JPS6237423A - Concrete molded block for protective wall - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to backfilling, which is inclined with respect to the vertical, forms a layer, and is engaged with the backfill in the north upper plane by means of a first convex portion and a fourth portion located under the L. This invention relates to a concrete molded block for making a retaining wall, consisting of a molded block I-cock. The invention also relates to retaining walls of such molded blocks.

The object of the invention is to further develop and technically and aesthetically improve the molded blocks described above and the retaining walls made from them. In particular, a higher design height of the retaining wall is possible with molded blocks of the same size and with the same technical +Ki requirements.

To achieve this objective, the molded block according to the invention is characterized in that its upper and lower surfaces have at least two seating surfaces that are stepped, offset relative to each other, and extend parallel to each other.

The offset thus created of the seating surfaces on the upper and lower surfaces is such that the atmosphere-side seating surface is at a lower level than the earth-side seating surface.

The relatively offset seating surfaces are interconnected by an inclined or inclined stop surface toward the atmosphere.

With this shape of the molded block, a remarkable increase in the statically effective seating area is achieved, which is maintained even when the molded block is subjected to small relative displacements. Such small relative displacements are often unavoidable in practice when assembling molded blocks, ie establishing retaining walls.

Because the seating surfaces extend directly to the front and rear surfaces of the molded block, the stationary active surface of the molded block is slightly shorter than the length of the molded block (transverse dimension relative to the longitudinal extension of the support wall). A seating width is generated.

The stationary axis of the molded block or of the support wall made therefrom traces back to the center of the seating width. According to the invention, the seating surface of the molded block is arranged at an oblique angle to the stationary axis, with an obtuse angle formed toward the earth and an acute angle formed toward the atmosphere with respect to the stationary axis.

It is particularly advantageous that in the molded block three or more parallel seating surfaces are formed on the upper side and therefore on the lower side, the ground-side seating surface extending at a higher level than the central seating surface, which also It extends at a higher level than the atmosphere-side seating surface, and further, the earth-side and atmosphere-side seating surfaces are approximately the same size, with the center seating surface being significantly larger than the earth-side and atmosphere-side seating surfaces. The three (or more) seating surfaces are thus adjacent to each other in a cascade z', rising from one atmosphere side to the earth side, due to the arrangement of the inclined stop surfaces between adjacent seating surfaces.

The molded blocks of the above embodiments provide numerous shape possibilities for the (gravity) retaining wall. The molded blocks can be assembled in layers on top of each other in a laterally inverted manner with respect to the earth side and the atmosphere side. However, it is particularly advantageous to form a retaining wall with stepped width or depth by arranging two or more molded blocks transversely adjacent to the longitudinal extension of the retaining wall. The lower wall foundation, which is stepped in cross-section, therefore forms a significant increase in the design height or load capacity of the retaining wall. , in the transition area from one stepped section of the retaining wall to another,
Molding blocks that are close in height are offset relative to each other and alternately positively engage (lock) each other.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the molded block is provided with a lower head part adjacent to the support part formed by the seating surface on the earth side and on the atmosphere side, for better sound absorption or for locking to the earth. in a corresponding way (separately)
It is formed.

Further details of the molded block and of the retaining wall according to the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

The exemplary embodiment of the illustrated molded block is a retaining wall, i.e.
Used to create a dry gravity retaining wall 20 with backfill 2X on the sides. *The wall 20 is arranged in a plane that slopes towards the backfill 21. The angle of the retaining wall 20 with respect to the horizontal is 60
Preferably it is between ＠ and 70″.

The exemplary embodiment of molded block 22 shown defines an upper surface 23, a lower surface 24, a front surface 25 facing the atmosphere, and a rear surface 26 facing backfill 21. In all illustrated embodiments, the upper surface 23 and the lower surface 24 are formed to correspond to each other in such a way that a compatible, positive stacking of the molded blocks 22 within the retaining wall 20 is guaranteed.

