JPS6234743A - Tool specifying method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the usage of tool number in the part program for defining the machining information while to enable take-out control through T-code by storing the correspondence between the tool numbers and T-codes in a memory and outputting while converting the tool number into T-code. CONSTITUTION:In the converting process of tool number and T-code, the type, the profile dimension such as the diameter and the machining condition with said tool are recorded as a set in the tool data file structure recorded on a tape T2. In order to correspond T-codes with the tool numbers prior to read-in of tool data, the file structure of tool data recording area will select the tool number-T-code setting mode through switching of mode exchange switch 16 to function a key 15 thus to set the correspondence between T-codes and the tool numbers. Then the tool data corresponding with the tool number set in said tool data memory area is read out and stored in said area thus to arrange the data concerning only to the tool contained in the tool magazine.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a method for specifying tools for use in numerically controlled machine tools.

<Prior Art> In conventional numerically controlled machine tools, there is an automatic tool changing device of a random type that randomly selects tools stored in a tool magazine regardless of the order in which they are arranged.

The maximum number of tools that can be stored in the tool magazine is about 60, so each storage address of the tool magazine is TO
It is generally displayed as a two-digit T code such as O.

On the other hand, in order to manage tools, it is necessary to systematize and code each tool by tool type, tool diameter, and tool length, so it is necessary to assign a tool number with a code with a large number of digits.

<Means for solving the problem> In order to solve the problem, the present invention stores the correspondence between the tool number and the T code in the memory of the computer, and converts the tool number given by the part program into the T code. , the tool to be taken out from the tool magazine is specified as a T code.

<Function> The correspondence between the tool number and T code is stored in the memory, and the tool number is converted to a T code and output, so that the tool number, which is convenient for tool management, can be used in a bird program that defines machining information. Not only can the tool be taken out from the tool magazine, but the designation of the tool to be taken out from the tool magazine can be controlled using the T code.

<Example> The tool designation method of the present invention will be described below based on an example.

The embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a numerical control device having an automatic programming function for translating a part program written in an automatic programming language and a numerical control function.

An example of a par-1 program written in an automatic programming language is shown in FIG. In this part program, 610 is given as the tool number to the second block of the cutting statement that defines polling (BOR), and drilling (D
The second block of the cutting statement for RL) has 1 as the tool number.
06 is given. This tool number is a systematic code for all tools to be managed.

On the other hand, a T code is attached to the storage address of the tool magazine, and this T code has a number of digits that can identify the number of tools that can be stored in the magazine. The part program is read into the part program storage area shown in Fig. 4, and the tool data is read into the tool data storage area and translated, but in the process, the tool number is converted to a T code to operate the machine tool. The bar will be explained as numerical control command data for this purpose. The file structure of the tool data recorded on tape T2 is as shown in Figure 6.
For each tool number, the type, shape and dimensions such as diameter, and machining conditions for that tool are recorded as a set. On the other hand, the file structure of the tool data recording area is as shown in FIG. 5, and in order to associate the T code with the tool number before reading the tool data into this, the mode changeover switch 16 shown in FIG. The tool number-T code setting mode is selected by switching, and the correspondence between the T code and the tool number is set by operating the key 15. By reading the tool data corresponding to the tool number set in the tool data storage area and storing it in the corresponding area, tool data only for the tools stored in the tool magazine will be available.

The part program is stored in the part program storage area, and the cycle table shown in FIG. 12 is created during the translation process. The coordinate values specified by the formula statement in the part program are calculated and stored in the corresponding area of the cycle table as a position command on the tool movement trajectory. Also, the T code and machining conditions are read out by referring to the tool data recording area using the tool number given in the part program, and stored in the corresponding area of the cycle table. The data stored in the cycle table is transferred to the buffer area and passed to the control program NCBR, which controls the numerical control functions shown in FIG. 13, in order to operate the machine tool under numerical control. The T code set in the buffer area is outputted to the heavy-duty control panel 18 in FIG. 5 in order to index the tool magazine and select a necessary tool in step 29 in the same figure. The tool designated by the tool number is then taken out from the tool magazine and the machining operation is controlled in a predetermined machining cycle.

