JPS62292255A - Nozzle for pouring molten metal - Google Patents
Nozzle for pouring molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62292255A JPS62292255A JP13481686A JP13481686A JPS62292255A JP S62292255 A JPS62292255 A JP S62292255A JP 13481686 A JP13481686 A JP 13481686A JP 13481686 A JP13481686 A JP 13481686A JP S62292255 A JPS62292255 A JP S62292255A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- molten metal
- nozzle
- cylindrical body
- hollow body
- pouring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
３、発明の詳細な説明
〈産業上の利用分野〉
この発明は、連続鋳造において、とくに薄肉幅広の鋳片
を高速で鋳造するのに好適な連続鋳造用溶融金属注湯用
ノズルに関するものである。Detailed Description of the Invention 3. Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a molten metal pouring method for continuous casting, which is particularly suitable for casting thin and wide slabs at high speed. This relates to hot water nozzles.
〈従来の技術）
近年連続鋳造においては、生産性の向上を図るために、
鋳造速度を増大する傾向にあるが、そのためには、鋳型
内に供給する溶融金属の単位時間当たりの注湯量を増加
することが有効であり、実開昭５８−１０７２５４号公
報では、注湯用浸漬ノズルの溶湯吐出口の面積を広くし
て単位時間当たりの注湯量をより多くする浸漬ノズルが
考案されている。<Conventional technology> In recent years, in continuous casting, in order to improve productivity,
There is a tendency to increase the casting speed, and for this purpose, it is effective to increase the amount of molten metal poured into the mold per unit time. An immersion nozzle has been devised in which the area of the molten metal discharge port of the immersion nozzle is increased to increase the amount of molten metal poured per unit time.
ところで上記の如き浸漬ノズルを連続鋳造に適用する場
合には１本来一様な溶湯流が好ましいにも拘わらず、鋳
型内において偏流が発生し易く。By the way, when the above-mentioned immersion nozzle is applied to continuous casting, although it is originally preferable to have a uniform flow of molten metal, uneven flow tends to occur within the mold.
また溶融金属の注湯における流速が大きい場合には、非
金属介在物が鋳型内の溶湯の深くまで浸入するので、得
られた鋳片の均質化が阻害されたり。Furthermore, when the flow rate of molten metal is high, non-metallic inclusions penetrate deep into the molten metal in the mold, which may impede homogenization of the resulting slab.
内部欠陥、あるいは表面欠陥が生じて不利であった。This was disadvantageous because internal defects or surface defects occurred.
特開昭６０−１０３０４５６号公報では、上述の如き不
利を掻力解消するため、溶融金属の流動に対して。In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-1030456, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages, a method is proposed for the flow of molten metal.
抵抗となる円形断面を有する抵抗部を備えた浸漬ノズル
を先に考案した。この浸漬ノズルでは、浸漬ノズル内に
設けた抵抗部で溶融金属の流入速度を減速して、大量の
溶融金属をより幅広く、安定して注湯することができた
。しかしながら、長時間にわたる注湯では１円形断面抵
抗部の溶損、非金属介在物の付着などにより、偏流の発
生が見られ、上述したような不利を解消するには、至っ
ていない。We previously devised a submerged nozzle equipped with a resistor section with a circular cross section that acts as a resistor. With this immersion nozzle, the inflow speed of molten metal was slowed down by a resistance section provided in the immersion nozzle, and a large amount of molten metal could be stably poured over a wider area. However, when pouring over a long period of time, drifting occurs due to melting of the circular cross-sectional resistance portion, adhesion of non-metallic inclusions, etc., and the above-mentioned disadvantages have not yet been overcome.
〈発明が解決しようとする問題点〉
連続鋳造において、鋳型内へ溶融金属を供給する場合に
単位時間当たりの注湯量を極力増大しても上述の如き不
利を容易に回避することのできる連続鋳造用の溶融金属
注湯用ノズルを提供することがこの発明の目的である。<Problems to be solved by the invention> Continuous casting in which the above-mentioned disadvantages can be easily avoided even if the amount of poured metal per unit time is increased as much as possible when feeding molten metal into the mold. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nozzle for pouring molten metal.
