JPS6245030B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cutting nozzle for a cutting device that uses gas and an energy beam such as charged particles or a laser.

Hereinafter, a conventional cutting device using an electron beam in the atmosphere will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, 1 is an electron beam, 2 is a processing head, 3 is an electromagnetic lens attached to the processing head 2, 4 is a gas inlet provided in the processing head 2,
5 is a cutting nozzle attached to the tip of the processing head 2; 6 is a nozzle opening surface at the tip of the cutting nozzle 5; 7
is an auxiliary gas ejected from the nozzle opening surface 6, and 8 is the material to be cut. Also, Figure 2 a and b are the first
In the plan view and side view of the cutting nozzle 5 in the figure, 1
9 indicates the center of the circular nozzle opening surface 6. Figures 3a and 3b are cross-sectional views along the cutting line and cross-sectional views perpendicular to the cutting line, showing the outline of the state of cutting using the cutting device shown in Figures 1 and 2 a and b. be. In FIGS. 3a and 3b, reference numeral 9 indicates the direction in which the cutting progresses, 10 indicates the cutting progress plane indicating the boundary between the uncut part and the already cut part, and 11 indicates the cutting slag or dross attached to both edges of the back surface of the material 8 to be cut. , 12 indicates a cut surface.

Generally, cutting with an electron beam in the atmosphere is
It is carried out in the following manner. That is, the processing head 2, the electromagnetic lens 3, and the cutting nozzle are arranged so that the electron beam 1 is concentrated on the surface of the material 8 to be cut, and the axis of the electron beam 1 is aligned with the center 19 of the circular nozzle opening surface 6. Adjust 5. Thereafter, at the same time as the material to be cut 8 is irradiated with the electron beam 1, an auxiliary gas 7 such as oxygen is introduced from the gas inlet 4 and ejected from the nozzle opening surface 6, thereby moving the material to be cut 8 or the processing head 2. This allows electron beam cutting to be achieved in the atmosphere. Here, auxiliary gas 7
serves to perform an oxidative exothermic reaction with the material to be cut 8 on the cutting surface 10 and to remove dross 11 adhering to the lower side edge of the cutting surface 12.

In the conventional atmospheric electron beam cutting device as described above, the center 19 of the circular nozzle opening surface 6 was set to coincide with the axis of the electron beam 1, so that As shown, the material to be cut 8
Dross 11 tends to adhere to both side edges of the cut surface 12 on the back side, and the quality of the cut surface is easily influenced by the pressure of the auxiliary gas 7. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
2 have almost the same quality, so if one side of the material to be cut 8 becomes unnecessary scrap material, the unnecessary side will be of excessive quality, or both sides will be of inferior quality due to variations in cutting conditions. Either
A drawback is that it is impossible to always maintain good quality only on the necessary material side even if the cutting conditions change.

This invention was made in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional ones as described above, and by making the nozzle opening surface a line-symmetrical non-circular shape, it is possible to maintain a good cutting surface even when the pressure of the auxiliary gas fluctuates. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting nozzle which is capable of achieving good quality on only one side of the cut surface of a material to be cut, if necessary.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 4a and 4b are a plan view and a side view of the cutting nozzle, and in these figures, 13 is a cutting nozzle, and at least the nozzle opening surface 14 at the tip of the cutting nozzle 13 has an elliptical cross section. is formed. 20 is the center (centroid) where the long and short axes of symmetry of the nozzle opening surface 14 intersect.
FIG. 5 is a view of the opening of the cutting nozzle viewed from the axial direction of the electron beam.
Reference numerals 7 and 18 are arrows indicating the direction of cutting progress, and the optical axis of the electron beam is on the axis of symmetry of the nozzle opening surface 14 and is offset from the center 20 of this axis of symmetry.

