JPS6231221B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a transmission mechanism used in a transmission including a main gear box and an auxiliary gear box mounted on a vehicle, for example, an automobile.

In recent years, trucks have been driven in urban areas, highways, rough terrain, etc., or in other words, under a variety of driving conditions, so the main transmission used in these trucks has been・It is composed of a gear box and an auger gear box, and has been designed to obtain a large reduction ratio.

Also, if the manual transmission mechanism of such a transmission uses a known transmission gear shift pattern for the gear shift and select lever, the gear shift and select lever - With the increase in lever movement, ie, speed gate position, the space of the speed gate pattern becomes very large, which is very disadvantageous in design and operation.

Therefore, conventionally, manual transmission mechanisms have been mechanically, electrically, mechanically, or fluid-mechanically operated in order to enable gear shifting operations without increasing the space of the speed gate pattern. However, the structure has tended to become more complex in order to satisfy easier shift operation and higher certainty and reliability of the shift operation.

The object of this invention is to be able to reduce the space of the speed gate pattern required for the movement of the gear shift and select lever, and to obtain a large reduction ratio, in other words, to greatly reduce the speed gate pattern space required for the movement of the gear shift and select lever. It is possible to shift into many gears, prevent gear shifting errors without relying on the driver's advanced operating skills, and enable gear shifting operations with high certainty and reliability. It prevents damage and does not interfere with the operation of the vehicle, it also makes the gear shifting operation easy and simple, and it also enables quick gear shifting operation, and in addition, it protects the driver's physical and mental health. An object of the present invention is to provide a transmission mechanism used in a transmission equipped with a main gear box and an auxiliary gear box, which reduces physical fatigue.

To solve these problems, the transmission mechanism used in the transmission of the present invention is of a range shift type, and at least changes from a low speed range to a high speed range, and from a high speed range to a low speed range. The range shift is configured so that it is clearly sensed by the driver, i.e. multiple gear shift switches located in the main gear box.
a shaft, a plurality of gear shift forks held on the gear shift shaft, and a plurality of gear shift forks disposed on the main gear box and arranged on the main gear box;
projecting longitudinally at predetermined intervals to selectively shift the plurality of gear shift forks along with the gear shift shaft in response to operation of the shift and select lever; A shift and select shaft having at least two shift levers, a low speed side and a high speed range switching cam disposed on the shift and select shaft, and a gear A shift fork, a hydraulic actuator for shifting the gear shift fork of its augical gear box, and a main gear disposed in a fluid pressure piping connecting the hydraulic actuator to a fluid pressure source.・A directional switching valve unit that is operated by its low-speed and high-speed range switching cams in accordance with the movement of the shift and select shaft of the box;
a plurality of hydraulic daytents located on the shift and select shaft of the main gear box in an axial shift position corresponding to the speed gate position of the gear shift and select lever;・The configuration includes devices.

Hereinafter, preferred specific examples of the transmission mechanism used in the transmission according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Figures 1-4 show the main gear box 91 and the augmentary gear box 91 for the truck.
1 shows a preferred embodiment 10 of the transmission mechanism of the present invention, which is applied to a transmission 90 that is configured as a range shift type and includes a gear box 92. Further, a range shift type transmission 90 to which the transmission mechanism 10 is applied is configured as a synchronous mesh type with nine forward speeds and one reverse speed.

The transmission mechanism 10 includes a plurality of gear shift shafts 11, 12, 13 arranged in a main gear box 91, and a plurality of gear shift shafts 11, 12, 13 held by the gear shift shafts 11, 12, 13. a shift fork (not shown) and a plurality of shift heads 14, 15, 16 held on its gear shift shafts 11, 12, 13;
A shift and select shaft 17 with two shift levers 18, 19 selectively engaged with its shift heads 14, 15, 16.
and its shift and select shaft 1
7, a gear shift and select lever 20 linked to the gear shift and select shaft 17, a low-speed side and a high-speed side range switching cam 21 disposed on the shift and select shaft 17, and an automatic gear box 92. The arranged gear shift fork 22 and the gear shift fork 22 of its auxiliary gear box 92
a fluid pressure actuator 23 that operates to shift the
Fluid pressure source 24 for its actuator 23
, a directional valve unit 25 for its hydraulic actuator 23, and a shift and select switch for its main gear box 91.
It includes a plurality of hydraulic detent devices 26 and 27 disposed on the shaft 17, a gear slippage prevention mechanism (not shown), and a double engagement prevention mechanism (not shown). The double mesh prevention mechanism is of a commonly used structure, and is interlocked with the hydraulic actuator 23 of the augmentary gear box 92.

