe gas mixtures containing species or non-metabolizable gases (divers, 91. Workers, aviators, astronauts, etc. ) Minimum program confirmation for non-pathological decompression Definitively display the standard method and the program and associated parameters that apply this method. The present invention relates to an automatic device including a submersible device and a diving assembly equipped with the device.

The purpose of the decompression program is that non-metabolizable gases are transported through the lungs and blood to the body during the stay under pressure. Dissolution in the braid in an amount greater than could be present at surface pressure, and excessively rapid depressurization. The excess gas that is not dissipated by the living body is removed from the blood through the lungs and into the exhaled gas. rather, it is released in the form of so-called pathological bubbles in the sledding field, i.e. damage the tissues in which they appear and/or impede blood circulation in some blood vessels. The range of possible and generally different outcomes of this depressurization incident is The symptoms range from mild localized itching to death.

The two main types of decompression are continuous decompression and gradual decompression.

Continuous depressurization reduces ambient pressure continuously or even in small steps, which is rapid but impractical. , this stepwise depressurization is relatively spaced from each other and typically takes 3 me to reach the surface. The device is kept at a predetermined ambient pressure at intervals of m (seawater meters) for a relatively long period of time. up to the first step.

The movement speed between each step is determined by a predetermined maximum allowable value, typically 10-20 mem. It is limited.

Regardless of the type of decompression used, the ideal decompression program should have a minimum It's rum. That is, the process that minimizes the overall time without compromising the safety of the parties involved. It is a program.

The reason is obvious. Especially when it comes to professional diving.

Losing tens of minutes of decompression time in exchange for money is a temporary loss of divers and their surrounding personnel and materials. This is because the cost per unit is large, resulting in a loss of several thousand seven runs.

The method of determining the decompression program is based on the program defined for a given exposure by the method. The program is correct when it is as close as possible to the minimum program and the deviation is in the safe direction. It is certain.

There are two basic factors that limit the accuracy of a given method.

The first factor is the measurement of the person's saturation with non-metabolizable gases after a given exposure. It has constant accuracy.

The second factor is that the saturation conditions mentioned above must be maintained during decompression to avoid the appearance of pathological bubbles. This is the stress measurement accuracy that must be achieved.

Nor are these two factors mutually exclusive. Fact saturation measurement error The larger the The stress that must be applied to the saturation state during the depressurization process becomes more severe.

The method of the present invention has a better first factor and therefore a better second factor than conventional methods. Has a factor.

Before describing how this is accomplished, these methods whether applied to ambient pressure/virtual time scenarios, as in the case of Actual profile of exposure as in the case of analogue or digital pressure gauge devices Even if it is applied to

There are many, but all, or at least the most effective and therefore most used The law was developed in the early part of this century by the British physiologist J. Building on Hullzon's pioneering work have a common underlying structure.

The saturation state of the organism is indicated by the pressure traps of non-metabolizable gases in the tissues of the body. give The saturation state of a given fiber with respect to the gas that is In this specification, saturation is defined as an equilibrium state in which gas is stably contained in a dissolved state. (denoted by the initial S), the pressure of a gas in the tissue is equal to the fraction of said gas in the respiratory mixture. This partial pressure is itself equal to the product of the ambient pressure and the gas concentration in the mixture. The gas pressure represents the concentration of %M gas as a measure.

These tissues are not specific anatomical tissues, but rather given non-metabolizable gases. and are connected by the commonality ldj with respect to the exchange dynamism with respiratory gas. The set considered by each method refers to a combination of multiple anatomical tissues. The finite number of textures is a sampling, which theoretically leads to an almost infinite number of such introductions. The number shall be representative of the total number.

Each tissue is characterized by a periodic constant or half-life constant for a 1% constant gas. This constant ranges from minutes to tens of minutes depending on the organization; The difference between the gas pressure and the saturation pressure, which is equal to the partial pressure of the gas (assumed to be constant) in the breathing mixture, is Washing time is reduced by half and the time required is fixed.

This definition means that gas pressure changes over time according to the law expressed as follows using the differential method. This means that it varies as an exponential function of t.

(Formula 1) dq/clt -k (gp-q) where, q is the gas pressure hs during the wire assembly, g is the mole fraction of gas in the mixture p is ambient pressure k −Lo g2/h Ham*Oi finger JiX coefficient thea’), here, LOg2 is the natural logarithm of 2, h is the period of the tissue.

Here, if gp and k are constant, the following equation (2) can be obtained in the form of integration.

(Formula 2) q-qo+(gp-qo)(1-exp(-kt))Here, qO is the initial value (time O), and q is the final value (time t) of the gas pressure.

Furthermore, Wakachi's method is actually used at ambient pressures of 70 m and 8 m or more when the ambient pressure is high. For gas pressure evaluation, such as increasing the time passed by 1.5 or 20 times by 1. Use computational techniques.

When the saturation pressure of the living body is displayed in this way, it is added to this when depressurizing. The power stress is essentially a linear but not necessarily through the origin stress for each gas and each tissue. It consists of the maximum allowable pressure as an increasing function of the ambient pressure.

These maximum allowable pressures at a given ambient pressure for a given gas are is higher than the ambient pressure of A certain allowable saturation level (pressure above the saturation pressure) is applied to the M4 fabric, and each pressure release For each tissue in the step, the saturation vibration given by Equation 1 is proportional to M Give the possibility of desaturation with desaturation rate.

Another stress mentioned earlier is the most rapid non-pathological desaturation of tissues such as blood. This is the maximum decompression speed or maximum re-ascension speed that can be guaranteed.

In order to figure out how to improve the conventional method, for example, R, D, +7-kuma Written by O.S. Navy Expe-rimental Diving Uni tr) Please refer to paragraph 3.4.1 of Research Report 6-65 (1965). cormorant.

This is written as follows:

``Also, the introduction of inert gas during work may increase cardiac output and continuous tissue infusion. It is recognized that the current level is larger than during the period of hiatus. Similarly, removal of inert gas during rest is work. It will be slower than medium. Determining the maximum gas pressure allowed from diving operations takes this difference into consideration. Continuous infusion of anatomical tissue (tissue blood flow) is practically non-existent. It is one of the factors in the saturation process and unsaturation process of metabolic gases.

Boycott, Damant and Haltane (Prevention of Compressed Air Disease: J, Hyg, London) 8, 445-456.

(1908), the characteristic index coefficient of a given tissue for a given gas is As mentioned above, it is inversely proportional to the period of this tissue for this gas, and is expressed by: be done.

(Formula 3) k - aOB/S Here, a is a constant, C is continuous blood infusion of tissue; B is the solubility of gas in blood; 8 is the solubility of gas in the tissue.

Therefore, according to these authors, the perimeter of any organization, all other things being the same, The period will vary in inverse proportion to the continuous infusion of this tissue.

But today, this is true only for tissues with blood vessels, and only for tissues with blood vessels. There is no tissue, i.e. dissolved gases persist for a relatively long distance to diffuse before reaching the blood vessels. It is believed that the required tissue cycle depends somewhat on the continuous infusion of these tissues. It is now possible to

These tissues are also the tissues with the longest period.

Continuous infusion of tissues with increased metabolism, such as muscles that cause stress, can reduce this metabolic increase. increased by swelling of the collapsing tubes in the tissue in response to the primary decrease in blood oxygen caused by do.

Along with this vasodilation, the cardiac output operculum increases in order to maintain a constant arterial pressure. occurs.