Next, the detailed configuration will be explained based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an external view of the numerical control device, and a console panel provided on the front side of a casing 10 housing the numerical control device is equipped with an NC operation It1, a high-power operation panel 12, and a tape reader 13. It is being NC133 production board 1
1 is provided with a display device 14, keys 15 for data input, and a mode changeover switch 16, and a high-power operation panel 12 has various pushbutton switches 12a necessary for machine operation such as a start button and a stop button, and a manual A pulse generator 12b and an operation mode changeover switch 17 are provided. This operation mode selector switch 17 is capable of switching operation modes such as continuous, automatic, data input, handle, jog, etc. When the data input mode is selected, data input from the NC operation panel 11 becomes valid. A mode changeover switch 16 provided on the NC operation panel 11 changes over the data input mode. (1) search mode,
(2) Part program reading mode, (3) Part program correction mode, (4) Tool data reading mode,
It has (5) tool data correction mode, (6) tool number-code setting mode, and (7) manual motor input mode.

The display device 14 allows the operator to enter various data in a conversational manner with the computer, and displays required data one after another so that the input data can be confirmed. Also, during operation, the part program currently being executed is
The instructions and this single instruction are translated by an automatic programming facility to display instructions for each block broken down into multiple blocks of machine control instructions.

Therefore, it is preferable to use a plasma display as the display device 14, which can display alpha-bento characters, alphanumeric characters, and other symbols over many lines.

The data input keys 15 are mainly divided into alphabet keys 15a and numeric keys 15b as shown in FIG. 2, and commands and data to the computer are given by a combination of these keys. Note that when the various symbols attached to the numeric key 15b are pressed simultaneously with the shift key 15c, the computer recognizes them not as numbers but as their signals.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the system configuration of the numerical control device housed in the housing 10. The computer 20 is composed of a central processing unit 21, a read-only memory 22, and a readable/writable memory 23. , the central processing unit 21 outputs address data to the address bus 24 to specify the address of the memory 22.23, reads data from each memory 22.23 via the data bus 25, and writes data. Central processing unit 21
An I10 bus 26 is connected to the I10 bus 26, and the tape reader 13, NC operation ill data input switch 15, mode changeover switch 16, and display device are connected to the I10 bus 26 through respective interfaces 30 to 35. 14, various switches 1fi 12a of the heavy-duty electric operation panel 12, a manual pulse generator 12b, a heavy-duty electric control panel 18, and a servo motor drive unit 19 are connected.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart conceptually representing the internal processing functions of the computer, and the internal processing is shown within the frame of the two-dot chain line a. Tape TI for storing part programs
is applied to the tape reader 13 and the part program reading mode is selected by the mode changeover switch 16,
When the storage program MPI is executed, the part programs are sequentially read character by character and stored in the part program storage area of the memory. The tool data reading mode of the tape T2 for storing tool data is selected by switching the mode changeover switch 16 shown in FIG. 2, and when the storage program MP2 is executed, only the tool data of the tool number corresponding to the T code is selected. and stored in the tool data storage area. To determine the correspondence between the T code and the tool number, select the tool number-to-cho code setting mode by switching the mode changeover switch 16, and operate the data input key 15 to set the tool number for the T code or the T code for the tool number. Change the settings. If the tool data is then read, the data of the corresponding tool number will be stored. The format of the tool file is shown in Figure 5, and the tool number, tool type, diameter, setting length, effective length, rotation speed, feed rate, and standard depth are associated with the T code. It is being

The part program is written in an automatic programming language, and an example of this automatic programming language is shown in Table 1.

This language mainly consists of definition sentences and cutting sentences, and the cutting sentences include cutting auxiliary words. Definition sentences are keywords with label numbers 1 to 9, cutting sentences are keywords with label numbers 11 to 15, and cutting auxiliary words are keywords with label numbers 111 to 120.
is expressed by keywords, and each keyword is the first keyword.
It has the meaning listed in the right column of the table.

The definition statement defines the coordinate values of each point on the tool center motion trajectory, the cutting statement specifies the type of machining such as drilling (DRL) or milling (MIL), and also specifies the tool number. The motion trajectory defined by the definition statement is specified.

Taking the part program shown in FIG. 15 as an example, the second block 610 of the cutting statement for polling (BOL) is
Also, the second block 106 of the cutting text of drilling machining (DRL)
is the tool number.

The automatic program function is to translate the part program and convert it into machine control instructions in the form so that the NC control program described later can output command pulses to the servo system. Primitive instructions are typically broken down into multiple blocks of machine control instructions.