To achieve the best static relationship, the top surface 23 and the bottom surface 2
4 consists of at least two seating surfaces 27 and 2 extending in relatively vertically displaced planes and always extending relatively parallel. The seating surface 2B facing the atmosphere side is installed horizontally in the molded block 11. - in this case inclined stop J with respect to the seating surface 27 on one ground side (1j)
The formation of the step 29 with two faces 30 allows it to step downwardly. It is arranged so that it slopes towards the side.

Correspondingly, a ground-side seating surface 31 and an atmosphere-side seating surface 32 are formed on the lower surface 24, and are also parallel to each other and an upper seating surface 27 and a lower seating surface 28.
aligned parallel to . Seating surface 32 on the atmosphere side for positive mutual engagement with the adjacent lower molded block
are offset downwardly in the same way 2 by the formation of a step 33 formed by an inclined stop F, a surface 34, a step with stop surfaces on the upper surface 23 and the lower surface 24, so that they are adapted to each other. Convexities and concavities, which are made to be similar, appear in the area of the overlapping surfaces of the molded block 22 and lock transmissively in an autoproportional manner.

If the forming blocks 22 are stacked properly,
The seating surfaces 27 and 28 and the stop J1 to surface 30 are the positioned seating surfaces 31 and 32 of adjacent molded blocks.
and is seated in full contact with the stop surface 34. In this way, the effect is statically produced that the seating width corresponds to the sum of the seating area and the stopping area (see for example FIG. 6).

The seating width is determined for the load capacity or allowable design height of the retaining wall 20. The stationary axis 37 of the molded block or retaining wall extends at the center of the seating width.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the forming block 22 is arranged such that the stationary axis 37 is aligned at an oblique angle to the four seating surfaces 27 and 31 below L, so that the acute angle of the upper surface of the forming block 22 is in the atmosphere. It is placed facing to the side. The barrier 20 has a stationary axis 37 at an angle of 60″ to 60″ when it faces the backfill 21.
70' (preferably arranged diagonally).

This word seating surfaces 27 and 28 and 31 and 3
2 always extends obliquely to the backfill 21, while the stop surfaces 30 and 34 also extend obliquely toward the atmosphere.

The surfaces therefore have a self-commonizing effect on the molded blocks 22 arranged in a stack.

The seating width l) of the shaped block 22 or of the retaining wall 20 as a whole is of particular static importance. , the resultant force R resulting from the essential weight of the retaining wall 20 and the soil as a result of backfilling is the core cross section 38 of the retaining wall 20 and 3() due to static specifications.
Inside, and in fact, in some cases, the downwardly molded blower 22
Must be unreachable within the area. This statically relevant core section 3B and 39 is 1/6 of the seating width. At the center, that is, with equal size, the stationary shaft 37
extend on both sides. Compatible with large seating widths 1. resulting in large core cross sections 38 and 39. Retaining wall 20 can have a correspondingly higher design height. Furthermore, a statically relevant factor is the center of gravity S of the forming block 22;
On the row side of the contact surface of the molded block 22, the area of the molded block I cock available for the seating width influences the position of the center of gravity S.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, a head 40 is formed on the atmosphere side that projects beyond the seating width,
This head 40 is outwardly limited by the front face 25.
The weight or mass (see the hatch in FIG. 1) displaces the center of gravity S toward the atmosphere. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the small extension 41 of triangular cross-section acts in the opposite direction in the area on the ground side.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, the extension 41 is
1' 40, so that the center of gravity S is located exactly on the stationary axis 37H.7 Meanwhile, a step S2 is formed in the area of the back surface 2G, and its step 4
2 increases the roughness of the molded hook on the one hand and acts as a gripping part to grip it on the other hand.

The molded block 22 may include one or more seating surfaces and steps on the lower surface 23 and the lower surface 24.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG.
6 is formed on the ground side, the seating surface 46 of which in its horizontal position extends at a higher level than the adjoining (larger) seating surface 27, in accordance with molded block design theory. A step with an inclined stop surface 48 between the two! In the case of 6.2 in which 7 is formed, the extension part 41 having a trapezoidal cross section is connected to the ground side 1. , two adjacent to each other, there 7 and 1 and 46 (which become part of the end-side convex portion 50 having a mold cross section).

