JPS6234690A - Engine valve for automobile and its production - Google Patents
Engine valve for automobile and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6234690A JPS6234690A JP60172649A JP17264985A JPS6234690A JP S6234690 A JPS6234690 A JP S6234690A JP 60172649 A JP60172649 A JP 60172649A JP 17264985 A JP17264985 A JP 17264985A JP S6234690 A JPS6234690 A JP S6234690A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- build
- laser beam
- groove
- valve
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
この発明は自動車用エンジンの排気弁等として使用され
るバルブに関し、特にバルブシートとの当り面(バルブ
フェース)に耐摩耗性や耐熱性の優れたステライト等の
異種金属をレーザにより肉盛したバルブおよびその製造
方法に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field This invention relates to a valve used as an exhaust valve for an automobile engine, and in particular, the valve face that contacts the valve seat has excellent wear resistance and heat resistance. The present invention relates to a valve in which dissimilar metals such as stellite are deposited using a laser, and a method for manufacturing the same.
従来の技術
周知のようにエンジン用バルブには優れた耐熱性が要求
されるとともに、特にバルブシートに当接するバルブフ
ェースには高い耐摩耗性が要求され、このほか高温耐食
性、高温耐酸化性も要求される。特にエンジン用バルブ
のうちでも排気弁に使用されるバルブは著しい高温に曝
されるため、^瀉下での優れた耐摩耗性、耐熱性が要求
される。Conventional Technology As is well known, engine valves are required to have excellent heat resistance, and especially the valve face that contacts the valve seat is required to have high wear resistance.In addition, high temperature corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance are also required. required. In particular, among engine valves, valves used as exhaust valves are exposed to extremely high temperatures, and therefore are required to have excellent wear resistance and heat resistance under cooling conditions.
そこで従来から排気弁用のバルブとしては、本体部分な
オーステナイト系耐熱鋼等の通常の耐熱金属材料で作り
、バルブフェース面には特に耐熱性、耐摩耗性の優れた
金属、例えばステライト(C。Conventionally, exhaust valves have been made of ordinary heat-resistant metal materials such as austenitic heat-resistant steel for the main body, and metals with particularly excellent heat resistance and wear resistance, such as Stellite (C), for the valve face.
−Cr−W系合金)を肉盛することが行なわれている。-Cr-W alloy) has been applied.
そしてこの肉盛のための熱源としては、最近では例えば
特開昭50−121131などに示されるように、高密
度加熱エネルギー源として知られているレーザ光を使用
することが考えられている。この場合例えば第5図に示
すようにバルブ本体1の傘部2のうち、バルブフェース
面3が形成されるべき部分に、予め断面凹湾曲状の溝部
4を形成しておき、その溝部4にステライト等の肉盛す
べき金属の粉末を供給しつつその金属粉末にレーザ光5
を照射して加熱溶融させ、肉盛部6とすることが行なわ
れている。As a heat source for this build-up, it has recently been considered to use laser light, which is known as a high-density heating energy source, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-121131. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, a groove 4 having a concave curved cross section is formed in advance in the portion of the umbrella portion 2 of the valve body 1 where the valve face surface 3 is to be formed, and the groove 4 is While supplying metal powder such as stellite to be overlaid, a laser beam 5 is applied to the metal powder.
The overlaid portion 6 is formed by irradiating and heating and melting the material.
発明が解決すべき問題点
上述の特開昭50−121132号などによって提案さ
れているレーザ光照射によるバルブフェース肉盛は、従
来の一般的なガス熱源を用いた肉盛やTIGアークによ
る肉盛などの延長線上で考えられただけのもの、すなわ
ち単に熱源をレーザ光に置き換えただけのものに過ぎず
、熱源としてのレーザ光の性質を充分に考慮したもので
はなかった。そのため前記の如き提案に従って実際にレ
ーザ光照射による肉盛を実施した場合、次のような問題
が生じることが本発明者等の実験によって明らかとなっ
た。Problems to be Solved by the Invention The valve face build-up by laser beam irradiation proposed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-121132 and others is different from the conventional build-up using a gas heat source or build-up by TIG arc. This was merely an extension of the above, in other words, it simply replaced the heat source with laser light, and did not fully consider the properties of laser light as a heat source. Therefore, it has been found through experiments by the present inventors that when overlaying by laser beam irradiation is actually carried out according to the above proposal, the following problem occurs.