The gear shift shaft 11, 12, 13
are for reverse and very low speeds (R, C), for 1st and 2nd gears - 5th and 6th gears, and for 3rd gears.
and 4th speed - 7th speed and 8th speed, and is located on the case cover 93 of the main gear box 91.

A plurality of gear shift forks are connected to corresponding gear shift shafts 1 within the case (not shown) of its main gear box 91.
1, 12, and 13, the coupling sleeve on the output shaft spline is slid, the output shaft gear idly rotating on the output shaft is meshed with the output shaft, and the power is transmitted to the auxiliary gear box 92 side. doing.

A plurality of shift heads 14, 15, 16 are arranged for the gear shift fork in a predetermined position on the gear shift shaft 11, 1.
2, 13, and shift levers 18, 19
so that the tip of the shift lever 1 can be engaged.
8, 19 allows the gear shift fork of the main gear box 91 to be shifted via the gear shift shaft 11, 12, 13.

The shift heads 14, 15, 16 have a pair of protruding corners 29, 30 at appropriate intervals to receive the tips of the shift levers 18, 19.
It has a yoke portion 28 consisting of. It is of course also possible for one of the shift heads 14, 15, 16 to be integrally formed on the top of the corresponding gear shift fork.

Shift and select shaft 17 is
Main gear box 91 case cover 9
3, that is, arranged in a control box 94 formed in the case cover 93, and linked to the gear shift and select lever 20 via the crank 31, gear shift bar (not shown), etc. connected.

The shift and select shaft 17
is provided with two shift levers 18 and 19 protruding at a predetermined interval in the length direction,
The gear shift and select lever 2
0, the gear shift shafts 11, 12, 13 as well as the plurality of gear shift forks are selectively shiftable.

The bosses 32 of the shift levers 18 and 19 have protruding teeth 33, and the gear shift and
Tooth 3 of steady rest 34 for select lever 20
It is meshed with 5.

Gear shift and select lever 20
passes through a speed gate pattern (not shown) located on the cab floor of the truck, pivots its lower end into a box (not shown) located on the cab floor, and controls its speed.・Each speed, gate, and position of the gate pattern can be manually operated.

The low speed side and high speed side range switching cams 21 are
For the directional valve unit 25, it is fitted in position on the shift and select shaft 17 and is screwed onto the shift and select shaft 17. Of course, the range switching cam 21 is provided with low speed side and high speed side cam surfaces 36 and 37.

The gear shift fork 22 of the auxiliary gear box 92 is
It is arranged in the case (not shown) of the gear box 92, and range-shifts from low speed to high speed and from high speed to low speed, and its automatic gear
The gear mesh of the box 92 can be changed. Of course, that gear shift fork 22
is the operating rod 40 of the fluid pressure actuator 23.
The range is shifted by the hydraulic actuator 23.

The fluid pressure actuator 23 is configured as an air cylinder, and includes a cylinder 38 formed in the case cover 95 of the auxiliary gear box 92, a piston 39 fitted in the cylinder 38 so as to be able to reciprocate, and It consists of an operating rod 40 with one end fixed to the piston 39, and connects the low-speed side and high-speed side cylinder chambers 41, 42 of the cylinder 38 to the fluid pressure source 24 via a fluid pressure pipe, that is, a pneumatic pipe 43. There is.