℃ During rest and continuous exercise, the human heart pumps at a rate of 5 to 25 liters/min. Varies within a range. That is, it fluctuates by a factor of five or more. Good for exerting large vertical muscle strength Cardiac output of approximately 40 liters per minute has been measured in trained gymnasts. be.

Just the act of walking slowly increases cardiac output by approximately 50% compared to resting levels. let

By the way, according to the law of blood storage preservation, cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying 1×1 by 1 or more. The increase naturally results from increased metabolic tissue and continuous infusion, which is the cause of increased cardiac output. Both are associated with an increase in the multiplier 1y1 equal to 1x2.

If Boycott, Damant and Nordane are to be believed, this This means that the number coefficient, and therefore the speed of gas exchange during assembly, increases by the same factor ly1. Ru. times 'Xh' 'X', therefore, the magnification factor 1 yI can be 5 or more. , the personal saturation routine mentioned in the report quotation cited earlier by Workman. It can be seen that the error when making a decision using the conventional method can be large.

A simple model of a living organism in which the index coefficients of all tissues vary in proportion to the heart extraction rate. Considering that a diver is also working on the ocean floor with a cardiac output of 25 liters/min, completely safely up to a cardiac output of 5 liters/min by conventional methods (this is doubtful). However, if the pressure can be removed, the commutativity of 1 to 1 and 1 tM in (Equation 2) Therefore, the same diver is at the same depth, but his cardiac output on the ocean floor is 5 liters. tor/minute, and if no work was done on the seabed, it would take five times as long. I thought that I would have been able to safely undergo the same σ decompression program after diving. It will be done.

Additionally, in both cases, the diver's saturation state when he begins to ascend again is It would have been exactly the same.

In other words, in some cases, the diver will dive for a virtual time of 175 times the actual dive time. It is certainly possible to use regular divers. For example, against high pressure workers. 7:11974 French Ministry of Labor Regulations for Special Protective Measures for Light-Blowed Divers (Kozuri, % separate volume 74-48, 2), it is possible to dive for 50 minutes at a depth of 57 m. It would be possible to re-ascend safely later in 11.4 minutes (this would be 5015-57m at 57m). (recommended time for a 10 minute dive). This can be done by strictly applying the table above. Compared to the 141.6 minutes of the decompression program obtained by This saves 2% of depressurization time.

In the above example we will test the time savings demonstrated by the diver. Needless to say, the simplicity of this hypothesis leads to great danger. This hypothesis is based on pressure The change in luck i#lf when it is pumped out has a large effect on the actually required depressurization time. It is just an indication.

On the other hand, the ambient temperature, i.e. the temperature of the environment that receives the diver, is the It is recognized that it affects continuous infusion. In other words, low temperature reduces the continuous infusion of living organisms. It also reduces the rate of gas exchange.

From the above, it can be seen that a diver exposed to a cold environment will experience a slower rate of depletion than if the ambient temperature was moderate. They will not be able to bear the pressure.

The purpose of the present invention is to analyze divers' movements in order to more accurately determine optimal decompression programs. and/or the ambient temperature.

Therefore, the method of determining real-time decompression programs for divers or hyperbaric workers according to the present invention is , essentially, −h′P! a step of measuring time and ambient pressure during ejection; measuring and/or determining at least one of the following auxiliary parameters: , 1) continuous infusion of one or more tissues; 2) cardiac output; 3) pulmonary ventilation, 4) Oxygen consumption, 5) Heart rate, 6) ambient temperature; − From these parameters, the saturation state of the diver is first determined and an appropriate decompression program is created. The method is characterized by including a step of inducing the method.

In order to calculate the saturation state of the diver and guide an appropriate decompression program, the first embodiment The method consists of 7 steps of measuring diving time and circumferential pressure, and 7 steps to derive the maximum diving depth. storing the maximum ambient pressure for the purpose of Lung ventilation l) and the step of measuring the ambient temperature and Z, and the maximum value of said exercise parameters and the ambient a step of memorizing the minimum value of the temperature and, as a function of the latter two parameters, e.g. The ventilation rate does not exceed 40 liters/min and the ambient temperature is below 10'C. If not, select the pre-registered first decompression light, for example the Gere table, and is the step of selecting the second pre-memory decompression table, for example the table of the French Ministry of Labor, and the diver for the selected decompression light corresponding to the dive time and maximum depth value reached. and a step of specifying the data.

In addition to determining the saturation state of the diver and an appropriate decompression program, the method according to the embodiment is , a) time, ambient pressure, and any one of said motion parameters (e.g. pulmonary ventilation); and ambient temperature are constantly measured.

and the step of b) Next, it is contained in one or more raccoons constituting a mathematical model of the diver's biological body. Measure the amount of neutral gas produced.

The above-mentioned total 4 is calculated by real-time integration of the gas exchange rate of the theoretical structure, and the above-mentioned total The gas exchange rate of is defined by the formula below, dqi/at, ki, Δ1 Here, ql is the amount of gas present in the corresponding tissue, and here, △1 is qi ((p +ki) then equals (gp-qi), or vice versa if (gp-( p + ki)), where g is the mole fraction of neutral scum in the intake air mixture, %p is the ambient pressure, and where ki'')Q is an experimentally determined constant The bubble formation threshold can also be expressed as the index coefficient of the tissue where 1〉0 is measured. measured motion parameters, such as VR (pneumonia), T (ambient temperature) and Δ1. If -Δ1>0, then using the following function of cardiac output t, ki- −ai, aQc÷α1,0 An upper limit on the cardiac extraction volume taking into account ambient pressure, implantation of the inspired air mixture, and this upper limit is determined from pre-stored physiological experimental data, and in this formula, the coefficient α1 ゜j is a constant determined by experiment VC, and if -△i<O, then under ambient temperature T Using Fugi's function.

The simplest non-trivial form in kl-Σβi, mT is: kl-β1,4T+β1. 0 Here, βi,m are constants determined by experiment.

C) These data can be used to induce an appropriate decompression program using any of the existing methods. and a guiding stage.

Cardiac output (or oxygen consumption) is determined by the breathing gas tank in the case of open circuit breathing apparatus. By monitoring the pressure (oxygen tank pressure in the case of a neutral gas circulation system), the following can be achieved. It can be determined by isothermal expansion pressure.

(Formula 4) x - - V/p-ay/at where X is the parameter to be determined ta is the volume of the tank, p is the ambient pressure, P is the pressure in the tank (aP/dt is the rate of fluctuation of P, obviously at a constant temperature) is negative), It is also confirmed by the non-isothermal expansion law that intervenes when the ambient temperature is measured. can be determined.

P's awareness that better management of the breathing tank can improve It shows the benefits.

The method of the present invention calculates the integral of (Equation 4) by knowing P and the depressurization program at the same time. Therefore, it is possible to predict the valence of P when it reaches the surface using the formula below. This makes managing this breathing tank that much easier.

(Formula 5) Ps-Po-X0/V J patrog Here, Pg is the predicted value of P when reaching the surface, PO is the current value of P, XO is the constant value of lung ventilation t (or oxygen consumption) during decompression. It is.

For safety reasons, relatively high values, e.g. 2 0 liter/min (or 1 liter/min) could be used.

The symbol 'pro g' below the integral sign indicates that the integral is the ambient pressure/hour of the depressurization program. This means that it is carried out in an interval profile.

Of course, such a prediction is based on the hypothetical residual current at the depth of σ prior to the re-ascension. The residence time is used to implement new saturation conditions and new depressurization programs. This was done by calculating the same way as for the residence time, and in this way nine replicates were obtained. The test took into account the residual amount of usable breathing gas possible at the current depth. It is possible to predict the maximum remaining time.