Corresponding a) with stop 1fi52 seating surface 51 is lower surface G
Therefore, the stepped portion 53 is also formed.
ii and one side correspond to the second side; L'7: It is made in the shape of a casing b-shaped which faces the earth side and rises above the upper surface 23 2). The central seating surfaces 27 and 31 are the same as the seating surface 1, respectively.
! 8 and 46 and 32 and 51, which are one bite larger and the same size as A).

In this case, the head 40 has a triangular cross section ff!, and has a lower rounded end 44.'\Grot 40
Lower side seating surface: 32 extension ■-1 to 1. ．． This will be extended, but since ＼・7 do 40 is on the evening (side) of the seating width 1),
Not an active component of it. The cross-sectional areas of the throat 40 and the extension 41 are of the same size, so that the center of gravity S lies in the area of the stationary shaft 37.

Figure 7 shows three sitting ifi+27.2 days and 46 at the same 1m? This shows the deformation formed on the top surface. However, its seating surface 4 (i is longer in length than in the previous example. The flat back surface 26 of the surface of these molded blocks is provided with milled corners 54 which can act as gripping recesses.

Figure 8 11! 2 shows a block with a mirror-image design, which is made identical on both sides and is in this case curved, i.e. spherical, so that it can be installed without considering the front and back sides; FIG. The molded block has three seating surfaces 27, 28.3 on the top and bottom surfaces in the case of S, -.
1.32, 46 and 51. Backfill 2
The seating surfaces 46 and 51 facing 1 are the seating surfaces 28 facing the atmosphere.
and 32 of the same size. Stepped portions 29, 33
．． The heights of walls 4'7 and 53 are also the same, so the molded block 0-) is rotated 170'' around those surfaces to form retaining wall 20.
It can be installed inside. The center of gravity 3 in this isolateral design is placed on the stationary tlli+37.

The arrangement of the seating surfaces, which are always parallel, and of the stepped surfaces, which are arranged parallel to each other, as in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, cannot be completely eliminated when actually constructing the retaining wall. Due to small relative displacements of the molded blocks, the effective seating width remains unaltered in any noticeable way.

As shown in Fig. 3, which is clearly enlarged, 1 or an image! Gap 5! ] occurs only in the areas of steps 29 and 33. , and j) that a stable and complete seating of the forming block is maintained regardless of the configuration. FIG. 9 shows a forming block corresponding to the configurations H, N, mainly in accordance with FIG. This means--the throat 40 and the extension 41 are made essentially the same, so that this molded block can be assembled laterally inverted2. N 4 Here,
This is associated with a groove 64 which extends in the contraction direction or horizontally and is essentially of the mold section. These are formed correspondingly, Nilib G5! Therefore, they are separated from each other.

Retaining walls with different views can be obtained from molded blocks designed in this way, by using only one type of molded block (Fig. 9), and by molding with a real construction surface. It can be formed by placing blocks alternately facing the atmosphere m and the ground side.

4 and 5 show molded blocks 2 in retaining wall 20.
2, the barrier is a continuous concrete foundation 56 with a wedge-shaped compensator 57 to determine the slope.
The top can be built and vegetated in nine ways. The molded blocks 22 (are placed at a distance from each other and around each other in the individual layers 58 so that an intervening space 59 is created for the plants. In the construction of this molded block, this It is possible to lift the ground up to the front face 25 of the forming block 22 (the angle of inclination in FIG. 4 is 60').

FIG. 12 shows a retaining wall 20 with a variable effective cross section. In the lower area, a wall foundation 61 is installed across and adjacent to the longitudinal extension of the retaining wall 20, in fact according to FIG.
As in the embodiment of Figures 8 and 9,
It consists of several layers 43 of molded blocks in an embodiment with a third seating surface 46 on the top side. The (flat) back faces 26 are opposed within the layer 43. wall foundation 6
1 or the lower foundation [62, this results in a seating width b2 resulting from the seating surfaces of the two molding blocks 22 of the base layer 62, its molding pro.