Figures 6a and 6b show the oval nozzle opening surface 14.
FIG. 6a is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which electron beam cutting is performed in the atmosphere using a cutting nozzle 13 having a cutting nozzle 13, in which FIG.
This is the case in the cutting progress direction 18 in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6a, in the case of the cutting direction 16 in FIG. When the cutting direction is shifted further forward in the cutting progress direction, the maximum pressure point of the auxiliary gas 7 surrounding the electron beam 1 is located behind the optical axis of the electron beam 1, and the lower part of the cutting progress surface 10 is also displaced by the electron beam. 1, the auxiliary gas is efficiently supplied to the cutting surface.
Therefore, compared to the above-mentioned conventional case in which the optical axis of the electron beam and the central axis of the nozzle opening surface of the cutting nozzle are coaxial, the dross 11 is less likely to adhere to the back surface of the material to be cut 8, and the quality of the cut surface is improved. improves.

As shown in FIG. 6b, in the case of the cutting progress direction 18 in FIG. If the center 20 of the axis of symmetry is shifted to the right in the direction of cutting progress, a velocity gradient of the auxiliary gas 7 will occur on the left and right sides of the cutting surface 12.
The gas velocity is higher on the right side of the cut surface than on the left side of the cut surface, and on the back side of the material to be cut 8, a leftward force is applied near the cut portion, so the dross on the right side of the cut surface moves to the left, and the right side of the cut surface 12 Almost no dross adheres to the side edges of , resulting in clean and good quality, and dross 11 adheres only to the back side edge of the left cut surface. Note that what has been described above with respect to FIG. 6b is the case of the cutting progress direction 18 in FIG.
In the case of the cutting direction 17 in FIG. 5, contrary to the above, the cut surface on the left side has almost no dross and is of good quality.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, the case where the nozzle opening surface of the cutting nozzle is elliptical has been described, but the present invention is applicable to a case where the nozzle opening surface of the cutting nozzle has a polygonal, droplet-shaped, sector-shaped, or other line-symmetrical non-circular shape. However, it has substantially the same effect. Furthermore, although the above-mentioned embodiments have been described using electron beam cutting in the atmosphere as an example, the present invention can produce similar effects when cutting with other energy beams such as plasma or laser.

As explained above, according to this invention, the shape of the nozzle opening surface is line-symmetrical and non-circular, so it is possible to reduce the adhesion of dross, and even when cutting under poor conditions, only one side of the cut surface has good quality. This has the advantage of being able to provide a cutting nozzle that can

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a side sectional view showing an example of a conventional cutting device using an electron beam in the atmosphere, Figs. 2 a and b are plan and side views of a conventional cutting nozzle, and Figs. 3 a and b. 4A and 4B are a cross-sectional view in a direction along a cutting line and a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the cutting line showing a state of cutting by a conventional device, and FIGS. 4a and 4b are plane views showing a cutting nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a plan view of a nozzle opening according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. They are a cross-sectional view in a direction along the line and a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the cutting line. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Electron beam, 7... Auxiliary gas, 8... Material to be cut, 13... Cutting nozzle, 14... Nozzle opening surface,
20... Center of symmetry axis. Note that the same reference numerals in the figures indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A cutting nozzle for a cutting device that uses gas and an energy beam such as a charged particle or laser, which has a line-symmetrical non-circular shape that irradiates the energy beam and spouts out the gas. A cutting nozzle having a nozzle opening surface, wherein the optical axis of the energy beam is located within the nozzle opening surface on an axis of symmetry thereof, and is offset from the center of the axis of symmetry. 2. The cutting nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle opening surface is arranged so that its axis of symmetry coincides with the cutting line. 3. The cutting nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle opening surface has a line-symmetrical shape with two axes of symmetry, a long axis and a short axis. 4. The cutting nozzle according to claim 3, wherein the nozzle opening surface is elliptical. 5. Claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that the optical axis of the energy beam is deviated forward in the cutting progress direction from the center of the axis of symmetry of the nozzle opening surface. The cutting nozzle described in . 6. The nozzle opening surface is arranged with its axis of symmetry aligned with a line perpendicular to the cutting line, and the optical axis of the energy beam is offset to one side of the center of the symmetry axis of the nozzle opening surface. A cutting nozzle according to claim 1, 3, or 4.