すなわち、実際のレーザ光照射によるバルブフェースの
肉盛においては、レーザ光エネルギー過大の部分や逆に
レーザ光エネルギー不足の部分が生じ易く、レーザ光エ
ネルギー過大の部分では肉盛のための金属粉末のみなら
ず母材部分まで溶融してしまい、そのため母材成分が肉
盛材中に長当に拡散して肉盛材が母材成分により希釈さ
れ、その結果所要の耐摩耗性等の肉盛材本来の特性が充
分に得られなくなり、また逆にエネルギー不足の部分で
は肉盛金属が母材に充分に溶着されない溶着不良が生じ
て、肉盛材の母材に対する接合強度が低下したり、また
端部では肉感材で覆われない部分(欠肉)が生じたりす
ることがある。In other words, when building up the valve face by actual laser beam irradiation, there are likely to be areas where the laser beam energy is too high or areas where the laser beam energy is insufficient, and in areas where the laser beam energy is too high, only the metal powder used for overlaying will occur. Instead, it melts down to the base material, and as a result, the base material components diffuse into the overlay material for a long time, and the overlay material is diluted by the base material components.As a result, the overlay material has the required wear resistance, etc. The original properties cannot be obtained sufficiently, and conversely, in areas where energy is insufficient, welding failure occurs in which the overlay metal is not sufficiently welded to the base material, resulting in a decrease in the bonding strength of the overlay metal to the base material, and At the edges, there may be areas that are not covered with the sensuous material (missing thickness).
この発明は以上の事情を背景としてなされたもので、レ
ーザ光照射によってバルブフェースを肉盛するにあたっ
て、レーザ光エネルギー過大に起因して母材成分による
肉盛金属の希釈や溶けだれが生じたり、逆にレーザ光エ
ネルギー不足に起因して溶着不良や欠肉が生じないよう
にすることを基本的な目的とするものである。This invention was made against the background of the above-mentioned circumstances. When overlaying a valve face by laser beam irradiation, dilution or melting of the overlay metal by base material components may occur due to excessive laser beam energy. On the contrary, the basic purpose is to prevent defective welding or lack of thickness due to insufficient laser beam energy.
問題点を解決するための手段
本発明者は上述の目的を達成するべく、鋭意実験検討を
重ねた結果、前述のような照射エネルギーの過大や不足
が生じ易い原因は、レーザ光のエネルギー分布が、レー
ザ光発振方式や機種などによって様々であることに起因
していることを見出した。すなわち、レーザ光照射によ
りバルブフェースの肉盛を行なうにあたっては、レーザ
光の照射位置における幅(ターゲット幅)が肉盛用溝部
の幅と一致するかまたはそれより若干大きくなるように
照射しつつ、レーザ光を溝部に沿って(すなわちバルブ
本体の円周方向に)相対的に移動させて肉盛を行なうの
であるが、この際にレーザ光の溝部幅方向(したがって
溝部横断方向もしくはバルブ半径方向と言い換えること
ができる)におけるエネルギー分布は一様ではないのが
通常であり、しかもその方向のエネルギー分布形状は発
振方式や機種などによって大幅に異なる。−5溝部幅方
向の各位置における必要エネルギーは、主としてその位
置に形成すべき肉盛材の厚み、すなわち供給した肉盛材
粉末の厚みに依存し、厚い位置では大きなエネルギーを
必要とし、薄い位置では小ざなエネルギーで足りる。し
かるに前記方向におけるレーザ光エネルギー分布につい
て特に考慮せずに肉盛を行なった場合には、1l11部
の幅方向のある位置では肉盛すべき厚みに対してエネル
ギーが不足して溶着不良が生じたり、他の位置では逆に
肉盛すべき厚みに対してエネルギーが過大となって母材
の溶融による肉感金属の希釈が生じたりすることが多か
ったのである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the inventor of the present invention has carried out extensive experimental studies, and has found that the reason why the above-mentioned irradiation energy tends to be excessive or insufficient is due to the energy distribution of the laser beam. We found that this is due to variations depending on the laser beam oscillation method and model. That is, when building up the valve face by