22 are installed adjacent to each other. Moreover, the stacked molding blocks 22 positively engage each other as a result of the opposed arrangement of the protrusions 5° on the one hand and the steps 53 on the other hand. In the area of the vertical center plane, the arrangement is such that the molding blocks on the ground side are arranged laterally opposite to the upper surface 23 and lower surface 24, respectively, this means that the adjacent 1. This results in a tortuous locking of the stacked molded blocks installed. Adjacent molded blocks of layers 43 and 62 each form a recess into which the protrusion 50 can penetrate with fit 1.

On the wall foundation 61, the wall upper part 63 consists of a layer 58 with molded blocks in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the retaining wall 20 in each case. Statically large and relatively wide core sections 38 and 39 are available in the area of the base layer 62 and in the transition area from the wall top 63 to the wall foundation 61.

The lower molded block 22 of the wall soil part 63 is one of the wall foundations 61.
11i-way molding pro・7ri top stop] Two sides 48 (9
and is supported by a lower stop surface 34. Therefore, a self-containing soil L2 of the relative position of the molded blocks is also available in this area. The number of layers 43 and 62 falling in the area of the wall foundation 61 is selected such that the lower core section 39 is utilized in part as a result of a given factor of the core section 38 and the direction of the resultant force R.

The retaining wall according to FIG.
1 and a wall soil section 63. In this exemplary embodiment, the foundation jFJ62 has three molded blocks adjacent to each other in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the retaining wall 20.
Consists of 2. The structure of the molded blocks according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. occurs in the transition area of section 63.

The molded block retaining wall 2 of this preferred embodiment of FIG.
0, the best positive locking of the formed blocks is in each cross-sectional enlargement area of the retaining wall, i.e. in the wall soil section 63.
8 and in the area from the lower IW 43 to the base layer 62. The two molded blocks of the layer are of adjacent layers (here layer 58 on the one hand and base layer 62 on the other hand).
) overlapped by molding blocks, which molding blocks are installed in offset positions and, indeed, by engagement of steps and recesses with each other in a continuous cascade-type structure. Such walls can be highly loaded or of considerable design height.

