JP3704870B2 - Cold forging welding method - Google Patents

Cold forging welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3704870B2
JP3704870B2 JP05976997A JP5976997A JP3704870B2 JP 3704870 B2 JP3704870 B2 JP 3704870B2 JP 05976997 A JP05976997 A JP 05976997A JP 5976997 A JP5976997 A JP 5976997A JP 3704870 B2 JP3704870 B2 JP 3704870B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
forged product
welding
cold
cold forged
cold forging
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JP05976997A
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JPH10235482A (en
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秀彰 白井
守 漆崎
希夫 木村
雅昭 多田
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Description

【０００１】
【技術分野】
本発明は，溶接品質に優れた冷間鍛造品の溶接方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来技術】
冷間鍛造加工は，金属素材を金型等により圧縮成型する加工方法であり，一般的に，金属素材に予め潤滑用のリン酸亜鉛被膜（ボンデ被膜）をコーティングした状態で行われる。得られる冷間鍛造品は，寸法精度に優れまた低コストでもあるため，種々の製品の部品として広く利用されている。また，冷間鍛造品は，他部材と溶接されて新たな部品を構成する場合もある。
ところで，リン酸亜鉛被膜の特性として，潤滑性，密着性及び展伸性がある。これらの特性を保つために被膜中には結晶水が含まれる。
【０００３】
そのため，冷間鍛造品と他部材とを溶接する際にこれらを直接溶接した場合には，冷間鍛造品の上記ボンデ被膜の存在によって，穴あき（ブローホール）等の欠陥が発生する。それ故，従来，冷間鍛造品と他部材とを溶接するに当たっては，冷間鍛造時に塗布された上記ボンデ被膜を除去する前処理が必ず行われていた。また，この前処理としては，切削加工，ショットピーニング，酸洗浄等の種々の被膜除去方法がある。
【０００４】
【解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら，上記従来の冷間鍛造品の溶接方法においては次の問題がある。即ち，上記切削加工によるボンデ被膜除去は切削コストが高く，また切削後の防錆処理に注意が必要である。また，上記ショットピーニングにおいては，ショット条件のばらつきにより，ボンデ被膜除去性が不十分となり，溶接品質が悪化する場合がある。
【０００５】
また，上記酸洗浄においては，洗浄後の水洗及び中和が不十分な場合に，母材における水素脆性や応力腐食割れ等が起こるおそれがある。また，この場合には上記切削加工の場合と同様に洗浄後の防錆処理が必要である。
つまり，従来の前処理は，不安定要素を多分に含み，ボンデ被膜除去が不十分になったり他の錆等の不具合を誘発するおそれがあった。
【０００６】
また，上記前処理は，冷間鍛造品の寸法仕上げの目的も兼ねていた面もあったが，近年の冷間鍛造技術の進歩による寸法精度の向上によりこの面からの前処理の必要性は薄れた。
そのため，例えばスポット溶接やプロジェクション溶接のように溶接部材を溶融させることなく接合する固相接合においては，上記ボンデ被膜を除去する前処理を行わずに溶接する方法も実際にとられている。
【０００７】
しかしながら，レーザ溶接においては，高密度高エネルギーを用いて接合部材を溶融し，接合するため，上記の結晶水のごとき低融点成分が存在するとこれがベーパライトしてブローホールになりやすい。そのため，かかるレーザ溶接のように溶接すべき２種の部材の溶接部分を互いに溶融させる溶融接合においては，上記のブローホール発生等の溶接品質の問題から，ボンデ被膜を除去せずに直接溶接する例はなかった。
そのため，ボンデ被膜を除去する従来の前処理に替わる簡易な前処理方法により，いわば直接的に溶融接合できる方法の開発が望まれていた。
【０００８】
本発明は，かかる従来の問題に鑑みてなされたもので，溶接品質を確実に改善することができ，かつ，直接的に溶融溶接することができる，冷間鍛造品の溶接方法を提供しようとするものである。