laser beam irradiation, irradiate the valve face so that the width (target width) at the laser beam irradiation position matches or is slightly larger than the width of the building up groove. Overlay is performed by moving the laser beam relatively along the groove (that is, in the circumferential direction of the bulb body), but at this time, the laser beam is moved in the width direction of the groove (therefore, in the transverse direction of the groove or in the radial direction of the bulb). In other words, the energy distribution in this direction is usually not uniform, and the shape of the energy distribution in that direction varies greatly depending on the oscillation method, model, etc. -5 The energy required at each position in the width direction of the groove mainly depends on the thickness of the overlay material to be formed at that position, that is, the thickness of the supplied overlay material powder. A small amount of energy is enough. However, if welding is carried out without particularly considering the laser beam energy distribution in the above direction, there may be insufficient energy for the thickness to be overlaid at a certain position in the width direction of the 1l11 section, resulting in poor welding. However, at other locations, energy is often too high for the thickness to be overlaid, resulting in dilution of the fleshy metal due to melting of the base material.
例えば溝部4の幅方向中央部では形成すべき肉感材の厚
みに対しエネルギーが不足し端部では肉盛材7の厚みに
対しエネルギーが過大である場合には、第6図(A)に
示すように中央部で肉盛材7の溶着不良8が生じ、端部
では逆に母材9の溶融による溶けだれ10が生じる。逆
に溝aII4の幅方向中央部では形成すべき肉盛材7の
厚みに対しエネルギーが過大で、端部ではエネルギーが
不足する場合には、第6図(B)に示すように中央部で
は母材9のin”+iが生じ、端部では肉盛材の欠肉1
2が生じてしまう。For example, if the energy is insufficient for the thickness of the cladding material to be formed at the center in the width direction of the groove portion 4, and the energy is excessive for the thickness of the overlay material 7 at the end portions, as shown in FIG. 6(A). As shown, a welding defect 8 of the overlay material 7 occurs at the center, and conversely, a weld 10 occurs due to the melting of the base material 9 at the ends. On the other hand, if the energy is too large for the thickness of the overlay material 7 to be formed at the center in the width direction of the groove aII4, and insufficient at the ends, the energy will be too large at the center as shown in FIG. 6(B). in"+i of the base material 9 occurs, and there is a lack of thickness 1 in the overlay material at the end.
2 will occur.
そこで本発明者等は、レーザ光のエネルギー分布と肉盛
厚ざ分布との関係に看目し、肉盛厚ざにレーザ光のエネ
ルギー分布を反映させることによって、前述のような問
題を解決し得ることを見出し、この発明をなすに至った
のである。Therefore, the present inventors looked at the relationship between the energy distribution of the laser beam and the distribution of the build-up thickness, and solved the above-mentioned problem by reflecting the energy distribution of the laser beam in the build-up thickness. They found that it could be obtained and came up with this invention.