To be more specific, the air cylinder 2
3 connects the low-speed and high-speed side pipes 45 and 46 of the pneumatic pipe 43 branched by the direction switching valve unit 25 to the low-speed and high-speed side cylinder chambers 41 and 42, respectively, via connectors (not shown). Connect and range shift the shift fork 22 of the automatic gear box 92. In addition, here, in order to facilitate later explanation and understanding, the piping section from the fluid pressure source 24 to the direction switching valve unit 25 in the pneumatic piping 43 will be described as the supply side piping 43.
Call it 4.

The fluid pressure source 24 is an air pressure source, and is comprised of a compressor and an air tank driven by an engine mounted on the truck.

The direction switching valve unit 25 is arranged so that the range switching cam 21 faces the main gear.
It is located in control box 94 of box 91.

The directional valve unit 25 includes a valve housing 47 screwed to the control box 94, and low-speed and high-speed valves formed in the valve housing 47.
Bore 48, 49 and its valve bore 48, 49
valve seats 54 and 55 formed in the valve bores 48 and 49, respectively, so as to partition the valve chambers into inlet and outlet valve chambers 50, 51 and 52, 53, respectively;
4, 55, valve plates 56, 57 are arranged in the inlet side valve chambers 50, 52, respectively, and the outlet side valve chambers 51, 5.
Valve spools 58 and 59 are reciprocally slid within the valve spools 58 and 5, respectively.
push rods 60, 61 for the valve plates 56, 57, valve springs 62, 63 arranged in the inlet valve chambers 50, 52, respectively; 59, the outlet side valve chamber 5
1 and 53, respectively.

The directional valve unit 25 also includes an inlet 66, low speed side and high speed side outlets 67, 6.
8, an exhaust port 69, and communication holes 70, 71 on the inlet side and outlet side are formed in the valve housing 47, and the inlet 66 connects the supply side piping 44 via a connector, and also connects the low speed side and high speed side The outlets 67 and 68 connect the low speed side and high speed side pipes 45 and 46 via connectors, and the inlet side communication hole 70 connects the inlet side valve chambers 50 and 52, and
The outlet side communication hole 71 communicates the outlet side valve chambers 51 and 53 with each other.

The valve spools 58, 59 of the directional valve unit 25 also include conduits 72,
73 are formed respectively, and the conduits 72, 73 are formed respectively.
When the push rods 60, 61 are on the inclined portions of the cam surfaces 36, 37 of the range switching cam 21, the valve spools 58, 59 are in the valve position.
The push rods 60, 61 are pressed down by the springs 64, 65, so that the outlet side valve chambers 51, 53 are connected to the exhaust port 69, and the push rods 60, 61 are pressed down to the top of the cam surfaces 36, 37 of the range switching cam 21. When in contact, the valve spool 58,
59 is the valve spring 62, 63 and 6
4,65 against valve plates 56,57
The valve plate 5 is pushed up with
6,57. At that time, the valve
Plates 56, 57 are valve seats 54, 55
The valve chambers 50, 52 on the inlet side are connected to the valve chambers 51, 53 on the outlet side.

The hydraulic detent devices 26 and 27 are
Speed gate position of the gear shift and select lever 20 in the speed gate pattern (3-4, 5-6)
is located in the control box 94 of the main gear box 91 in an axial shift position corresponding to . That is,
The detent devices 26, 27 are located in the control box 94 corresponding to the recesses 82, 83 formed on the shift and select shaft 17.

The detent devices 26, 27 are comprised of balls 74, 75 and air cylinders 76, 77 that constantly press the balls 74, 75 against the outer peripheral surface of the shift and select shaft 17.

The air cylinder 76 is connected to the low speed side branch piping 84 of the low speed side piping 45 for the fluid pressure actuator 23, and the air cylinder 77 is connected to the high speed side of the high speed side piping 46 for the fluid pressure actuator 23. They are connected to branch pipes 85, respectively.

The air cylinders 76, 77 are connected to sockets 9 formed in the control box 94.
6,97 and is screwed to the control box 94 of the cylinder block 78.
and a piston 80 fitted in a cylinder bore 79 formed in the cylinder block 78 so as to be able to reciprocate and slide.
A push rod 81 for pushing the balls 74, 75 is integrally formed on the 0. Of course, the piston 80 could also be configured as a plunger, in which case the push rod 81 would be omitted.