【０００９】
【課題の解決手段】
請求項１の発明は，冷間鍛造加工用の金属素材の表面にＺｎ3 （ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏ又はＺｎ2 Ｆｅ（ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏからなるボンデ被膜を形成し，
次いで上記金属素材に冷間鍛造加工を施して冷間鍛造品を作製し，
次いで該冷間鍛造品に対して他部材を重ね合わせ，溶接所望部分にレーザ光を照射して上記冷間鍛造品と上記他部材を部分的に溶融させると共に両者の材料が互いに混合した溶接部分を形成するレーザ溶接を行うに当たり，
上記冷間鍛造品における少なくとも上記溶接所望部分を１００〜５００℃に加熱する熱処理を行い，上記ボンデ被膜中の上記結晶水を解離させると共にこれを放出させ，その後，上記溶接所望部分にレーザ光を照射してレーザ溶接を行うことを特徴とする冷間鍛造品の溶接方法にある。
【００１０】
本発明において最も注目すべきことは，上記レーザ溶接を行う前に，冷間鍛造品における少なくとも上記溶接所望部分を１００〜５００℃に加熱する熱処理を行うことである。そして，この熱処理により，上記ボンデ被膜中の上記結晶水を解離させると共にこれを放出させることである。
【００１１】
上記熱処理における加熱温度が１００℃未満の場合には，ボンデ被膜中の結晶水が十分に解離しないという問題があり，一方，５００℃を超える場合には，鍛造品自体の性質を変化させるおそれがあるという問題がある。
また，上記熱処理は，例えば，加熱炉内に保持する方法や，高周波加熱，電子ビーム等の照射による加熱など，種々の方法により行うことができる。
また，上記熱処理は，少なくとも冷間鍛造品の溶接所望部分に対して行う。なお，後述するごとく，冷間鍛造品の全体を熱処理しても差し支えない。
【００１２】
上記冷間鍛造加工用の金属素材へのボンデ被膜の形成は，従来より一般的に行われている方法により行う。例えば，上記金属素材を脱脂洗浄後，リン酸亜鉛を含有する化成処理液を用いてスプレー又はディップ処理することにより，金属素材表面にボンデ被膜を形成する。
また，上記レーザ溶接は，公知のごとく，上記冷間鍛造品及び他部材の寸法に適した出力のレーザ光を溶接所望部分に照射することにより行う。
【００１３】
次に，本発明の作用につき説明する。
本発明の冷間鍛造品の溶接方法においては，レーザ溶接を行う前に，冷間鍛造品に対して上記熱処理を行う。これにより，冷間鍛造品の表面に形成されていたＺｎ3 （ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏ又はＺｎ2 Ｆｅ（ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏよりなるボンデ被膜は，その結晶水が解離して放出された状態となる。
【００１４】
次いで，上記冷間鍛造品と他部材とを重ね合わせてレーザ光を照射することにより，冷間鍛造品と他部材の溶接部分が互いに溶融して混ざり合う。このとき，結晶水が解離したボンデ被膜は，上記の溶融部分に分散すると考えられるが，結晶水（Ｈ2 Ｏ）を含有していないため，ベーパライトすることがない。
【００１５】
そのため，従来のように溶接部分にブローホール等が発生することがなく，溶接品質に優れた溶接継ぎ手が形成される。
このように，本発明においては，上記熱処理をレーザ溶接前に施すことにより，確実に溶接品質を確保することができ，しかも，ボンデ被膜を実質上除去することなく直接的に溶融接合することができる。
それ故，本発明によれば，溶接品質を確実に改善することができ，かつ直接的に溶融溶接することができる，冷間鍛造品の溶接方法を提供することができる。
【００１６】
次に，上記レーザ光としては，ＣＯ2 レーザその他の種々のレーザ光を利用することができるが，請求項２の発明のように，上記レーザ光はＹＡＧレーザを用いることもできる。
【００１７】
また，請求項３の発明のように，上記熱処理は上記冷間鍛造品の全体を加熱することもできる。例えば，冷間鍛造品の外形が小さい場合には，溶接所望部分を部分的に熱処理するよりも冷間鍛造品の全体を加熱する方が合理的な場合もあり，適宜最適な加熱方法をとることができる。
【００１８】
また，上記熱処理は，冷間鍛造品を他部材と重ね合せる前に単独で行ってもよいし，冷間鍛造品と他部材とを重ね合わせた状態でレーザ光照射前に行ってもよい。
【００１９】
【発明の実施の形態】
実施形態例１
本発明の実施形態例にかかる冷間鍛造品の溶接方法につき，図１〜図４を用いて説明する。
本例の冷間鍛造品の溶接方法は，図１に示すごとく円柱状の冷間鍛造品１と，管状の他部材２とを重ね合わせて溶接する場合の例である。
【００２０】