It is also an object of the present invention to implement a diver decompression program to carry out the aforementioned method. In the time determination device.

The device according to the invention essentially includes:

a) at least one time measuring means for generating said time signal; b) at least one ambient pressure measuring means for generating a signal indicative of the ambient pressure value.

C) measuring at least one of the following parameters and producing a signal indicating the value of said parameter: at least one measurement means for generating; Continuous infusion of single or multiple tissues Heart extraction amount.

Lung chivalry kid, oxygen consumption, Heart rate, Ambient temperature, d) receiving the output signal of the measuring means; Saturation of the diver according to the program pre-registered in the memory from the signal a while ago Calculate, − Determine the optimal depressurization program and display the output signal indicating this depressurization program. e) an output signal of the calculation means and/or an output of the measurement means; display means for receiving the force signal; f) Selection of the diver(s) and/or breathing gas specifically to be used. Entering the cylinder volume and/or selecting the calculation method for the depressurization program to be used. It is characterized by including a data introduction means that enables selection.

According to another feature of the invention, the measuring means each.

A pickup that generates an analog electrical signal and a pickup that receives the analog electrical signal. It consists of an analog/digital converter that supports digital signals in the form of binary codes. .

The computing means, on the other hand, also consist of a microcombiator containing the aforementioned memory.

According to another feature of the invention, the lung ventilation tube or the means for measuring oxygen consumption comprises a flexible tube. cylinder pressure pickup connected to the cylinder by and analog/digital conversion a programmable timer and an analog The gas pressure value in the cylinder is sequentially received from the digital converter and the pressure in the cylinder is calculated. A microcomputer that calculates lung ventilation or oxygen consumption by calculating the rate of decline. It consists of ta.

According to another feature of the invention, the memory of the microcomputer stores the GIIiRB table. , French Ministry of Labor tables, or other tables containing representative data.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, Q) a micro combi-air device that can be installed in the manufacturing facility. The data of the real-time calculation program of the neutral gas t existing in the theoretical structure is stored in the memory of the data. He runs a restaurant.

The following non-limiting example description is given below with reference to the accompanying figures showing the flow sheet of the apparatus of the invention. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading. As shown in the figure, the device for determining a diver's decompression program in real time according to the present invention comprises: Add 1 to 1 dive time and generate a signal representing this time. and, at least one measuring means for measuring ambient pressure and generating a signal representative of this pressure; - Measure and/or determine at least one of the following parameters and at least one means for generating a signal representative of the value of the parameter; - one or more continuous infusions, stroke volume, One lung chivalry, monooxygen consumption i, One heartbeat.

-) ^Jf! ii temperature, - Receives the output signal of the measuring means, and uses the output signal of this σ and the pre-registered program. Calculate the saturation state of the sailor, determine the optimal decompression program, and use this decompression program. and/or produce an output signal representative of the value measured by the measuring means. and automatic calculation means.

- display means for receiving the output signals of the calculation means and/or the measurement means; and/or and data input means.

The device of the invention further comprises a casing comprising compartments for receiving the various means mentioned above. including.

According to a first embodiment, a total of nine means of memory store at least two types of depressurization tables, e.g. Contains data from GIR8e and French Ministry of Labor tables.

According to a specific embodiment, the device receives a maximum value of pulmonary ventilation and a minimum value of ambient temperature. These two registers preferably contain live memo. 7) Consists of two areas.

In addition, this device is capable of measuring the maximum ambient pressure value and dive time value received by the diver. It also contains two registers.

The calculation means determines the maximum diving depth according to the maximum ambient pressure value and firstly stores it in the register. GBR8 table or graph as a function of the minimum ambient temperature and maximum lung ventilation values entered. Select one of the Reims Ministry of Labor table σ.

- As an example, the G hR8 table indicates that unless the ambient temperature falls below 10°C, the lung ventilation It is selected if the air flow does not exceed 401 Jtorr/min.

In relation to the dripping time and the maximum diving depth reached, the calculation means is 1 display means. The parameters determining the decompression phase (step and (duration of the tap).

Through measuring means, this device automatically detects the fact that the diver is ascending and Verify whether the husband is following the instructions on the decompression chart, and if he is not, use the display means. The diver can be notified of this through Note that it is possible to reactivate the program.

According to another embodiment, in order to determine each step of depressurization, the countermeasures of the device are Real-time measurement of tissue gas exchange rates according to the instructions of a program stored in memory The amount of neutral gas contained in one or more theoretical structures is calculated by integration.

The stiffness calculation was performed using ambient pressure for 1 hour and exercise parameters to evaluate the saturation state of the diver. Considering the small amount of data (e.g. lung ventilation) and the ambient temperature, the first normal method is to guide the diver's optimal decompression program.

This second embodiment is more responsive than the first embodiment to the decompression program in response to the actual progress of re-ascension. Suitable for reactivating the ram and for performing repeated dives at high altitude or in the sinus ribs. Let's be careful that there are. In fact, this second embodiment takes into account the actual profile of ejection. It does not take into account the extreme value σ of the parameter. Matako A second embodiment of this is applicable when the dive profile attempts to leave the pre-registered table frame. It can also coexist with the first embodiment to replace it.

This device includes an ambient pressure 611'' constant means, a time measuring means, an ambient temperature measuring means, and an operation and movement measuring means. - By way of example, the device according to the invention may and at least one measuring means for pulmonary ventilation or oxygen consumption. Preferably, Lung ventilation -ffi (or oxygen consumption) is determined by the residual threat of respiratory gas (Equation 4). Alternatively, it is determined by measuring the rate of decrease in the pressure P of the oxygen residual lid (oxygen residual lid). calculation chest The means and optionally the display means are adapted for the output signal of said measuring means of the pressure P. I feel that way.

The above-mentioned nine means in total are connected to the output signal of the pressure P measuring means and at both ends of the small time interval. The rate of fluctuation of the pressure P is calculated as a function of the output signal of the time measuring means. Said The calculation means correspond to the above-mentioned rate of P fluctuation, the ambient pressure and the volume of the tank concerned. to determine the user's lung ventilation (or oxygen consumption).

The calculation means are also based on the current decompression program and, in some cases, on this program. Simultaneously with the ram, the user immediately starts its re-elevation according to the instructions of the device and Based on the hypothesis that the lung ventilation at the time of re-ascent takes a predetermined expected value, Use the current measurement of pressure P to predict the value of P when the user reaches the surface. and this value may or may not depend on the measured value until the moment the prediction is fulfilled. I can do things.

The above calculation means determines that the predicted value P upon reaching the surface is less than or equal to a given safety threshold. At the same time, the user can be warned through one or more display means.

The above prediction also predicts a hypothetical residual residence time at the current depth K prior to re-ascension. , thereby adjusting the new saturation state and new depressurization program to the actual residence time. It is carried out by Sumi to calculate the same way as for The maximum residual amount possible at the current depth, taking into account the residual amount of breathing gas available for use. It is possible to predict the residence time.

Means for measuring ambient pressure, means for measuring ambient temperature, means for measuring the pressure of single and multiple cylinders each generates an analog electrical signal (one pickup and one pickup) at least one analog signal receiving the analog signal and converting it into a digital signal; analog/digital converter.

In addition, lung ventilation controllers are equipped with cylinder pressure pickup and analog/digital Contains a programmable timer with the converter, these calculation means are programmable In conjunction with the timer it is possible to calculate the rate of change of pressure in the cylinder. Like Alternatively, a cylinder pressure pickup is connected to said cylinder by a flexible tube.