The recesses 82, 83 cooperating with the detent devices 26, 27 prevent the sudden increase of the deterrent force (F) on the shift and select shaft 17, which is felt on the gear shift and select lever 20. It is equipped with an inclined surface so that a change occurs.

The transmission mechanism 10 further includes a compression spring 86 disposed on the shift and select shaft 17, and detent devices 26, 27 cooperated with the recesses 82, 83 to perform the shift and select shaft 17. The deterrent force (F) generated on the select shaft 17 allows for sudden and distinct changes to occur.

Next, the operation of the transmission mechanism 10 of the present invention configured as described above will be explained.

The above-mentioned transmission mechanism 10 uses a main gear box 91 with 4 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed as 2nd speed to create forward speeds including a super low speed (C) and 1 reverse speed (R). Ultra low speed (C), 1st to 4th speed (1-
4) and reverse (R) are low speed ranges, and 5th to 8th speeds (5-8) are high speed ranges, and accordingly, the speed gate pattern of the main gear box 91 is used repeatedly for the gear shift and select lever 20, and this transmission mechanism 10
As shown in FIG. 4, the inhibiting force generated on the shift and select shaft 17 when the range is shifted from the low speed range to the high speed range and from the high speed range to the low speed range.
(F) so that there is a sudden change in gear shift and select lever 2.
I try to make it feel like 0.

If the gear shift and select lever 20 is now operated and the shift and select shaft 17 is in the state shown in FIG. at the top of the cam surface 36;
Furthermore, since the push rod 61 is located on the inclined portion of the high-speed side cam surface 37 of the range switching cam 21, for the low-speed side valve bore 48,
Valve plate 56 and valve spool 5
8 is pushed up against the valve springs 62, 64, the low-speed side outlet 67 is connected to the inlet 66, while the high-speed side valve bore 49 is
Valve plate 57 and valve spool 5
9 is pushed down by valve springs 63 and 65, and the high-speed side outlet 68 is cut off from the inlet 66 and communicated with the exhaust port 69. As such, the directional valve unit 25 is switched by the low-speed and high-speed range switching cams 21, so that the low-speed cylinder chamber 4 of the air cylinder 23
1, compressed air is supplied from the air tank 24 via the supply side piping 44 and the low speed side piping 45, and is also supplied to the high speed side cylinder chamber 42 of the air cylinder 23.
The compressed air inside passes through the high-speed side piping 46 to the exhaust port 69.
is emitted into the atmosphere from
The gear shift fork 22 of BOX 92 is
As shown in FIG. 1, the speed range is shifted to the low speed range. Therefore, the main gear box 91 uses the gear shift and select lever 20 to perform gear shifting operations, i.e., to very low speed (C), 1st to 4th speeds (1-4), and reverse (R). ,shift·
AND SELECT is operated. In the state shown in FIG. 1, the shift lever 18 is engaged with the shift head 16, so that the gear shift fork of the gear shift shaft 13 is operated by the gear shift and select lever 20. Shift to 3rd or 4th gear depending on the speed.

Also, during the gear change operation of the transmission 90 in this low speed range, the directional control valve
By means of the unit 25, compressed air is supplied to the hydraulic detent device 26 from the air tank 24, and compressed air is cut off from the air tank 24 to the hydraulic detent device 27, and the compressed air is removed from the atmosphere. ball 7.
4 is pressed into the recess 82 by the air cylinder 76, and the ball 75 is released from the pressing force of the air cylinder 77 and is located on the outer circumferential surface of the shift and select shaft 17, so that the shift On the and select shaft 17, in FIG.
A deterrent force (F) shown at 01 is applied by the hydraulic detent devices 26, 27 and is felt by the gear shift and select lever 20.