まず，冷間鍛造品１を作製するに当たっては，冷間鍛造加工用の金属素材の表面にＺｎ3 （ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏからなるボンデ被膜を形成する。具体的には，金属素材を脱脂洗浄後，リン酸亜鉛を含有した溶液にディップ処理して，表面に上記Ｚｎ3 （ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏからなるボンデ被膜を形成した。
【００２１】
次いで，ボンデ被膜を伴った金属素材に冷間鍛造加工を施して冷間鍛造品１を作製した。本例の冷間鍛造品１は，図１に示すごとく，鋼製の中実丸棒である。また，他部材２としては，冷間鍛造品１をスムーズに挿入することができるサイズの鋼管を準備した。
【００２２】
そして，レーザ溶接を行う前に，冷間鍛造品１の少なくとも溶接所望部分１０を熱処理する。本例においては，冷間鍛造品１全体を空気雰囲気の加熱炉内に装入し，温度４００℃に加熱する熱処理を行った。
これにより，冷間鍛造品１の表面のボンデ被膜は，その結晶水が解離され放出された状態となる。
【００２３】
次に，図２に示すごとく，冷間鍛造品１を他部材２に挿入してこれらを重ね合わせ，他部材２の溶接所望部分２０の外周面にＹＡＧレーザ８を照射した。これにより，冷間鍛造品１と他部材２を部分的に溶融させると共に両者の材料が互いに混合した溶接部分１５が形成された。
【００２４】
図３には，得られた溶接部分１５の外観を示す。また，図４には，溶接部分１５の断面状態を示す。図３，図４より知られるごとく，溶接部分１５は，ブローホール等の発生がなく非常に優れた品質状態を呈していた。
これにより，従来行っていた切削加工等の前処理を省略することができ，冷間鍛造品１と他部材２との接合コストを大幅に削減することができる。
【００２５】
比較例
次に，上記実施形態例１の効果をさらに明確にすべく，比較として上記熱処理を行わなずに直接冷間鍛造品１と他部材２とをレーザ溶接した。その他の条件は実施形態例１と同様にした。
本比較例により得られた溶接部分９５の外観状態及び断面状態を，それぞれ図５，図６に示す。図５，図６より知られるごとく，本比較例の場合には，ブローホール９９が点在し，溶接品質の悪い溶接部分９５が形成された。
【００２６】
上記実施形態例１及び比較例の結果から，冷間鍛造品に対して溶接前に上記熱処理を行うことが，ボンデ被膜を有する冷間鍛造品の溶融接合の品質改善に多大な効果を発揮することが確認された。
なお，上記他部材２が冷間鍛造品である場合には，この他部材２の溶接所望部分に対して上記と同様の熱処理を行うことにより上記と同様の効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施形態例１における，冷間鍛造品と他部材とを示す説明図。
【図２】実施形態例１における，冷間鍛造品と他部材との重ね合わせ状態を示す，（Ａ）断面図，（Ｂ）正面図。
【図３】実施形態例１における，溶接部分の外観状態を示す説明図。
【図４】実施形態例１における，溶接部分の断面状態を示す説明図。
【図５】比較例における，溶接部分の外観状態を示す説明図。
【図６】比較例における，溶接部分の断面状態を示す説明図。
【符号の説明】
１．．．冷間鍛造品，
１０．．．溶接所望部分，
１５．．．溶接部分，
２．．．他部材，[0001]
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a method for welding a cold forged product excellent in welding quality.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Cold forging is a processing method in which a metal material is compression-molded with a mold or the like, and is generally performed in a state where a zinc phosphate coating (bonding coating) for lubrication is coated on the metal material in advance. The obtained cold forged products are widely used as parts of various products because of their excellent dimensional accuracy and low cost. In addition, a cold forged product may be welded to another member to form a new part.