具体的には、第1発明は、レーザ光を用いてバルブフェ
ースにバルブ本体材料とは具なる材料を肉盛した自動車
用エンジンバルブにおいて、肉盛部の厚さのバルブ半径
方向における分布が、肉盛のためのレーザ光の前記方向
におけるエネルギー分布形状に対応するように定められ
て゛いることを特徴とするものである。 ゛
また第2発明は、バルブ本体のバルブフェースとなるべ
き部分に肉盛用の溝部を形成し、その肉盛用溝部にバル
ブ本体材料とは異なる肉盛用材料の粉末を供給し、その
粉末層表面にレーザ光を照射しつつレーザ光を溝部に沿
うて相対的に移動させて、肉盛用材料粉末を溶−・再凝
固させることによりバルブフェースを肉盛する自動車用
エンジンバルブの7!J造方法において、前記肉盛用溝
部を形成するに先立ち、予め照射すべきレーザ光の溝部
慣島方向におけるエネルギ、−分布形状を真ぺて横断方
向の分布に反映させるように肉盛用溝部を加工すること
を特徴とするものである。Specifically, the first invention provides an automobile engine valve in which a material other than the valve body material is deposited on the valve face using a laser beam, and the distribution of the thickness of the deposited portion in the valve radial direction is as follows: It is characterized in that it is determined to correspond to the energy distribution shape in the direction of the laser beam for overlaying.゛Also, the second invention forms a build-up groove in the portion of the valve body that is to become the valve face, supplies powder of a build-up material different from the valve body material to the build-up groove, and applies the powder to the build-up groove. 7 of an automobile engine valve in which the valve face is built up by melting and re-solidifying the build-up material powder by moving the laser light relatively along the groove while irradiating the layer surface with the laser light. In the J construction method, prior to forming the overlay groove, the overlay groove is adjusted such that the energy distribution shape of the laser beam to be irradiated in the direction of the groove is reflected in the distribution in the transverse direction. It is characterized by processing.
作 用
レーザ光の代表的なエネルギー分布形状としては、例え
ば第1図(A)に示すような台形形状モードすなわちピ
ーク値もしくはそれに近い値のエネルギーがある幅の1
IT11Pで続くようなモードがあり、またこれと異な
る代表的なエネルギー分布形状としては例えば第1t!
1(B)に示すようなデフォーカスしたガウシアンモー
ドがある。前者のモードと後者のモードとではエネルギ
ー分布が著しく異なり、そのためエネルギー分布につい
て特に考慮せずにレーザ光を照射して肉盛を行なった場
合には、前述のような問題が生じるのである。A typical energy distribution shape of the working laser beam is, for example, a trapezoidal mode as shown in FIG.
There is a mode that continues in IT11P, and a typical energy distribution shape different from this is, for example, the 1st!
There is a defocused Gaussian mode as shown in 1(B). The energy distribution is significantly different between the former mode and the latter mode, and therefore, if build-up is performed by irradiating laser light without giving special consideration to the energy distribution, the above-mentioned problem will occur.
そこでこの発明ではバルブフェースの肉感用の溝部を加
工するに先立って、肉盛のために照射すべきレーザ光の
エネルギー分布を予め調べておく。Therefore, in the present invention, before machining the fleshy groove of the valve face, the energy distribution of the laser beam to be irradiated for overlaying is investigated in advance.
具体的には例えばレーザビームアナライザーを用いたり
、あるいはアクリル樹脂のバーンパターンによって清べ
れば良い。なおこのエネルギー分布としては、要は肉盛
用溝部のIt!l’i方向(fit方向)の分布、すな
わちバルブ本体の半径方向の分布を調べれば良い。Specifically, it may be cleaned using, for example, a laser beam analyzer or a burn pattern of acrylic resin. Note that this energy distribution is basically based on the It! of the overlay groove. It is sufficient to examine the distribution in the l'i direction (fit direction), that is, the distribution in the radial direction of the valve body.
次いで肉盛用溝部を加工するにあたっては、最終的に得
るべき肉盛材の厚さ分布が照射レーザ光のエネルギー分
布に対応するように、溝部形状を加工する。すなわち、
第1図(A)の台形モードの場合には、肉感材のバルブ
本体半径方向の厚さ分布がその台形モードのエネルギー
分布に対応した分布となるように溝部を加工する。また
第1図(B)のようなガウシアンモードの場合は、肉盛
材の前記方向の厚さ分布がそのガウシアンモードのエネ
ルギー分布に対応した分布となるように溝部を加工する
。Next, when processing the overlay groove, the groove shape is processed so that the thickness distribution of the overlay material to be finally obtained corresponds to the energy distribution of the irradiated laser beam. That is,
In the case of the trapezoidal mode shown in FIG. 1(A), the groove portion is processed so that the thickness distribution of the sensitive material in the radial direction of the bulb body corresponds to the energy distribution of the trapezoidal mode. Further, in the case of the Gaussian mode as shown in FIG. 1(B), the groove portion is processed so that the thickness distribution of the overlay material in the above direction corresponds to the energy distribution of the Gaussian mode.