Preferably the outputs of these pickups are multi-channels controlled by metering means. The output of this multiplexer is electrically analog/digital. Connected to the input of the converter. Through the intervention of a multiplexer, the calculation means sequentially Select each pickup ya-far.

The pickup of the pressure measuring means is of the feedback type or resistance type, and is electro-mechanical. may be mechanical or electrical, passive or active, precalibrated or uncalibrated. , with or without sensitivity and/or zero internal thermal compensation, absolute pressure sensitivity or be relative pressure sensitivity to the pressure prevailing in the casing or one of its compartments σ) .

These pickups include bellows, bourdon tubes, levers, electrical signal movement transducers, The membrane, the intervening fluid for pressure transmission, the sensing part of the pickup and the environment in which the pressure is measured are connected to each other. The balance may or may not include flexible or rigid conduits. the electrical part is taken from one or more electronic elements, individual or integrated, and these elements Electrically acts as a 1 Wheatstone bridge 1 and one or more of its components The output voltage of the bridge is changed by varying the resistance of the bridge as a function of the measured pressure. act as a differential or non-differential public air generator; or due to the impedance of multiple elements varying as a function of the measured pressure. Be able to vary the oscillation frequency of the recorded oscillation gain.

Also, said measuring means for each pressure is an input of one or more basic pickups. Amplification circuit and/or external thermal compensation of the signal (excitation signal) and/or output signal Can include circuitry.

These circuits can be integrated as a single component or can be integrated as differential amplifiers and passive It can be composed of components (resistance, capacitor).

There is also a calculation means between these circuits and the input and/or output of each pickup. one or more analog demultiplexers and/or By inserting a multiplexer, these circuits 7 can be used for other pickups. can be made common.

Said measuring means for a specific pressure may include at least one constant voltage source, said voltage source The output of the single or connected to multiple (excitation) inputs, and said voltage only is called 1 ratio meter 1. One or more analog-to-digital converters can be connected internally or externally by Partial proofreading may be required.

Ambient temperature measurement pickups include resistive temperature detectors (RTD), thermostats, It can be a thermocouple, diode, or integrated circuit.

The above-mentioned temperature measuring means can have parts in common with other σ elements of the device, and in particular The frequency pickup can be integrated into one pressure pickup or can be of the voltage-frequency type. Can be integrated into analog/digital converters.

The output signal of the degree measuring means indicates the thermal coefficient of the other measuring means and possibly also the indicating means. Be careful of the scales used to compensate.

These compensations are achieved by direct excitation of the compensation means by the output voltage of the temperature measuring means. or by the use of a differential amplifier which may or may not form part of the amplification stage. It can be implemented analogously.

These compensations can also be performed digitally, in which case the temperature measurement means are includes at least one analog-to-digital converter, the converter being a voltage/frequency type, and if an analog type multiplexer is connected to it, the temperature measurement The measuring means can share this transducer with other measuring means, and the single measuring means of this transducer can or the outputs are connected to one or more lines of the calculation means and also the said conversion The device can include a basic temperature pickup.

The display means directly or through an amplification circuit or through a calculation means can indicate the temperature. It can be sensitive to the output signal of the measuring means and can notify the user of the above-mentioned saturation value. can.

As previously mentioned, other possible variations of the device could also include means for measuring heart rate. Wear. - By way of example, this means is known to sense heartbeats and convert them into electrical pulses. It consists of a type of pulse pickup. Also, this method Measure the time interval between two electrical pulses received via the Viator's interrupt line It can be configured with a programmable timer.

A pulse shaping circuit is provided at the output of the heart rate pickup.

This circuit is, for example, a 1 Schmitt trigger 1 type flip-flop circuit. I can do things.

Preferably, the heart rate pickup is attached to the diver's wrist in a bracelet. Get kicked. A grooved shaft made of electrical wire covered with an insulator allows this pickup to be Connect to the part.

Data entry means may be used for experiments or to adapt to new diving conditions. explicitly or in the memory of the computing means, or simply due to the preference of the worker. Implicitly memorized B (≦ memory, e.g. surface pressure, tank determining pressure P) volume, the type of breathing apparatus used, the safety threshold % of the predicted pressure P when reaching the surface. Composition of the respiratory mixture as the sum of ambient pressure in some cases, biological σ) mathematical model The fundamental number of cycles (for a given fundamental cardiac extract) of the tissues that compose the system, set II. The initial pressure value of the non-compensatory gas in the weaving, the maximum permissible value of said gas pressure σ as a function of the ambient pressure. , maximum lift speed, desired depressurization mode (continuous or stepped), step depressurization Depth or ambient pressure allowed to make a step in case of pressure, heart rate/lung ventilation i ft/ambient pressure correlation coefficient, cardiac output cap/period correlation coefficient for each tissue, exceeding Diving times that must not be exceeded, depths or ambient pressure that must not be exceeded, calibration constants of the measuring means , the sensitivity and/or zero thermal coefficient of the measuring means and/or indicating means, the desired table. Display mode, optimal reading angle and/or lighting required for LCD panels You can change the degree.

The data input means are for example casings for controlling the binary state of the line of calculation means. A 1-lead type 1 or Hall effect magnetically actuated interrupter located in the encapsulated in a suitable material or distributed outside the casing, Said I! Translation and/or rotation by the user to selectively and remotely actuate the It consists of one or more magnets that can be

The data input means also prevents accidental changes to the σ constant during use or transportation of the device. may include a locking device for

For example, the calculation means consists of a microcomputer; 4.8.16.32 or 4.8.16.32 in one or more casings. or 64-bit microprocessor(s) and one or more 64-bit microprocessors; A clock signal generator and one or more live memory elements, static or dynamic. or a combination thereof, possibly programmable or non-profiled. number or more dead memory elements, optionally one or more 00 timers1 (coefficient registers), possibly single or multiple decoders, possibly singular or multiple binary signal amplifiers (1 buffer, 1 driver, 1 buffer, emitter) (transmitters, receptors, transmitters), and possibly one or more attached logic boxes. (gates, inverters, monostable circuits, multiplexers, meters, mit, flip-flop circuit)% possibly one or more passive elements ( (resistors, capacitors) in some cases profiled or non-profiled parallel (P A, PIO) or series, periodic or asynchronous type (ScI, [JART, 0 8ART, ACIA) 17J including one or more interfaces. The above unit The number or plurality of clock signal generators may be one or more clock signal generators of the aforementioned one or more σ microprocessors. The processor is configured to perform the operations of capturing, processing, and transmitting information encoded by computational means. (dead or defective memory, live-memory) li) Execute machine code instructions sequentially.

Live memory is permanent so that its contents are preserved even during periods of equipment downtime. held under permanent voltage. One or more microprocessors can be In response to energy caresses, there are various modes such as 'Activity 1', 'Sleep #5' and 'Standby 1'. You can make one.