By the way, the properties of zinc phosphate coating include lubricity, adhesion and spreadability. In order to maintain these characteristics, crystal water is contained in the coating.
[0003]
Therefore, when the cold forged product and other members are welded directly, defects such as perforations (blow holes) occur due to the presence of the above-mentioned bond film of the cold forged product. Therefore, conventionally, when welding a cold forged product and another member, a pretreatment for removing the above-described bond film applied during cold forging has always been performed. As the pretreatment, there are various film removal methods such as cutting, shot peening, and acid cleaning.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved]
However, the conventional cold forging welding method has the following problems. That is, the removal of the bonder film by the above-described cutting process is expensive in cutting, and attention must be paid to the rust prevention treatment after cutting. Further, in the above shot peening, due to variations in shot conditions, the bond film removability becomes insufficient and the welding quality may deteriorate.
[0005]
In the above acid cleaning, hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking may occur in the base metal when the water washing and neutralization after washing are insufficient. Further, in this case, the rust prevention treatment after cleaning is necessary as in the case of the cutting process.
In other words, the conventional pretreatment has a lot of unstable elements, and there is a possibility that the bond film removal becomes insufficient and other problems such as rust are induced.
[0006]
In addition, the above pre-treatment also served as the purpose of dimensional finishing of cold forgings. However, the need for pre-treatment from this aspect has been improved due to the improvement of dimensional accuracy due to recent advances in cold forging technology. Faded.
For this reason, for example, in solid-phase joining in which welding members are joined without melting, such as spot welding or projection welding, a method of welding without performing the pretreatment for removing the above-mentioned bond coat is also actually taken.
[0007]
However, in laser welding, since a joining member is melted and joined using high density and high energy, if there is a low melting point component such as the above-mentioned crystal water, this tends to vaporize and become blowholes. Therefore, in the case of fusion bonding in which the welded parts of two kinds of members to be welded are melted together as in such laser welding, direct welding is performed without removing the bonder film due to the above-mentioned problem of welding quality such as blowhole generation. There were no examples.
Therefore, it has been desired to develop a method that can be directly melt-bonded by a simple pretreatment method that replaces the conventional pretreatment for removing the bonder film.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for welding a cold forged product that can reliably improve the welding quality and can be directly melt welded. To do.
[0009]
[Means for solving problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a bond film made of Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O or Zn 2 Fe (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O is formed on the surface of a metal material for cold forging.
Next, cold forging is performed on the metal material to produce a cold forged product,
Next, another member is superposed on the cold forged product, and a laser beam is irradiated on the desired welded portion to partially melt the cold forged product and the other member, and a welded portion in which both materials are mixed with each other In performing laser welding to form
A heat treatment is performed to heat at least the desired welded portion in the cold forged product to 100 to 500 ° C. to dissociate and release the crystal water in the bond coat, and then laser light is applied to the desired welded portion. The present invention relates to a welding method for cold forgings, characterized by performing laser welding by irradiation.