Table 1 Translation of the above part program calculates the coordinates of points, straight lines, and circles defined by the definition statement, stores the coordinate values of the points that define the tool motion trajectory in a point table in the memory area, and performs cutting. Data processing is performed such as obtaining command data for the motion trajectory specified by the statement by referring to this table, and the T code, feed amount in the tool axis direction, feed rate, spindle rotation, etc. are obtained from the tool file that stores tool data. Buffer area B where processing conditions are determined, data processing is performed to convert into multiple blocks of machine control instructions, and multiple blocks of the converted machine control instructions can be stored.
In order to always satisfy the requirements, the data processing is performed in real time with the data processing of the numerical control function, which will be described later.

The numerical control function is stored in buffer area B.
The T code included in the machine control command of the block commands tool selection, and pulse distribution is performed based on command values for the direction and amount of movement of the tool, and a predetermined frequency is applied to each feed axis servo system. This process performs data processing to control the moving direction and speed of the tool by continuously sending out command pulses.

When reading tool data, a separate routine is prepared to select only the data corresponding to the designated tool number and store it in the tool data area. This routine is called by switching the mode changeover switch 16 to the tool data reading mode. The tape T2 that stores tool data has a tool number (
(assumed to be expressed as a five-digit number) are stored, and data for one tool is separated by CR.

Therefore, what comes after CR is always the tool number.

When the routine of the storage program MP2 shown in FIG. 7 is executed, the first CR is searched in step (1),
In step (2), the 5 characters that are the tool number following the CR are read, and a search is made to see if the same tool number as the tool number read in step (3) exists in the tool data storage area.If not, step (4) ) and skips reading until the next CR is read, and in step (5) it is determined whether it is the end of the tape. If the same tool number is found in step (3), step (4-1) reads the tool data, stores the data in the corresponding area in step (4-2), and then returns to step (5). Proceed to.

In this way, data regarding the tool number (tool-specific management number) associated with the T-code (identification code of the tool stored in the tool magazine) is selected and stored in the tool data storage area.

The automatic programming execution routine for automatic translation processing of part programs is shown in Figure 8. This routine reads one block of a part program, determines whether it is a definition statement or a cutting statement, and if it is a definition statement, it Subroutines APOI, APO2, and APO3 that define points, DA (coordinate system settings), straight lines, circles, and patterns according to the label number of the definition statement;
For cutting statements, there is a subroutine APIO that processes cutting auxiliary words, and a subroutine APII that creates a cycle table by obtaining command data on the tool motion trajectory depending on the type of machining.
It is mainly composed of. The process of determining machining conditions by referring to the tool data is performed within the subroutine APIO.

In FIG. 8, step (1) initializes the automatic program working area and the point storage area at the time of definition, and step (2) reads one block of the part program. The part program for the machining example shown in FIG. 14 is shown in FIG. 15.
The unit separated by /=) is called one block, and the data is read in block units and data processing is performed successively. Note that the symbol in parentheses is not recognized as a separator.

In step (3), the label number of this one block is determined to distinguish whether it is a definition statement or a cut statement, and if it is a definition statement, the label number is further determined in step (3-1).
If the label number is 1 or 2, the subroutine APOI is executed, if the label number is 3.4, the subroutine APO2 is executed, and if the label number is 5, the subroutine APO3 is executed. Each subroutine APOI to APO3 calculates the coordinate value of a point on a figure defined by a point given on the part program, DA, a straight line, or a circle, and also calculates the coordinate value of a point on a figure defined by a point DA, a straight line, or a circle, and also calculates the coordinate value of a straight line, circle, or pattern in the calculation process. Defining data is also organized and stored in a point table formed in the area of the memory. This point table includes subroutines APII, API2, . A
It is referred to when creating a cycle table in P13. - As an example, the subroutine APOI for defining a point and DA will be explained with reference to FIG. The part program is read, and in step (1-2) it is determined whether the label number is φ, that is, whether the read one block is the definition of another coordinate system or the data of the coordinate system itself. The read data is the coordinate system setting data (DA value) itself,
In step (1-3), the data is set in the DA child table. If the label number is not φ, it means that another coordinate system has been defined, so in step (1-4) the setting data of the separately defined coordinate system is added and then the DA child table is set. Once this DA child table is set, the process returns to the main routine. Said step (1
), if it is determined to be a point, the point number is set to step (
This is saved in step 2), the next block is read in step (3), and it is determined whether the definition statement is finished in step (4). If the definition statement is finished, the point number saved in step (2) and the coordinate values read in step (3) are stored in the point table. If the definition statement does not end, in step (4-1), search the point table using the point number of the following definition statement, add the coordinate values, search the point table, add the coordinate values, and create the point table. Processing to store is performed. Even when defined by a straight line or a circle, the coordinate values that define the straight line and the coordinate values that define the circle are stored in the point table, and the points of intersection of these straight lines and circles, straight lines and straight lines, or circles and circles are The coordinate values of the determined point are calculated and also stored in the point table as new point data. Even in the pattern definition statement, the coordinate values of each patterned point are finally calculated and the coordinate values of each point are stored in the point table.