Computation means can be hierarchical or non-hierarchical, masked or unmasked, internal and and/or external, material or logical, with one or more interrupt means. , evening/I constant means and/or display means and/or m number 1 includes a plurality of timers. and/or to the state of the data introduction means Z and/f or the electrical energy supply means. Therefore, specific algorithms can be implemented. Preferably as a data input means The unmasked interrupt means controlled by An organized process of system closure can be initiated to ensure that

If a timer is present, this works in conjunction with one or more clock signal generators. It can perform all or part of the functions of a time measuring means. singular or plural The clock signal oscillator may be a separate oscillator (crystal type, e.g. quartz type, or other an oscillator, e.g. an RLO circuit), or a separate timer It can be configured by the output of the generator of the measuring means. Plurality of needle legs 0 means g) Formation Minute connections (internal connections) and song connections with calculation means and other components of the device (external connections) ) can be programmable or non-programmable, latching or non-latching , unidirectional or bidirectional or mixed, with inhibiting means (high impedance dance state) implemented through gates and/or through interrupt lines. (e.g. for receiving frequency-type signals) and/or implemented via control lines. (select line, 'handshake single line, etc.) and/or parallel or series Be implemented via the connection interface. Some of these gates are called bus They can be interconnected by function. Input-output gates are specialized as memories I can do it or design it.

The previous calculation means the sensitivity to be measured and/or the zero calibration and/or the thermal Evaluate the signal to be measured using a comparator by performing compensation The analog signal required for the Or use the external interrupt means (a input capture side input W) combined with 1 timer 1. By counting the frequency of alternating signals, some of the functions of various measurement means can be fulfilled. can be done. For example, in the case of a liquid crystal display, the above-mentioned measuring means is based on the user's request. In order to change the reading optimum angle through data input means to satisfy or to keep this angle constant by compensating for thermal effects that affect said angle. , via a digital-to-analog converter or in conjunction with a voltage divider. The measurement means and/or can vary the excitation voltage or voltages of the display means. said calculation means The instruction sequence carried out by and alert the diver via the indicating means when a malfunction is detected.

Said means include one or more interrupters of the 'solid-state' type (e.g. , Darlington type or Moss field effect transistor) or mechanical relay (e.g. Select the supply of electrical energy for the other components of the system by means of lead type 1). By controlling the function visually or relatively, the blinking of the lamp, the warning sound, etc. etc.) and/or the output signal of the tracing means is one on-line "(the input of the calculating means)." IW] or the output signal is very slow. Two or three measurement methods can be used as a primary method when frequent sampling is not possible due to fluctuations. You can save energy by inactivating it.

A means of supplying frost energy is, for example, a cadmium-nickel rechargeable battery. It can be constructed with a non-light type single cell battery of lithium type, lithium type, or mercury type. ◎The electrical energy supply means may be housed in a separate compartment, for example. The compartment is removable from the equipment casing, and electrically connected to other compartments of the casing. be in close contact with each other while being airtightly separated.

Said electrical energy supply means are located outside the device casing in case of charging, type The analogy used is that this feeder is connected to two false non-oxidizing contacts of gold or gold plated. charging of the stages (both connections can be done by a diode or interrupter) Implemented, the contact points are connected to power in seawater or in the user's surrounding environment. If the interrupter is a reed type interrupter, the interrupter is connected to the outside of the casing. controlled by the user with a magnet or via data input means. controlled by computational means in response to ambient pressure and/or user demand. Use leh.

The compartment of the casing containing said power supply means is protected against the ingress of liquid or foreign matter σ) Equipped with a manual opening or valve to allow gas generated by the power supply means to escape while .

The device of the invention may also include means for checking the state of charge of the power supply means. this The confirmation means is a constant voltage source, and in some cases, a potential difference between the terminals of the front power supply means is applied. voltage divider and comparator, or more simply, analog-to-digital conversion. with a voltage divider connected to the auxiliary power of the analog multiplexer downstream of the It is composed of These means may be integrated in whole or in part as a single component and may be The output(s) of the confirmation means described above may be output from the gate(s) of the reward means(s) and and/or display means. 43 ways to confirm the state of charge is after the delay time has elapsed. , possibly after warning the diver via display means, the system's organizational Initiate closure and ensure the safety of live memory contents.

The indicating means may consist of a flexible means, an acoustic means, or a tactile means.

The visible means can be one or more individual light emitting diodes or linear and/or or point set and/or.

is a graph of light emitting diodes arranged on a display board in the form of a graph, reflecting, transmitting, or or transmissive-reflective, direct or multiplexed pumping, illuminated or non-illuminated type, line segment shape and/or point set shape and/or specific symbol shape and/or one One or more liquid crystal displays in the form of bar graphs, one or more plasma screens one or more cathode tubes, one or more stylus dials, one or more A number of incandescent holes, one or more flashlights, one or more electric discharge tubes or discharges Includes screened, colored or engraved instructions. These visible means are transparent to the casing. Visible to the user through a bright window or wall and provided with measuring means and/or measuring means. Any combination of the following information can be automatically or Digital or analogue, or one Bar graph “shape or binary shape (XL that lights up when a certain type of child exceeds a certain value) It can be displayed in the form of a two-state display (D). i.e. depth or ambient pressure and the overall time for each step, consisting of the pair of times and possibly the total re-ascent time. or partial decompression program, minimum depth or ambient pressure for continuous decompression, current Current dive time (time spent at ambient pressure above the surface ambient pressure), time, date, use The saturation state of the user's body and the residual amount of breathing gas and, in some cases, the user's to the current situation assessed from the request expressed via the data entry means regarding the maximum time; Possible residual dive time at the corresponding current depth or ambient pressure, reached during the current dive. Maximum depth or ambient pressure reached, current depth or ambient pressure, current rate of ascent, respiration Current residual amount of gas (pressure P or phase at a constant ambient pressure, e.g. at the surface) body spirit), residual respiratory gas at the end of re-ascension specified by the device, user's le b Ventilation plate, oxygen consumption lid, heart pumping lid 1 ambient temperature, data input means depending on the user All information registered via ′ maximum allowable depth (as determined by the user) Has it exceeded? 1 and when the answer to the question, “maximum (as determined by the user) Have you exceeded your diving time? The answer to the question 1, the reproduction specified by the 1 device. Will the maximum dive time be exceeded during the ascent deadline? Answer to question 1 , 1.Does the residual sound of the breathing gas allow re-ascension according to the instructions of the device? 1 (to the user (taking into account the safety threshold determined accordingly) Has the allowable re-ascension speed been exceeded? The answer to the question 1, 1 current depth is the first division Is it less than or equal to the pressure step depth? The answer to question 9, “The current depth is Is it less than the minimum allowable depth for continuous depressurization? The answer to the question ``Power supply means The answer to the question of whether the charging status of the 7-layer battery is satisfactory.

The acoustic means include one or more electro-acoustic transducers adapted to the surrounding environment; Also includes a warpage generating circuit and a radio wave amplifier. These transducers are electromagnetic or or piezoelectric type, monophonic type or polyphonic type, quantitatively (signs suitable for binary information) alarms and differential or non-differential signals corresponding to the transmitted information) or calculation means? language synthesis, if it is connected to one or more language synthesis circuits that receive instructions from Qualitatively, information can be given to the user, and the information is transmitted by the acoustic means. The information arrived at may be any combination of the information mentioned above for said visibility means. Can be done.

The haptic means consist of mechanical attachments moved by electromagnets or motors. child These accessories do not come into contact with any part of the user's body or are in constant contact with the user's skin. These 'rjL poles produce a light discharge.

If said tactile means are used, this conveys important information to the user. In case K (possible first, see list on means), ambient noise that disables the sound means Even in a sound state, the user's attention can be directed to the visible means.