ここで、肉盛材の厚さ分布が所要の分布となるように溝
部を加工するとは、実際には溝部の深さ分布を所要の深
さ分布となるように加工することを意味するが、レーザ
光照射によって得られる肉盛材表面のバルブ本体半径方
向断面形状は、直線状ではなく所定の曲率の凸湾曲状と
なるのが通常であるから、その場合その凸湾曲面からの
深さ分布を定める必要がある。Here, processing the groove so that the thickness distribution of the overlay material becomes the required distribution actually means processing the groove so that the depth distribution becomes the required depth distribution. The radial cross-sectional shape of the bulb body on the surface of the overlay material obtained by laser beam irradiation is usually not a straight line but a convex curved shape with a predetermined curvature. It is necessary to define
上述のようにして肉盛用溝部を加工した後、溝部にステ
ライト粉末等の肉盛材粉末を供給しつつレーザ光をその
肉盛材粉末層表面(照射し、しかもそのレーザ光を溝部
に沿って相対的に移動させつつ、溝部内の肉盛材粉末を
順次溶融・再凝固させ、肉盛部とする。ここで、溝部に
供給する肉感材粉末の各位置における量は溝部の深さに
応じて最終的に所要の肉盛厚さとなるように定めれば良
い。After processing the overlay groove as described above, while supplying overlay material powder such as Stellite powder to the groove, a laser beam is irradiated onto the surface of the overlay material powder layer, and the laser beam is applied along the groove. The overlay material powder in the groove is sequentially melted and re-solidified to form a built-up part while relatively moving the overlay.Here, the amount of the overlay material powder supplied to the groove at each position depends on the depth of the groove. Accordingly, it is sufficient to determine the final build-up thickness to be the required thickness.
このようにしてレーザ照射による肉盛を行なえば、レー
ザ光のエネルギー分布が肉盛厚ざ分布に対応するため、
肉盛厚さに対しエネルギー過大の部分が生じたりエネル
ギー不足の部分が生じたりすることを有効に防止できる
。したがってエネルギー過大により母材部分の溶融が生
じて、母材成分による肉盛材の希釈や溶けだれが生じる
ことが防止され、かつエネルギー不足により肉盛材の溶
着不良や欠肉が生じたりすることが有効に防止される。If build-up is performed by laser irradiation in this way, the energy distribution of the laser beam will correspond to the build-up thickness distribution, so
It is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of areas with excessive energy or areas with insufficient energy relative to the build-up thickness. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the base material from melting due to excessive energy and cause dilution or melting of the overlay material due to base material components, and to prevent poor welding or insufficient thickness of the overlay material due to insufficient energy. is effectively prevented.
実施例
[実施例1コ
バルブ本体材料としてオーステナイト系耐熱鋼である2
l−4Nl (Fe−21%Cr−4%Ni−9%Mn
−0,5%C)を用い、肉盛材料としてステライト漱
6(1%C−28%Cr−4.5%W−1%S1残部G
o )の粒度分布−100メツシユ〜+350メツシユ
の粉末を用い、バルブ傘径3Qim、肉盛溝幅4.2■
11肉盛部表面(バルブフェース面)の凸湾曲面の曲率
半径R1−5,521(第2図I!照)の自動車エンジ
ン用バルブを次のようにして製造した。なお肉盛時に照
射するレーザ光としては出力2.2kW、ビームターゲ
ット形状4.811X 3.211の矩形状(但し溝部
幅方向に対応する辺が4,8a+m)とし、また走査速
度(バルブ周方向への相対移動速度)を6 mm、’
Eとした。また表面の曲率半径R1−5,5111ff
lの肉盛部を形成するために供給したステライト粉末量
はバルブ1本当り2.5gである。またレーザ光照射時
のシールドガスとしては?JEI110f/−のアルゴ
ンガスを用い、シールドガスノズル口径i2m+nとし
た。Examples [Example 1 Covalve body material is austenitic heat-resistant steel 2
l-4Nl (Fe-21%Cr-4%Ni-9%Mn
-0.5%C) was used as the overlay material.
o) Using a powder with a particle size distribution of -100 mesh to +350 mesh, the valve cap diameter is 3 Qim, and the overlay groove width is 4.2 ■.