[0010]
What should be noted most in the present invention is to perform a heat treatment for heating at least the desired welded portion of the cold forged product to 100 to 500 ° C. before performing the laser welding. And, by this heat treatment, the crystal water in the bond film is dissociated and released.
[0011]
If the heating temperature in the heat treatment is less than 100 ° C., there is a problem that the crystal water in the bond film is not sufficiently dissociated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 ° C., the property of the forged product itself may be changed. There is a problem that there is.
The heat treatment can be performed by various methods such as a method of holding in a heating furnace, high-frequency heating, or heating by irradiation with an electron beam.
The heat treatment is performed on at least the desired welded portion of the cold forged product. As will be described later, the entire cold forged product may be heat-treated.
[0012]
The bond film is formed on the metal material for cold forging by a method that is generally performed conventionally. For example, after degreasing and washing the metal material, a bond film is formed on the surface of the metal material by spraying or dipping using a chemical conversion treatment solution containing zinc phosphate.
Further, as is well known, the laser welding is performed by irradiating the desired welding portion with laser light having an output suitable for the dimensions of the cold forged product and other members.
[0013]
Next, the operation of the present invention will be described.
In the cold forging product welding method of the present invention, the heat treatment is performed on the cold forging product before laser welding. As a result, the bond water film made of Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O or Zn 2 Fe (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O formed on the surface of the cold forging product has its crystal water dissociated. Will be released.
[0014]
Next, the cold forged product and the other member are overlapped with each other and irradiated with laser light, so that the welded portions of the cold forged product and the other member are melted and mixed with each other. At this time, it is considered that the bond film from which the crystal water is dissociated is dispersed in the melted portion, but it does not vaporize because it does not contain crystal water (H 2 O).
[0015]
For this reason, a blow hole or the like does not occur in the welded portion as in the conventional case, and a weld joint having excellent weld quality is formed.
As described above, in the present invention, by performing the heat treatment before laser welding, it is possible to reliably ensure the welding quality, and it is possible to directly perform the melt bonding without substantially removing the bonder film. it can.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for welding a cold forged product that can reliably improve the welding quality and can be directly melt welded.
[0016]
Next, as the laser beam, various laser beams such as a CO 2 laser can be used. As in the invention of claim 2, the laser beam can be a YAG laser.
[0017]
Further, as in the invention of claim 3, the heat treatment can heat the entire cold forged product. For example, if the outer shape of the cold forged product is small, it may be more reasonable to heat the entire cold forged product than partially heat-treating the desired welded part. be able to.
[0018]
The heat treatment may be performed alone before the cold forged product is overlapped with the other member, or may be performed before the laser light irradiation in a state where the cold forged product and the other member are overlapped.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1
A cold forging welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The cold forging product welding method of this example is an example in which the cylindrical cold forging product 1 and the tubular other member 2 are overlapped and welded as shown in FIG.
[0020]
First, in producing the cold forged product 1, a bond film made of Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O is formed on the surface of a metal material for cold forging. Specifically, the metal material was degreased and washed and then dipped in a solution containing zinc phosphate to form a bond film composed of Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O on the surface.
[0021]
Next, a cold forging product 1 was produced by subjecting a metal material with a bondage coating to cold forging. The cold forged product 1 of this example is a solid steel round bar as shown in FIG. Moreover, as the other member 2, a steel pipe having a size capable of smoothly inserting the cold forged product 1 was prepared.
[0022]
And before performing laser welding, at least the welding desired part 10 of the cold forging product 1 is heat-treated. In this example, the cold forged product 1 as a whole was placed in a heating furnace in an air atmosphere and subjected to heat treatment to be heated to a temperature of 400 ° C.
Thereby, the bond film on the surface of the cold forged product 1 is in a state in which the crystal water is dissociated and released.