The invention also provides a device according to the invention and a pressurized gas which may or may not be carried by the diver. tank, one or more pressure regulators, a breathing sack with optional valves, two breathing apparatus consisting of a carbon oxide gas absorption cylinder and an automatic oxygen metering device; Therefore, a watertight lamp, possibly a direction indicator (compass, angle meter), and a diving Mask or helmet and possibly means of propulsion (water hook, underwater scooter) , Case C is cold protection means (combined with or without heating means), Case Divers with or without an inflation gas tank separate from breathing gas and means for adjusting the floatability of its equipment (resurfacing buoys, ballasts or watertight combinations) a submersible assembly including a depressurization turret, caisson or chamber; It's about the body.

The submersible assembly is configured to control the expansion energy of the breathing gas and/or the buoyancy adjustment means. Extracts expansion energy and keeps the submersible assembly's power means in a satisfactory state of charge during the dive. The turbine generator, which is combined with a pressure regulator to maintain motor or rectified synchronous generator).

Furthermore, the device according to the present invention can be attached to a diving helmet, and can also be used for close-up visual inspection. , and in some cases lenses and lenses to allow visual vision superimposed on normal vision. and/or mirrors and/or prisms and/or lumets in the gas volume. It can include conventional acoustic display means (speakers, receivers) that move Microphone or remote control connected to the computing means via the intelligence module There is a fang containing a voice-type data input means consisting of a device. Also, this diving assembly is 1 binary, or digitally via state 1 type relays or interrupters. - proportionally controlled by one means through an analogue converter and an intensifier; Can contain two electric valves, one of which can be fitted with a watertight vest or combination one controls the introduction of the expanding gas into the environment, and the other controls the escape of this gas into the surrounding environment. control, and the front stroke sigma valve is controlled by the clear air, ambient pressure, and in some cases its time derivatives. (as a function of the output signals at fixed time intervals of the time measuring means and the ambient pressure measuring means) (easily calculated by the user), and in some cases by the user via data entry means. Pre-registered information @ (diver's weight, volume, resistance coefficient to underwater transport, etc.) (e.g. the compression coefficient of the combination and the volume at the surface) and in some cases As a function of the current decompression program, calculation means allow the diver to reach a predetermined depth ( (at the request of the diver via data input means) or stabilized at any depth; Also, in the case of detection of emergency situations (e.g. death due to respiratory arrest, zero lung ventilation, abnormal Abnormally high ambient conditions, such as those caused by long underwater stays or anesthesia by the diver. pressure)% 'Emergency 1 re-ascent or controlled speed re-ascent (depending on the ground, the diver After issuing a warning through the display means, the procedure through the data input means is omitted. (gives the diver the option to simply turn off the IKfi valve) or (input Data means? (by the diver's request via) continuous re-ascent or equipment regulation σ It is possible to carry out re-ascension by no step.

The calculation means of said device according to the invention are of a depressurizing turret or caisson or chamber. By controlling the electric valve for depressurization and, in some cases, the electric valve for compression, the above σ Operations involving depressurization and possibly compression of turrets or caissons or chambers. Can be automated.

It is particularly suitable for use by underwater divers and has the advantages of being economical, versatile and relatively simple. Among the combinations of embodiments of the main components of each device u, the preferred combinations are as follows: As written.

Ambient pressure and tank pressure have a constant pressure range of 6+11 which is compatible with each probe. 1 Wheatstone bridge type 1, 2 integrated (single-semi-solid board) P, counter pressure In both cases, non-acid through a non-corrosive - non-corrosive membrane and a non-compressible - non-corrosive - non-conductive intervening liquid; In the case of and transmitted.

These two bridges are connected to the constant voltage of a single voltage-to-frequency converter (#ratio meter 1 function). Excited by a constant voltage obtained by amplifying the pressure output, the I? l+ 11 constant voltage 1 person constant voltage 1 level The output signal of the bridge described above and the one temperature one output provided in the converter are multiplexed. Kusa is input.

8-bit CMO8 microcomputer (microprocessor, Dead memory, live memory, delay device or 16-bit timer, 29 car outputs line of force) is the multiplex of the analog signal to be measured by the two car output lines. The lexer control Z is configured to receive the output frequency of the converter on its "measurement frequency line". . These means therefore constantly acknowledge uncalibrated values of ambient pressure, tank pressure, and temperature. Understand, calibrate these, and be able to add thermal compensation to this for pressure. Proofreading The constant and thermal compensation constant are used to control the state of the human power-output line of the micro combinator. The live memory of the microcomputer is will be introduced into the. This operation does not need to be repeated every time the equipment is operated, but only at annual intervals. This can be carried out when deterioration in device accuracy is verified. or when the device is stopped Once a pre-discharge condition of the main battery is detected by a suitable device, the microcomputer computer in one standby and one mode (consumption of several microamps, live memory) By automatically switching to the main battery storage), it can also be switched to standby mode when the main battery is depleted. The microcomputer in the sigma mode and its accessories required in the sigma mode. 2-backup 1-battery with low self-dissipation loss to sustain power supply for the device for several months (Cadmium-nickel, 1 square plate 1, 3 x 1.2 V, 0.IA h), the constants stored in live memory are effectively Even when stopped, the main battery (cadmium = ykel, 'sintered battery', 5 x 1.2 Survives even when completely discharged (V, Q, 5Ah). Remaining time i.e. main battery As long as the main battery is charged, the 1 battery is 0.2 The charged state is maintained by one trickle charge t1 of 5 mA. In addition, this device a second detector of the battery charge level, this second detector being similar to the first detector; from the potential divider and the threshold detection gain, if the above charge level is only functional for a few hours. Microcomputer input-output so that the user knows when it is not allowed. Causes the line to change state.

Such a mechanism has many advantages.

a) For this function, it is recommended to use an uncalibrated - non-thermally compensated pressure backup. and at a low price.

b) without complicated operation of potentiometers and other variable elements, and also in the casing of the device Simply load the device display under known pressure and temperature without opening the Calibration can be carried out by simply introducing a constant that can be easily calculated from the above known violet. I can do things.

C) Accurate calibration/compensation can be performed downstream of all analog circuits .

d) It is possible to perform recalibration as many times as necessary. In some cases, the user himself/herself may perform the can be administered.

θ) Can display water temperature for divers.

f) It is possible to input other σ constants such as surface pressure, composition of breathing mixture, etc. These constants are preserved even when the device is shut down or discharged.

Charging of the main battery is accomplished simply by two bare oxidizing contacts coming out of the casing. The discharge of the battery through this same route is done through the intervention of a diode. Prevented. This diode can be single-circuited by an externally controlled connector lead. In case of an emergency, disconnect these external contacts to completely quickly discharge the main battery. can be carried out. This will then run for 15 minutes at 2A with battery risk. This is a necessary condition to perform complete rapid charging. Upstream of this diode, In other words, between the diode and the external positive contact, the second diode It is connected to the positive terminal of the battery through a resistor, and causes a 1m5 induction of charging. In this case, ``backup 1 battery cannot guarantee trickle photoelectric 1 current.'' This allows for relatively rapid recharging of this battery when used for extended periods of time.

The maximum permanent charging current for the assembly is 53 mA.

There are two types of display means: visual and acoustic.

The visual means is a transflective module with 32 letters of the multiplexer alphabet. Yale-screen LCD (separately illuminated from front and rear) and adjustment of liquid crystal excitation voltage Analog type multiplier that allows you to adjust the optimal screen readout angle by adjusting the A resistor stage connected to the lexer, an electroluminescent panel below the screen, and this panel and a pulse generator for powering the circuit. A total of n one means has 15 inputs. The output line controls the visual means. The 11 lines are used to transmit data. , three are used to control multiplexer 8-1, and one is connected via Darlington. used in pulse generators of electroluminescent panels controlled by

The sound spider type display means is connected to one frequency output line of the programmable timer via an amplifier. It consists of connected piezoelectric transducers.