11 An automobile engine valve having a radius of curvature R1-5,521 of the convex curved surface of the built-up part surface (valve face surface) (see FIG. 2, I!) was manufactured as follows. The laser beam irradiated during overlay has an output of 2.2 kW, a beam target shape of a rectangle of 4.811 x 3.211 (however, the side corresponding to the groove width direction is 4.8 a + m), and a scanning speed (in the bulb circumferential direction). relative movement speed) to 6 mm,'
It was set as E. Also, the radius of curvature of the surface R1-5, 5111ff
The amount of stellite powder supplied to form a built-up portion of 2.5 g per bulb was 2.5 g. Also, what about as a shielding gas during laser beam irradiation? JEI110f/- argon gas was used, and the shield gas nozzle diameter was set to i2m+n.
予めレーザ光の出力分布をレーザビームアナライザーを
用いて調べたところ、第3図(A)に示すような台形モ
ードの分布アロフィールが得られた。そこでバルブフェ
ースの肉盛用溝部4の形状寸法を第3図(B)に示す如
<tA−tβ−tc−0,8書ねとなるように定めて加
工した。すなわち4.21!!の幅で溝の中心から両9
1.4mmの範囲で肉盛厚さが一定となるように加工し
た。このように肉盛用溝部4の形状を台形モードのレー
ザ光分布プロフィールに反映させて加工した後、その第
3図(A)に示す台形モードのレーザ光を用い、前記条
件でステライトを肉盛した。When the output distribution of the laser beam was examined in advance using a laser beam analyzer, a trapezoidal mode distribution allophore as shown in FIG. 3(A) was obtained. Therefore, the shape and dimensions of the overlay groove 4 on the valve face were determined and processed so that <tA-tβ-tc-0,8 as shown in FIG. 3(B). That is 4.21! ! from the center of the groove with a width of 9
Processing was performed so that the build-up thickness was constant within a range of 1.4 mm. After processing the overlay groove 4 by reflecting its shape in the trapezoidal mode laser beam distribution profile, stellite is overlaid under the above conditions using the trapezoidal mode laser beam shown in FIG. 3(A). did.
その結果得られた肉盛部について調べたところ、母材の
溶融に起因する肉盛材の母材成分による希釈は5%未満
であってまた溶着不良などのエネルギー不足に起因する
欠陥の発生もないことが判明した。When we investigated the resulting build-up area, we found that the dilution of the build-up material by base material components due to melting of the base metal was less than 5%, and defects due to lack of energy such as poor welding did not occur. It turns out there isn't.
[実施例2]
前記実施VA1と同じ材料を用いて同形状の自動車エン
ジン用バルブを製造するにあたり、実m例1とは異なる
エネルギー分布のレーザ光を用いて肉盛を行なった。[Example 2] In manufacturing an automobile engine valve of the same shape using the same material as in Example VA1, overlay was performed using a laser beam with a different energy distribution from that in Example 1.
すなわちこの場合のレーザ光エネルギー分布について予
めレーザビームアナライザによって調べたところ、第4
図(A)に示すようなデフォーカスしたガウシアンモー
ドの分布プロフィールであることが判明した。そこで、
バルブフェースの肉盛用溝部4の形状寸法を、第4図(
B)に示すように【^: t9: tC譚At A2
:BI B2 :CI C2となるように加工した。な
おこの場合も肉盛部表面の曲率半径R1−5,5111
である。That is, when the laser beam energy distribution in this case was investigated in advance using a laser beam analyzer, the fourth
It turned out to be a defocused Gaussian mode distribution profile as shown in Figure (A). Therefore,
The shape and dimensions of the overlay groove 4 on the valve face are shown in Figure 4 (
As shown in B) [^: t9: tCtan At A2
: BI B2 : Processed to become CI C2. In this case as well, the radius of curvature of the surface of the built-up part R1-5, 5111
It is.