When a series of definition statements are processed, a cutting statement is processed based on the coordinate values of the defined points. The processing of the cutting statement is
If it is determined in step (3) in FIG. 8 that it is a cutting sentence, the process proceeds to step (4), and if the label number is 11-20, the process proceeds to subroutine APIO, where the cutting auxiliary word is processed first. About this subroutine APIO
This will be explained with reference to the figures. In step (1), the label number of the first block at the beginning of the cutting sentence is saved. This label number represents the type of machining, and the first cutting statement of the part program shown in Figure 15 is BO with label number 15.
R (polling processing), and label number 15 is saved. In step (2), the next block is read.

The second block in the cutting statement is always the tool number, so reading in step (2) means reading the tool number, and in step (3) the tool data area is searched and the tool corresponding to the read tool number is read. Find the data and add the corresponding tool data to the tool data table COMT
Move to L. In step (4), the next block of tool numbers is read. Since cutting auxiliary words with label numbers 111 to 120 are given to the block next to the tool number, the process proceeds from step (5) to step (5-1), decoding each cutting auxiliary word, and decoding each cutting auxiliary word. The command value following the word is stored in each corresponding table and the process returns to step (4).

This operation is repeated as many times as there are cutting auxiliary words, and when there are no more cutting auxiliary words, the process proceeds to step (7), where the label number saved in step (1) is restored and the process returns to the main routine. The restored label number is shown in steps (5-1), (5-2), and (5-3) of the main routine.
If it is a drill cycle (label number 11), a tap cycle (label number 12), or a polling cycle (label number 15), the subroutine AP
If it is a reaming cycle (label number 13), the process proceeds to subroutine AP12 and a milling cycle (label number 13) is entered.
If the label number is 14), the process advances to subroutine AP13.

As mentioned above, since the first cutting statement was a polling cycle, the label number is 15 and the process advances to subroutine APLI. This subroutine APII is a routine for creating a cutting cycle table by referring to the tool data file COMTL, point table, and DA child table.

The cutting cycle table is formed in the automatic program working area, and the cycle pattern is determined according to the type of machining, and the cycle table for the polling cycle is shown in FIG. From the top of this table, there is a column for specifying the tool to be used (TooL#), rapid feed advance position (xa, Ya, za>), and feed rate command (
F), spindle rotation speed (S), cutting feed forward position (Xb, Y
b.

zb), rapid feed retreat positions (Xa, Ya, Za) are provided, TOOL#, F, and S are set with the corresponding data in the tool data file COMTL, and Xa
, Ya, Za, Xb, Yb.

zb is set with data calculated from the point table and the DA child table. A routine for creating such a cycle table will be explained based on FIG. In step (1) of this routine, the tool data table CO
The MTL is referred to and the T code, feed rate value, and rotation speed value corresponding to the tool number are stored in the corresponding area of the cycle table. In step (2), the variable storage area DA
Clear the value and determine whether the label number is 2 in step (3). The determination here is to determine the label number of the last block read in subroutine APIO, and if the label number is 2, step (3-1)
The process proceeds to step (7), where the DA value stored in the DA child table is set in the variable storage area, and the process proceeds to step (7), where it is determined whether or not the cutting statement has ended, and if so, the process returns to the main routine. If it is not finished, go to step (8) and move on to the next one.
Read the block and return to step (3). The label number of the read block is determined in step (3), and if the label number is not 2, the process proceeds to step (4). Step (
In 4), the label number is determined, and if it is ■, proceed to step (6-IL (6-2), (6-3) and point data processing is performed, and if it is 5, proceed to step (5-IL).
-1), Proceed to (5-2) to process point data. Steps (6-1) to (6-3) and (5,
-1).