In conclusion, existing and known devices and methods Q) ~ (at least aQ , b and 0 for all conventional devices), the above depressurization program The advantages of the apparatus of the above-described embodiment using the calculation method are listed below.

a) Improved accuracy in determining user saturation. Suitable for actual saturation of group starvation, according to setting of depressurization programs that are more flexible than those prescribed by existing equipment and methods. becomes possible.

b) This improvement in mV is often substantially less than with other methods. Lead to a short decompression program.

C) As a result of the time savings mentioned in MT section (1)), certain tasks can be performed at lower cost. This will result in significant cost savings for high-pressure work companies.

d) The device measures and displays dive time, ambient pressure, cylinder pressure and ambient temperature.

e) The device determines the moment at which decompression begins in response to residual breathing gas. Responsible for all plans related to decompression for users.

f) The decompression program is progressive. In other words, even during depressurization, the The program to be executed must be adapted to the conditions under which decompression was actually carried out up to that moment. It will be done. Such suitability is suitable for intermediate pressures or intermediate depths in case of large decompression stress fractures. This extends to the implementation of the treatment rules, which is not problematic from a logical point of view.

g) Because of the display means directed to the diver's multiple senses.

Improvements in equipment communications to divers. No matter what the surrounding brightness is, use visible means. Be able to read well. Due to the flexibility of screen display, exposure and depressurization In addition to displaying the usual numeric parameters, there is also an alphabetic numeric display accompanied by an acoustic signal. It is possible to display emergency messages such as death notices, warnings, and calls.

h) Calibration flexibility, thermal compensation, adaptation to new diving conditions (?: surface pressure, breathing mixture) composition of objects) and the possibility of personalization of the device through data input means (pulmonary ventilation 7/heartbeat output/constants determining pressure correlation, control voltage, etc.).

1) Because this device uses a calculation method that takes into account the work actually carried out on the seabed, it is suitable for professional use. Suitable for both target and research divers.

j) Due to the external charging means of the battery, the casing must be sealed in an inert gas at the factory. As a result, the technical reliability of the coloring and the long service life can be obtained.

k) Because of the low electricity consumption, the device can be operated continuously on its energy stock for several days. It is possible to calculate the unsaturation of the structure during the % surface spacing.

1) The user can be warned several hours before the main battery is completely discharged.

m) backup battery (equipment) that guarantees preservation of calculation constants in all environments; unless the battery has been left unused for several months without being recharged. If σ) then reinitialize the constant Status settings are required. Such conditions are not detected by the device anyway. signaled to the user).

n) At the option of the user and due to the exigencies of the situation.

Infinite relight 1ll (after 10 hours, the main battery will be fully recharged, but the charging time will be unlimited battery length does not put the battery at risk) or fast recharge (15 minutes, pre-load) discharge is required and this is made possible by an interrupter that bypasses the charging diode. Become. (Long charging time may damage the battery.) Relatively simple automatic installation It is possible to perform safe battery constant current charging in either of these two modes depending on the location. (by creating a magnetic field along the leads with a current-carrying coil) remote control of bypass lead interrupters and rectification-threshold detection devices. (including when discharging prior to rapid charging). Such fast charging σ adjustment time is Implemented by a simple timer. This type of automatic charging device connects the power line to Alternatively, it can be configured to run from a 12 or 24V car battery. Ru.

The present invention is not limited to the above explanation, but may be applied within the scope of the spirit of section 7a. You can make any changes.

Engraving (no changes to the content) Procedures Nei City Main Place) (Method) /-L:Lr 1985

Claims (18)