上述のように加工した後、ステライト粉末を肉感用溝部
4に供給しつつレーザ先出力2.5 kW、走査速1!
[611!/ Seeとして第4図(A)に示スエネル
ギー分布のレーザ光を照射し、肉盛を行なった。After processing as described above, while supplying the stellite powder to the sensual groove 4, the laser tip output was 2.5 kW and the scanning speed was 1!
[611! /See, a laser beam having the energy distribution shown in FIG. 4(A) was irradiated to perform overlay.
なお第4図(A)においてiiE、Dの外側のエネルギ
ーはアパーチャにてカットして照射した。In FIG. 4(A), the energy outside iiE and D was cut by an aperture and irradiated.
この場合も実施N1の場合と同様に母材成分による肉盛
材の希釈は5%未満であり、また溶着不良などのエネル
ギー不足に起因する欠陥も発生しないことが確認された
。In this case, as in the case of Example N1, the dilution of the overlay material by the base material components was less than 5%, and it was confirmed that defects due to lack of energy such as poor welding did not occur.
発明の効果
以上の説明で明らかなようにこの発明によれば、母材溶
融に起因して母材成分による肉盛材の希釈が生じて肉盛
材本来の耐摩耗性等が元厚できなくなったり、肉盛材の
溶着不良や欠肉、溶けだれ等の欠陥が発生したりするこ
とを有効に防止できる。Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, the overlay material is diluted by base material components due to base material melting, and the original wear resistance etc. of the overlay material is no longer maintained. It is also possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of defects such as poor welding of the overlay material, lack of thickness, and melting.
また上述のような欠陥のうち肉盛材の溶着不良は非破壊
検査で発見し雌いものであるが、このような欠陥の発生
をも防止し得ることは、バルブの信頼性を従来よりも格
段に高め得るに有効である。Furthermore, among the defects mentioned above, poor welding of the overlay material is detected through non-destructive testing, but being able to prevent the occurrence of such defects greatly improves the reliability of the valve compared to conventional methods. It is effective to increase the
第1図(A)、(B)はそれぞれ自動車用エンジンバル
ブの肉盛に使用されるレーザ光のエネルギー分布の一例
を示す縮図、第2図は肉盛部表面の曲率半!Rsの定義
を示すための略解図、第3図(A)、(B)はこの発明
による実施例1を説明するための図で、その(A)はレ
ーザ光のエネルギー分布を示す絵図、(B)は肉盛用溝
部の断面形状を示す断面図、第4図(A>、(B)はこ
の発明による実施例2を説明するための図で、その(A
)はレーザ光のエネルギー分布を示す線図、(B)は肉
盛用溝部の断面形状を示す断面図である。第5図はレー
ザ光照射による自動車エンジンバルブの肉盛時の状況を
示す略解的な正面図、第6図(A)、(B)はそれぞれ
従来法による肉感部の欠陥発生状況を示す断面図である
。
1・・・バルブ本体2、3・・・バルブフェース面、
4・・・溝部、 5・・・レーザ光、 6・・・肉盛部
。
出願人 トヨタ自動車株式会社
愛三工業株式会社Figures 1 (A) and (B) are miniatures showing an example of the energy distribution of laser light used for overlaying automobile engine valves, and Figure 2 shows half the curvature of the overlay surface! 3(A) and 3(B) are diagrams for explaining the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3(A) is a pictorial diagram showing the energy distribution of laser light. B) is a cross-sectional view showing the cross-sectional shape of the overlay groove, and FIGS.
) is a diagram showing the energy distribution of laser light, and (B) is a cross-sectional view showing the cross-sectional shape of the overlay groove. Fig. 5 is a schematic front view showing the state of overlaying of an automobile engine valve by laser beam irradiation, and Figs. 6 (A) and (B) are cross-sectional views showing the occurrence of defects in fleshy parts by conventional methods, respectively. It is. 1... Valve body 2, 3... Valve face surface,
4...Groove portion, 5...Laser beam, 6...Build-up portion. Applicant Toyota Motor Corporation Aisan Industries Co., Ltd.