く問題点を解決するための手段〉
発明者らは、薄肉幅広鋳片の高速鋳造について鋭意研究
を重ねた結果、溶融金属に適当な抵抗を与えるような形
状の溶融金属注湯用ノズルを採用することによって、よ
り薄い幅広の鋳片を高速で鋳込むことができるとの知見
に基づいてこの発明をするに至った。As a result of extensive research into high-speed casting of thin-walled and wide slabs, the inventors adopted a nozzle for pouring molten metal with a shape that provides appropriate resistance to the molten metal. This invention was based on the knowledge that by doing so, thinner and wider slabs can be cast at high speed.
この発明は、下端が閉じている中空の筒状体とそれを包
んで接続した下端が開放している横長の末広形中空体と
より成る溶融金属鋳造用ノズルにおいて、筒状体から末
広形中空体内部に溶融金属を供給するための筒状体開口
部を、上記末広形中空体の横長内壁に対向して設けたこ
とを特徴とする溶融金属注湯用ノズル並びにその末広形
中空体の横長内側面の下端に堰を設けた溶融金属注湯用
ノズルである。The present invention relates to a nozzle for casting molten metal, which consists of a hollow cylindrical body with a closed lower end and a horizontally elongated wide-spread hollow body with an open lower end that surrounds and connects the hollow cylindrical body with a hollow cylindrical body having a closed lower end. A nozzle for pouring molten metal, characterized in that a cylindrical body opening for supplying molten metal into the body is provided opposite to a horizontally long inner wall of the wide-spread hollow body, and a horizontally long wide-spread hollow body thereof. This is a nozzle for pouring molten metal with a weir at the lower end of the inner surface.
第１図に従ってこの発明を説明する。The invention will be explained with reference to FIG.
この発明の溶融金属注湯用ノズル（以下ノズルと略称す
る。）は、筒状体１と末広形中空体２で構成されている
。筒状体１の下端部は閉じており。The molten metal pouring nozzle (hereinafter abbreviated as nozzle) of the present invention is composed of a cylindrical body 1 and a wide-end hollow body 2. The lower end of the cylindrical body 1 is closed.
その下方に溶融金属を吐出するための開口部３ａ。An opening 3a for discharging molten metal below.
３ｂが末広形中空体２の横長内壁に対向して設けられて
いる。末広形中空体２の下端部、すなわち溶融金属の吐
出口は長方形であり、上端部は筒状体１の上部を包み込
むようにして閉じている。3b is provided facing the laterally elongated inner wall of the wide-end hollow body 2. The lower end of the wide-spread hollow body 2, that is, the molten metal discharge port, is rectangular, and the upper end is closed so as to wrap around the upper part of the cylindrical body 1.
ノズル上部に設けられたタンディツシュより流下した溶
融金属は、筒状体内流路６に流入し、つぎに約９０″流
路を変えて筒状体開口部３ａ、 ３ｂより噴出する。こ
の噴出した溶融金属は、さらに末広形中空体２の横長内
壁に衝突することによって溶融金属は拡散し、かつ流速
が低下する。したがって、溶融金属は末広形中空体２の
下部では緩やかな流れとなり均一に流下することになる
。The molten metal flowing down from the tundish provided at the top of the nozzle flows into the channel 6 in the cylindrical body, and then changes the channel by approximately 90'' and is ejected from the openings 3a and 3b of the cylindrical body. The molten metal further collides with the oblong inner wall of the wide-shaped hollow body 2, causing the molten metal to spread and the flow velocity to decrease.Therefore, the molten metal becomes a gentle flow in the lower part of the wide-shaped hollow body 2, and flows down uniformly. It turns out.
第３図に、このノズルの末広形中空体２の横長内側面の
下端に堰４を設けた例を示した。末広中空体の下端部す
なわち溶融金属の吐出口にある堰４で、溶融金属の流れ
にさらに抵抗を与える。この堰により溶融金属の流れは
、さらにより均一化。FIG. 3 shows an example in which a weir 4 is provided at the lower end of the oblong inner surface of the wide-spread hollow body 2 of this nozzle. A weir 4 at the lower end of the diverging hollow body, ie at the outlet of the molten metal, provides further resistance to the flow of the molten metal. This weir makes the flow of molten metal even more uniform.