[0023]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the cold forging product 1 was inserted into the other member 2 and these were superposed, and the outer peripheral surface of the desired welding portion 20 of the other member 2 was irradiated with the YAG laser 8. As a result, the cold forged product 1 and the other member 2 were partially melted, and a welded portion 15 in which both materials were mixed with each other was formed.
[0024]
FIG. 3 shows the appearance of the obtained welded portion 15. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional state of the welded portion 15. As is known from FIGS. 3 and 4, the welded portion 15 exhibited a very excellent quality state without the occurrence of blowholes or the like.
Thereby, pre-processing such as cutting that has been conventionally performed can be omitted, and the cost of joining the cold forged product 1 and the other member 2 can be greatly reduced.
[0025]
Comparative Example Next, in order to further clarify the effect of the first embodiment, the cold forged product 1 and the other member 2 were directly laser welded without performing the heat treatment as a comparison. Other conditions were the same as those in the first embodiment.
The appearance state and the cross-sectional state of the welded portion 95 obtained by this comparative example are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. As known from FIGS. 5 and 6, in the case of this comparative example, the blow holes 99 are dotted, and the welded portions 95 with poor welding quality are formed.
[0026]
From the results of the first embodiment and the comparative example, performing the above heat treatment on the cold forged product before welding exerts a great effect on improving the quality of the melt-bonded cold forged product having the bond film. It was confirmed.
When the other member 2 is a cold forged product, the same effect as described above can be obtained by performing the same heat treatment as above on the desired welded portion of the other member 2.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a cold forged product and other members in Embodiment 1;
FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view and FIG. 2B is a front view showing a superposed state of a cold forged product and another member in Embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an appearance state of a welded part in the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a cross-sectional state of a welded portion in the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an appearance state of a welded portion in a comparative example.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a cross-sectional state of a welded portion in a comparative example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. . . Cold forging products,
10. . . Desired welding part,
15. . . Welded part,
2. . . Other members,

Claims (3)

冷間鍛造加工用の金属素材の表面にＺｎ3 （ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏ又はＺｎ2 Ｆｅ（ＰＯ4 ）2 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏからなるボンデ被膜を形成し，
次いで上記金属素材に冷間鍛造加工を施して冷間鍛造品を作製し，
次いで該冷間鍛造品に対して他部材を重ね合わせ，溶接所望部分にレーザ光を照射して上記冷間鍛造品と上記他部材を部分的に溶融させると共に両者の材料が互いに混合した溶接部分を形成するレーザ溶接を行うに当たり，
上記冷間鍛造品における少なくとも上記溶接所望部分を１００〜５００℃に加熱する熱処理を行い，上記ボンデ被膜中の上記結晶水を解離させると共にこれを放出させ，
その後，上記溶接所望部分にレーザ光を照射してレーザ溶接を行うことを特徴とする冷間鍛造品の溶接方法。A bond film made of Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O or Zn 2 Fe (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O is formed on the surface of the metal material for cold forging,
Next, cold forging is performed on the metal material to produce a cold forged product,
Next, another member is superposed on the cold forged product, and a laser beam is irradiated on the desired welded portion to partially melt the cold forged product and the other member, and a welded portion in which both materials are mixed with each other When performing laser welding to form
Performing a heat treatment of heating at least the desired welded portion of the cold forged product to 100 to 500 ° C., dissociating and releasing the crystal water in the bonder film,
Then, the welding method of the cold forging goods characterized by performing laser welding by irradiating the said welding desired part with a laser beam. 請求項１において，上記レーザ光はＹＡＧレーザであることを特徴とする冷間鍛造品の溶接方法。2. The method for welding a cold forged product according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is a YAG laser. 請求項１又は２において，上記熱処理は上記冷間鍛造品の全体を加熱することを特徴とする冷間鍛造品の溶接方法。3. The method for welding a cold forged product according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment heats the entire cold forged product.
JP05976997A 1997-02-26 1997-02-26 Cold forging welding method Expired - Fee Related JP3704870B2 (en)

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