The molded block can be of any suitable size. In the advantageous embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the total length of the molded block from the front side 25 to the back side 26 is approximately 301. The height of such a molded block, ie the mutual distance of the seating surfaces 27 and 31, is for example approximately 15 c+m. In one exemplary embodiment, the steps or parallel seating surfaces have a distance of 2.5
It is cs. The width of the small seating surface 28.32... is 3.5
cs is preferred.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view of the molding block, FIG. 2 is a side view of another exemplary embodiment of the molding block, likewise a side view 1, FIG. 3 is a side view of the molding block, and FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a retaining wall constructed from the molded blocks according to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a front view or longitudinal view of the retaining wall according to FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a further FIG. 7 is a side view of another exemplary embodiment of a molded block; FIG. 7 is a side view of two precisely positioned molded blocks;
8 is a side view of a further exemplary embodiment of a molded block, FIG. 9 is a side view R1 of a generally applicable embodiment of a molded block, and FIG. Figure 11 is a front view of a part of the retaining wall by No. 101, and Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the section of the retaining wall. (side of can wall 1
', 411'J and vertical cross-sectional view, Figure 13 is Figure 2ζ
147 of another exemplary embodiment of a retaining wall made with stages of molded block LJ □7 22. Molded block, 23...Top surface. 24...Bottom surface, 25...Front surface, 2[j...Back surface. 27.28 N 31.32; 46,51・γf
Seat surface 29.33.47.53...Stepped portion. 30.34.48.52...Stop surface. , 40... be, throat, 41... extension. , 13.62・ F section [H, st・~ wall foundation 63
Wall-17 Part 2: No change 1 Procedural amendment (method)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Forming of concrete for making a retaining wall that is inclined to the vertical toward the backfill and is arranged in layers and engages each other on the upper and lower surfaces by convex portions and concave portions. The upper surface 2 of the molded block 22
3 and the lower surface 24 each have at least two seating surfaces 2
7, 28; 31, 32; 46, 51, which are offset from each other in a stepped manner 29, 33, 47, 53 and extend parallel to each other. 2. Adjacent seating surfaces mutually stop surfaces 30, 34, 48,
2. Molded blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that they are connected by 52 which are inclined towards the atmosphere side of the retaining wall 20 and extend at an angle of less than 45[deg.]. 3. The seating surface 28, 32 facing the atmosphere side is arranged at a deeper position than the seating surface 27, 31 on the earth side, and is smaller than the seating surface on the earth side. Molded block according to range 1 or 2. 4. The upper surface 23 and the lower surface 24 are seating surfaces 27, 28, 31
, 32, 46, 51 are made correspondingly with respect to the position and effective dimensions, according to claim 1 and one or more other claims. 5. The stop surface 30... is the ground side or the central seating surface 27
Claim 1 and one or more of the steps 29, 33, etc., characterized in that the steps 29, 33, etc. are of a low height compared to the overall height of the molded block. Molded blocks as described in other sections. 6. The seating surfaces 27, 28, . . . and the stop surfaces 30, 34, . . . on the upper and lower surfaces extend parallel to each other. Molded blocks as described in . 7. The upper surface 23 and the corresponding lower surface 24 have several, in particular three, cascading or stepped seating surfaces 27, 28
..., which are arranged offset from each other, extend in parallel planes and are arranged between them.
Molded block according to claim 1 and one or more other claims, characterized in that it has a diameter of 0, 34, . 8. Three parallel seating surfaces 28, 27, 46; 32, 31
, 51 are formed on the lower surface 24 corresponding to the upper surface 23,
The earth side seating surface 46 on the upper surface 23 extends at a higher level than the central seating surface 27, and the earth side seating surface 46 and the atmosphere side seating surface 28 are made to have approximately the same size, so that the central seating surface 27 faces the earth side. Molded block according to claim 1 and one or more other claims, characterized in that the molded block is substantially larger than the seating surface on the atmospheric side. 9. The seating surfaces 27, 51... or their effective areas and stop surfaces 30, 34... create a seating width b, with which the atmosphere side head 40 and the ground side extension 41 are adjacent. A molded block according to claim 1 and one or more other claims, characterized in that: 10. The head on the atmosphere side is made to have a triangular cross section and has a lower surface as an extension of the adjacent lower seating surface 32 and an outer circular end portion 44, and the earth side extension portion 41 is made to have a trapezoidal cross section. The molded block according to claim 9, characterized in that: 11. The molded block according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the cross-sectional areas of the head 40 and the extension part 41 are made to have the same size. 12. Claim 1 and one or more, characterized in that the head 40 as well as the front side 25 and the extension 41 and the rear side 26 are made arch-shaped, in particular in a curved (circular) shape. Molded blocks as described in other sections of . 13, characterized in that the front surface 25 and/or the rear surface 26 are provided with a surface structure having, in particular, longitudinally or horizontally extending grooves 64 and ribs 65, preferably with a trapezoidal cross-section. Molded block according to paragraph 1 and one or more other paragraphs. 14. The molded blocks 22 are stacked in layers, particularly by forming gaps between the molded blocks in the layers, and the molded blocks are retaining walls of molded blocks that are longitudinally adjacent to the retaining wall, Several, in particular two, wall foundations 61 of molded blocks are formed in the lower part of the retaining wall 20, arranged laterally adjacent to the longitudinal extension of the retaining wall 20, the part of which is made of (concrete) A molded block retaining wall according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is adjacent to a foundation (56). 15. Due to the corresponding relative positioning on the upper surface of the second molded block 22 laterally adjacent to the longitudinal extension of the retaining wall 20, said molded block 22 in the area of the wall foundation 61
in the central area of their upper surface actively engage with a molding block 22 of the layer 58 arranged above, the molding block 22 being in an offset position. Retaining wall as described in section. 16. In the area of the wall foundation 61, the lower layer 43 or 6
2 consists of three or more molded blocks 22 disposed adjacent to each other in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the retaining wall, and adjacent in an offset state such that seating surfaces and stop surfaces facing each other positively engage with each other. Claim 1 characterized in that it has a varying number of molded blocks arranged as
Retaining wall as described in Section 5. 17. Retaining wall according to claim 14 and one or more other claims, characterized in that the shaped blocks are arranged laterally inverted in layers.