Next, in this transmission 90,
When shifting from fourth speed (4) to fifth speed (5), a range shift is performed from a low speed range to a high speed range. That is, gear shift and
The select lever 20 shifts the shift and select shaft 17 from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the state shown in FIG.

As such, its shift and select
When the shaft 17 is shifted, the push rod 61 switches between the low speed and high speed range switching cams 2.
Since the push rod 60 is located at the top of the high speed side cam surface 37 of the range switching cam 21 and the push rod 60 is located at the sloped portion of the low speed side cam surface 36 of the range switching cam 21, the high speed side valve bore 49 Plate 57 and valve spool 59
is pushed up against the valve springs 63, 65, the high-speed side outlet 68 is connected to the inlet 66,
On the other hand, in the case of the low-speed side valve bore 48, the valve plate 56 and the valve spool 58 are pushed down by the valve springs 62, 64, and the low-speed side outlet 67 is blocked from the inlet 66.
It is connected to the exhaust port 69. As the direction switching valve unit 25 is switched by the range switching cam 21, compressed air is supplied to the high speed side cylinder chamber 42 of the air cylinder 23 via the supply side pipe 44 and the high speed side pipe 46. It is supplied from the air tank 24 and also from the air cylinder 2.
The compressed air in the low-speed cylinder chamber 41 of No. 3 is discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust port 69 through the low-speed side piping 45.
The gear shift fork 22 of the automatic gear box 92 is as shown in FIG.
Shifted to high speed range.

In addition, the Augisiriari Gear Box 9
2 is shifted from the low-speed range to the high-speed range, by the low-speed and high-speed range switching cams 21,
As the directional valve unit 25 is switched, compressed air begins to be supplied to the hydraulic detent device 27 and compressed air begins to be supplied to the hydraulic detent device 26. In the detent device 27, the ball 75 is shifted and selected along the slope under the air cylinder 77 in the process of supplying compressed air. - is pushed into the recess 83 from the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 17, while in its detent device 26,
The ball 74 is connected to the air in the process of discharging compressed air.
Below the cylinder 76, along the inclined surface, from the recess 82 its shift and select shaft 17.
It is pushed out to the outer peripheral surface of.

At this time, on the shift and select shaft 17, a deterrent force (F) shown in the section 102 of the deterrent force curve in FIG. 4 is applied by the hydraulic detent devices 26, 27. , the deterrent force (F) is a relatively strong force that causes a sudden rise in gear shift and select.
It is felt by the lever 20 and the augerial
It is confirmed in the gear box 92 that the range has been reliably shifted from the low speed range to the high speed range.

Therefore, the main gear box 91 is gear
A shift and select lever 20 performs a gear change operation, that is, a shift and select operation from fifth to eighth speeds (5-8). In the state shown in FIG. 2, the shift lever 19 is engaged with the shift head 15, so that the gear shift fork of the gear shift shaft 12 is engaged with the gear shift and select lever 20. Depending on the operation, it is shifted to 5th or 6th gear.

Also, during the gear change operation of the transmission 90 in this high-speed range, the directional switching valve
By means of the unit 25, compressed air is supplied to the hydraulic detent device 27 from the air tank 24, and the compressed air is cut off from the air tank 24 to the hydraulic detent device 26, and the air is removed from the atmosphere. ball 7.
5 is pressed into the recess 83 by the air cylinder 77, and the ball 74 is released from the pressing force of the air cylinder 76 and is located on the outer circumferential surface of the shift and select shaft 17, so that the shift A deterrent force (F), shown in FIG. F) is felt by the gear shift and select lever 20.

Contrary to the above, when the transmission 90 shifts from the fifth speed (5) to the fourth speed (4), it is performed by performing a range shift from the high speed range to the low speed range. That is, the transmission mechanism 1
0 is changed from the state shown in FIG. 2 to the state shown in FIG. A deterrent force (F) is applied by the hydraulic detent devices 26 and 27, and the deterrent force also causes a sudden rise, similar to the case of range shifting from the low speed range to the high speed range. Due to the relatively strong force generated, the gear shift and select lever 2
0, and the automatic gear box 92 confirms that the range has been reliably shifted from the high speed range to the low speed range.