Claims (2)
料とは異なる材料を肉盛した自動車用エンジンバルブに
おいて、 肉盛部の厚さのバルブ半径方向における分布が、肉盛の
ためのレーザ光の前記方向におけるエネルギー分布形状
に対応するように定められていることを特徴とする自動
車用エンジンバルブ。(1) In an automobile engine valve in which a material different from the valve body material is deposited on the valve face using a laser beam, the distribution of the thickness of the deposited portion in the valve radial direction is An engine valve for an automobile, characterized in that the valve is determined to correspond to an energy distribution shape in the above direction.
盛用の溝部を形成し、その肉盛用溝部にバルブ本体材料
とは異なる肉盛用材料の粉末を供給し、その粉末層表面
にレーザ光を照射しつつレーザ光を溝部に沿って相対的
に移動させて、肉盛用材料粉末を溶融・再凝固させるこ
とによりバルブフェースを肉盛する自動車用エンジンバ
ルブの製造方法において、 前記肉盛用溝部を形成するに先立ち、予め照射すべきレ
ーザ光の溝部横断方向におけるエネルギー分布形状を調
べておき、そのエネルギー分布形状を肉盛厚さの溝部横
断方向の分布に反映させるように肉盛用溝部を加工する
ことを特徴とする自動車用エンジンバルブの製造方法。(2) Form a groove for build-up on the part of the valve body that should become the valve face, supply powder of a build-up material different from the valve body material to the build-up groove, and apply a laser beam to the surface of the powder layer. A method for manufacturing an automobile engine valve in which a valve face is built up by melting and resolidifying a building material powder by relatively moving a laser beam along a groove while irradiating light, the building method comprising: Before forming the groove for overlay, the energy distribution shape of the laser beam to be irradiated in the cross direction of the groove is investigated, and the shape of the energy distribution is reflected in the distribution of the overlay thickness in the cross direction of the groove. A method for manufacturing an automobile engine valve, which comprises processing a groove.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60172649A JPS6234690A (en) | 1985-08-06 | 1985-08-06 | Engine valve for automobile and its production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60172649A JPS6234690A (en) | 1985-08-06 | 1985-08-06 | Engine valve for automobile and its production |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6234690A true JPS6234690A (en) | 1987-02-14 |
JPH0341272B2 JPH0341272B2 (en) | 1991-06-21 |
Family
ID=15945800
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP60172649A Granted JPS6234690A (en) | 1985-08-06 | 1985-08-06 | Engine valve for automobile and its production |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6234690A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5906294A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1999-05-25 | Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Powder supplying device utilizing an ultrasonic motor |
JP2008045808A (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2008-02-28 | T Rad Co Ltd | Heat exchanger |
US8418517B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2013-04-16 | Showa Denko K.K. | Method of manufacturing a pipe coupling component |
JP2013128973A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-07-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Laser beam buildup welding method |
CN103670575A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-26 | 上海高斯通船舶配件有限公司 | Air valve used for high-power gas engine and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS50121132A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-09-22 |
-
1985
- 1985-08-06 JP JP60172649A patent/JPS6234690A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS50121132A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-09-22 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5906294A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1999-05-25 | Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Powder supplying device utilizing an ultrasonic motor |
JP2008045808A (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2008-02-28 | T Rad Co Ltd | Heat exchanger |
US8418517B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2013-04-16 | Showa Denko K.K. | Method of manufacturing a pipe coupling component |
JP2013128973A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-07-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Laser beam buildup welding method |
CN103670575A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-26 | 上海高斯通船舶配件有限公司 | Air valve used for high-power gas engine and manufacturing method thereof |
CN103670575B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2016-06-08 | 上海高斯通船舶配件有限公司 | For air valve and its preparation method of high power gas engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0341272B2 (en) | 1991-06-21 |
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