Point data processing in (5-2) is essentially the same. That is, in both data processing, the point table is searched by the point number to find the coordinate value, and the DA set in the variable storage area is used for this coordinate value.
The values are added and output to the specified data area of the cutting pile table, but the difference is that in steps (5-1) and (5-2), this operation is repeated for the number of points defined in the pattern. ing. Steps (6-1) to (6
-3), (5-1), and (5-2) are completed, the process proceeds to step (7), where it is determined whether or not this is the end of the cutting statement. If so, the process returns to the main routine, and when the If not, the next block is read in step (8) and the processing from step (3) onwards is repeated. When the program returns to the main routine of FIG. 8 and proceeds to step (6), the cycle table created in subroutine ApH is output to the buffer area Bl. The storage capacity of this buffer area B+ is such that it can store almost all blocks when a single primitive instruction in a part program is converted into a duplicate machine control instruction block, and there is no free space in this buffer area B1. The cycle table data is set like this, and if there is no space, it waits until a space becomes available. Once all the data in the cycle table has been output to the buffer area B+, the process returns to step (2) and the processing of the definition statement and the processing of the cutting statement are repeated.

Numerical control program NCP This program NCP mainly controls the action of distributing pulses to the servo system based on the machine control commands stored in the buffer area Bl and the processing of auxiliary function commands, and has a length of 5m5ec. It has a setting routine NCBR that corresponds to interrupts by the real-time clock. This data setting routine NCBR reads one block of machine control command data from the buffer area Bl, decodes it, and stores the data in the NC table, and sets initial values for pulse distribution in the data table. It also performs data processing to output auxiliary function commands to the heavy-duty control panel 18.

In step (22), the NC table is cleared, and in step (23), one block of machine control instructions stored in the buffer area B1 is read and set in the NC table. In step (24), it is determined whether there is a movement command in the data set in the NC table. If there is no movement command, step (27), (28
), Proceed to (29), M function processing, S function processing,
Perform T function processing. Mt! Function processing includes spindle startup,
It is a function that commands stop, spindle rotation to the right, rotation to the left, tool exchange, etc. The S function is a function to command the spindle rotation speed.
The T function is a function to select a predetermined tool using a T code, and outputs the function commanded by the program to the heavy-duty control panel 18. If there is a movement command, the subroutine AXIS is jumped to in step (25), and data is set for the data table.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, since the correspondence between tool numbers and T codes is stored in memory and the tool numbers are converted to T codes and output, tools can be specified by tool numbers on the part program. Since the tool to be taken out from the tool magazine can be specified using a T code, it is easy to specify the tool when creating a part program.Also, the control command form for the tool magazine index control and the numerical control device can be in a standard form, so the control device can easily specify the tool to be taken out from the tool magazine. It has the effect of maintaining versatility.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an external view of the numerical control device, FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the NCF'A production board, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the system configuration. Figure 4 is a conceptual flowchart of the system, Figure 5 is a diagram showing the format of the tool file, Figure 6 is a diagram showing the format of tool data stored on tape, and Figure 7 is for storing tool data. Program flowcharts, Figures 8 to 11 are automatic programming programs, with Figure 8 being the main routine for automatic programming, Figure 9 being a subroutine for defining points and DA, and Figure 10 being a cutting aid. Figure 11 is a subroutine for creating a cycle table, Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of a cycle table, Figure 13 is a flowchart of a numerical control program, and Figure 14 is a processing example. Figure, No. 15
The figure shows a part program for the processing example shown in FIG. 14. 10... Numerical control device, 11... NG operation panel, 16
...Mode selection switch, 18...High power control panel,
19... Drive unit, 21... Central processing unit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a method of specifying tools used for machining by a numerically controlled machine tool, all tools usable in the machine tool are coded with tool numbers, and each tool storage address in the tool magazine of the machine tool is coded. A T code is attached, and the tool with the tool number is set at each storage address of the magazine, and the correspondence relationship between the tool number and the T code as the storage address is stored in the memory of a computer that controls the machine tool. When inputting a part program that provides machining information including tool data indicated by a tool number into the computer and providing the machining information to the machine tool, the tool number is converted to a T code and the program is executed based on the T code. A tool specifying method characterized by specifying a tool to be taken out from the tool magazine.