In this transmission mechanism 10, as can be understood from the transmission 90 transmission operation explained with reference to FIG.・Select shaft 17
A sudden and clear change is caused by the deterrent force (F) generated on the shift and select shaft 17, and a deterrent force (F) greater than a predetermined value is always applied to the shift and select shaft 17. The shift and select shaft 17 can be maintained at the shift position regardless of vibrations transmitted from the gear side.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that compared to transmission mechanisms for transmissions consisting of a main gear box and an auxiliary gear box that have already been proposed and used, the transmission mechanism of the present invention is suitable for low speed transmissions. side and high-speed range switching cams are disposed on the shift and select shaft of the main gear box, a hydraulic actuator shifts a gear shift fork of the augerary gear box, and
A directional valve unit is disposed in a hydraulic line connecting its hydraulic actuator to a source of fluid pressure and is configured to shift its low speed side and The high-speed range switching cam switches the main gear, and the plurality of hydraulic detent devices shift the main gear at the axial shift position corresponding to the speed gate position of the gear shift and select lever.・Since the transmission mechanism used in the transmission of this invention has a configuration arranged in the shift and select shaft of the box, the transmission mechanism used in the transmission of this invention can change from a low speed range to a high speed range, and from a high speed range to a low speed range. A positive range shift to the side range is confirmed by a sudden and distinct change in the restraint force on the shift and select shaft, and movement of the gear shift and select lever. The speed gate pattern space required for the Shift errors are prevented without relying on operating techniques, greatly increasing the certainty and reliability of the shifting operation, preventing breakage and damage to the synchronized mesh mechanism of the transmission, and preventing any interference with vehicle operation. Moreover, the gear shifting operation becomes easy and simple, and moreover, the gear shifting operation can be performed quickly, and the physical and mental fatigue of the driver is reduced, making it more practical.

As mentioned above, from the specific examples of the present invention explained with reference to the drawings, those who have ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which this invention pertains will understand the following:
Various modifications and changes can be easily made, and furthermore, the structure of this invention satisfies essentially the same problems as this invention and achieves the same effects as this invention. It could easily be replaced with an essentially identical embodiment.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the transmission mechanism of the present invention applied to a transmission consisting of a main gear box and an augerary gear box, and in a low speed range, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the directional valve unit of the transmission mechanism shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the transmission mechanism shown in FIG.・This is a diagram of the deterrent force generated on the select shaft, in other words, felt on the gear shift and select lever. 10... Transmission mechanism, 11, 12, 13... Gear shift shaft, 14, 15, 16... Shift head, 17... Shift and select shaft, 18, 19... Shift lever,
20...Gear shift and select lever, 21...Low speed side and high speed side range switching cam, 22...Gear shift fork, 23...
Fluid pressure actuator, 24...Fluid pressure source, 25
...Directional switching valve unit, 26, 27...
...hydraulic detent device, 90...transmission, 91...main gear box, 92...augmentary gear box.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of gear shift shafts disposed in a main gear box, a plurality of gear shift forks held by the gear shift shaft, and a main gear box. and longitudinally arranged to selectively shift the plurality of gear shift forks along with the gear shift shaft in response to operation of the gear shift and select lever. a shift and select shaft having at least two shift levers protruding at a predetermined interval from the shift and select shaft; low speed and high speed range switching cams disposed on the shift and select shaft; and an auxiliary gear.・The gear shift fork placed in the box and the gear of the auger gear box.
A fluid pressure actuator for shifting a shift fork, and a fluid pressure actuator disposed in a fluid pressure piping connecting the fluid pressure actuator to a fluid pressure source, and responsive to movement of a shift and select shaft of its main gear box. The directional valve unit is switched by the low-speed and high-speed range switching cams, and the axial shift position corresponds to the speed gate position of the gear shift and select lever. The main
Multiple hydraulic day tents located on the shift and select shaft of the gear box.
A transmission mechanism used in a transmission consisting of a main gear box and an auxiliary gear box.