[Claims] (1) In the real-time determination method for decompression programs for divers or high-pressure workers: - measuring time and ambient pressure as basic parameters during the exposure; - During the exposure, always measure and/or measure at least one of the following auxiliary motion parameters: 1) continuous infusion of one or more tissues; 2) cardiac output; 3) pulmonary ventilation, 4) Oxygen consumption, 5) Heart rate, - measuring the ambient temperature at all times during the exposure; and - determining the diver's temperature from these parameters. The method is characterized by including a step of calculating the saturation state and inducing an appropriate depressurization program. How to do it. (2) Step of measuring diving time and ambient pressure, and determining the maximum diving depth. storing the large ambient pressure and one of said exercise parameters 1 to 5 (e.g. pulmonary ventilation); a maximum value of said motion parameter and an ambient temperature; a step of memorizing the lowest value and, as a function of the latter two parameters, e.g. does not exceed 40 liters/min and the ambient temperature does not drop below 10℃, for example. If so, select the first pre-registered pressure relief table, for example the Gers table, or select the second pre-registered pressure relief table. The step of selecting a memorized decompression table, e.g. that of the French Ministry of Labor, and the Indicates data from the selected depressurization table above regarding water time and maximum depth reached. The method of reducing saturation of a diver according to claim 1, characterized in that How to calculate and derive a suitable decompression program. (3) a) time, ambient pressure, and any one of the exercise parameters (e.g. pulmonary ventilation); a step of constantly measuring air flow rate) and ambient temperature; b) Next, contained in one or more theoretical organizations forming a mathematical model of the diver's organism. The above calculation is based on the real-time gas exchange rate of the theoretical tissue. Calculated by integration, the gas exchange rate is defined by the following formula: dqi/dt=ki. Δi Here, qi is the amount of gas present in the corresponding tissue, and here, Δi is qi<(p +ki) then equals (gp-qi), and vice versa if (gp-(p +ki)), where g is the mole fraction of neutral gas in the inspired air mixture and p is the ambient and where ki > 0 is an experimentally determined constant of the bubbles in the tissue. The formation threshold can be expressed and where the tissue index coefficient ki > 0 is the measured luck the sign of the dynamic parameters, e.g. VE (lung ventilation value), T (ambient temperature) and Δi; obtained from - If Δi>0, use the following function of cardiac output to calculate ▲ mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼, its simplest non-trivial form is: ▲mathematical formula, chemical formula, table, etc.▼, o In this formula, ▲ includes mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼ represents the measured exercise parameter. This is the upper limit on cardiac output that takes into account the meter, ambient pressure, and composition of the respiratory mixture. The upper limit of is determined from pre-stored physiological experimental data, and in this equation, The coefficient αi,j is a constant determined by experiment, If −Δi<0, then m ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼, whose simplest non-trivial form is: ▲mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, etc. There are academic formulas, tables, etc.▼ Here, βi,m is a constant determined by experiment, c) inducing an appropriate decompression program from these data by any of the existing methods; A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of guiding. (4) Cardiac output (or oxygen consumption) is ambient pressure, time, breathing mixture tank pressure (or from successive measurements of oxygen pressure) and, in some cases, ambient temperature and the relevant tank volume. From the preregistered value of the product, it can be determined using the well-known gas expansion law as shown below. Ru. x=-V/p・dP/dt where x is the parameter to be determined, V is the volume of the tank in question, p is the ambient pressure, dP is the fluctuation value of the corresponding tank pressure between two successive measurements; Claim 1, characterized in that dt is the time interval between two successive measurements; The method according to either paragraph 2 or 3. (5) The current pressure and the value of the breathing gas pressure (or oxygen gas pressure) when it reaches the surface. From the pressure reduction program, apply the following formula to predict, ▲Contains mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ Here, Ps is the predicted value of P when reaching the surface, Po is the current value of P, xo is the value of lung ventilation (or oxygen consumption) considered to be constant during decompression; V is the volume of the relevant tank, The symbol "prog" below the integral sign indicates that the integral is the ambient pressure of the depressurization program. /time profile ~The method according to any of paragraph 4. (6) Use a hypothetical residual residence time at the current depth prior to re-ascent; The new saturation state and the new depressurization program are similar for the actual residence time. Through calculations and repeated tests, the available breathing gases can be determined. It is possible to predict the maximum possible residence time at the current depth by taking into account the remaining amount of A method according to claim 5, characterized in that: (7) Optimal depressurization program by the method defined in claims 1 to 6. In automatic equipment that determines and displays the a) at least one time measuring means for generating a signal representative of said time; b) at least one ambient pressure measuring means for generating a signal representing a value of ambient pressure; c) measuring at least one of the following parameters and expressing the value of these parameters: at least one measurement means for generating a signal; continuous infusion of one or more tissues; cardiac output, lung ventilation, oxygen consumption, Heart rate, Ambient temperature, d) receiving the output signal of the measuring means; - From said signals, the saturation state of the diver is determined according to a program pre-registered in memory. Calculate, − Determine the optimal depressurization program and generate an output signal representing this depressurization program automatic calculation means with memory to e) display means for receiving the output signal of the calculation means and/or the output signal of the measurement means; , f) in particular the selection of the diving table or tables to be used and/or the breathing Input of gas cylinder volume and/or calculation method of depressurization program to be used and data introduction means for making selection possible. (8) The measurement means are a big-up device that generates an analog electrical signal, and an analog Analog that receives a log electrical signal and converts it into a digital signal in the form of a binary code /digital converter, whereas the calculating means consists of a microphone containing said memory. 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that it consists of a computer. (9) The means for measuring pulmonary ventilation and oxygen consumption is connected to the cylinder by a flexible tube. cylinder pressure jump-up, analog/digital converter, and programmable tie. from the analog-to-digital converter during the time determined by this timer. Lung ventilation is calculated by sequentially receiving gas pressure values in the cylinder and calculating the rate of decrease in pressure in the cylinder. A microcomputer that calculates air volume or oxygen consumption. Apparatus according to claim 7. (10) Microcomputer memory is based on the GERS table, the French Ministry of Labor table, or other table representative data. equipment. (11) The memory of the microcomputer installed in the device exists in the theoretical organization. A claim characterized in that it includes data of a real-time calculation program for the amount of neutral gas. Equipment according to scope 7. (12) Maximum values of exercise parameters, such as maximum lung ventilation and minimum ambient temperature. value, the maximum ambient pressure value experienced by the diver, and the dive time value. The calculating means determines the maximum diving depth according to the maximum ambient pressure value and then calculates the maximum diving depth in the register. GERS table as a function of minimum ambient temperature value and maximum motion parameter value written in Claim 7, characterized in that it selects either the table or the French Ministry of Labor table. Apparatus according to any of clauses 1 to 10. (13) comprising ambient temperature measuring means, the output signal of said means being In some cases, it may be used to compensate for the thermal coefficient of the display means; Analogously, the means to be compensated are excited directly by the output voltage of said temperature measuring means. or by using an operational amplifier that may or may not form part of the amplifier stage. or digitally, in which case the temperature measurement means are at least also includes one analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog Voltage-frequency type where the temperature measurement means is shared with other measurement means if the The output(s) of said converter may be the output(s) of said converter(s) of said converter(s) connected to the number wire, the converter can further include a basic temperature jump-up. In addition, the display means may output the output signal of the temperature measurement means through an amplifier circuit or calculation means. Claims characterized in that the temperature value is directly read out and the user is notified of the temperature value. Apparatus according to paragraph 9. (14) comprising an ambient temperature measuring means with at least one temperature jump-up; The temperature jump-up can be combined with a pressure jump-up or analog/digital 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that it is integrated into a transducer. (15) including a casing housing a power supply means, in particular consisting of a rechargeable battery; The power supply means is arranged in a removable compartment separate from the casing and is connected to the battery. Electrical to two non-oxidizing contacts placed on the outside of the casing for recharging. are connected, and current flows from one contact to the other through the seawater. To prevent the battery from discharging, at least one connection should be connected with a diode or 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the device is secured via a connector. (16) The casing includes a compartment for storing a battery, and the compartment includes a battery. characterized by being equipped with a manual opening or valve for removing the gas released by Apparatus according to claim 15. (17) comprising display means, said means being visual means and/or acoustic means and/or 8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that it is a tactile means or a tactile means. (18) Confirmation/indication device according to any of the preceding paragraphs and compressed gas not carried by the diver. tank, one or more pressure regulators, a breathing sack with optional valves, two breathing apparatus consisting of a carbon oxide gas absorption cylinder and an automatic oxygen metering device; Therefore, a watertight lamp, possibly a direction indicator (compass, angle meter), and a diving Mask or helmet and possibly means of propulsion (webbed, underwater scooter) and, as the case may be, cooling means (in combination with or without heating means), and, as the case may be, Divers with or without an inflation gas tank separate from breathing gas and its equipment's floatability adjustment means (re-ascent puy, ballast or watertight combination) a submersible assembly including a depressurization turret, caisson or chamber; In the body, this diving assembly absorbs the expansion energy of the breathing gas and/or the floating Extracts the expansion energy of the sex conditioning means and satisfies the power means of the submersible assembly during the dive. a turbine-generator assembly (combined with a pressure regulator to maintain a state of charge); dynamo or rectified synchronous generator), and the confirmation and display device is a diving helper. Can be attached to a meter, and can also be used for close-up vision, and in some cases superimposed on normal vision. lenses and/or mirrors and/or prisms to enable blurred viewing. and/or a visual indicator consisting of a semi-reflective plate and a corrective optical assembly. and said device includes conventional acoustic indicating means operating in the gas volume of the helmet. (speakers, receivers) and can also be calculated via language recognition module. data in the form of voice consisting of a microphone or throatpiece connected to a means The submersible assembly may also include a "solid state" type relay. – or binary via an interrupter, or with a digital-to-analog converter and amplifier. can include two electric valves which are proportionally controlled by calculation means through the one side controls the delivery of inflation gas into a watertight vest or combination and the other controls the escape of this gas into the surrounding environment, and said electric valve also controls the time , the ambient pressure and possibly its time derivative (of the time measuring means and the ambient pressure measuring means) easily calculated as a function of the output signal over a fixed time interval), possibly is the information registered in advance by the user through the data input means (the weight of the diver, volume, coefficient of resistance to underwater motion, coefficient of compression of their combination and surface (e.g. volume at) and possibly as a function of the current decompression program. Calculation means guide the diver to a predetermined depth (according to the diver's requirements via data input means). upon request) or at any depth, and in case of emergency detection (e.g. Drowning due to respiratory arrest, zero lung ventilation, abnormally long time spent underwater, or the diver's death. (abnormally high ambient pressure resulting in anesthesia), “emergency” re-ascension or controlled speed re-ascension. perform the ascent (possibly after warning the diver via display means) option to bypass the procedure via data input means or simply turn off the electric valve. (to the diver) or (at the diver's request via input data means) Continuous re-ascension or re-ascension by prescribed steps of the device can be carried out, Further, the calculation means of the device according to the invention may be a depressurizing turret or a caisson or By controlling the electric valve for chamber depressurization and, in some cases, the electric valve for compression, operations relating to the depressurization and, where appropriate, compression of the turrets or caissons or chambers mentioned above; A diving assembly characterized by automating.