整流化されることになる。It will be rectified.
なお、堰４の設置位置は、必ずしも第２図のように末広
形中空体２の横長側面の下端である必要はなく、筒状体
１の開口部３ａ、 ３ｂに対向する位置より下であれば
、同様の効果をもたらすものであり。Note that the installation position of the weir 4 does not necessarily have to be at the lower end of the horizontally long side surface of the wide-end hollow body 2 as shown in FIG. If so, it will have a similar effect.
さらにその個数を複数設けても良い。Furthermore, a plurality of them may be provided.
また、筒状体１も必ずしも第１図、第３図の例のような
円筒状でなくても良い。Further, the cylindrical body 1 does not necessarily have to be cylindrical as in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
〈実施例〉
・実験例
第３図に示したノズルを用いて、流路に水を流したとき
の注入流に対する減速効果、流速およびノズルにおける
吐出状況を調査し、その結果を第１表に示した。<Example> - Experimental Example Using the nozzle shown in Figure 3, we investigated the deceleration effect on the injection flow, the flow velocity, and the discharge status at the nozzle when water was flowed through the flow path, and the results are shown in Table 1. Indicated.
このノズル寸法はつぎのとおりである。The dimensions of this nozzle are as follows.
末広形中空体、高さ：９００ （単位：寵）同上
、下端部：４００Ｘ３０
同上 、堰（ａＸｂ） ： １０Ｘ３０筒状体 、上端
部 ：６０φ×１）０φ同上 、開口部 ｊ４４Ｘ８０
比較のために、第５図に示すような筒状体が短く、開口
部が下方にあるノズルを用いた場合（比較例）および第
６図に示すノズルを用いた場合（比較例２）の減速効果
、流速およびノズルにおける吐出状況についても調査し
、第１表に示した。Wide-end hollow body, height: 900 (unit: height) Same as above
, Lower end: 400 x 30 Same as above, Weir (aXb): 10 x 30 cylindrical body, Upper end: 60φ We also investigated the deceleration effect, flow velocity, and discharge status at the nozzle when using a nozzle with a lower position (comparative example) and when using the nozzle shown in Figure 6 (comparative example 2), and the results are shown in Table 1. .
第１表からも明らかなように、単に波路を広げた場合の
ノズルやそれに抵抗部を設けたノズルに比較してこの発
明によるノズルにおいては、約７０％の減速効果がある
ことが認められた。As is clear from Table 1, the nozzle according to the present invention was found to have a deceleration effect of approximately 70% compared to a nozzle in which the wave path was simply widened or a nozzle in which a resistance section was provided. .
・実施例１
第３図に示したノズルを用いてその下端を鋳型自溶鋼中
に浸漬した状態でＪＩＳ規格における５ＰＣＢの溶湯の
連続鋳造を行い幅１８００ｍ、厚さ２３０ｍ。- Example 1 Using the nozzle shown in Fig. 3, continuous casting of molten metal of 5 PCB according to JIS standard was carried out with the lower end immersed in the mold self-melting steel, and the width was 1800 m and the thickness was 230 m.
の鋳片を鋳造した。鋳造速度は１．５ｍ／ｓｉｎである
。A slab was cast. The casting speed is 1.5 m/sin.
得られた鋳片について、スライム電解抽出法で介在物の
含有量を調べたところ、直径５０μｍ以上の介在物は０
．０２ｍｇ／１０ｋｇ ５ｔｅｅｌであった。When the obtained slab was examined for inclusion content using slime electrolytic extraction, it was found that there were no inclusions with a diameter of 50 μm or more.
．． It was 02mg/10kg 5teel.
また、比較のため、前述の水モデル実験に用いた第５図
の形状のノズルを用いた場合（比較例１）および第８図
に示すように、内径ｅニア０ｍｍ。For comparison, a nozzle having the shape shown in FIG. 5 used in the water model experiment described above was used (Comparative Example 1), and as shown in FIG. 8, the inner diameter was 0 mm.
吐出口数；２．吐出口径（：１０ｍｗ＋、吐出口角度：
下向き１５°になるノズルを用いた場合（Ａ）につきそ
れぞれ連続鋳造して得られた鋳片における介在物の含有
量についても調べたが、比較例１の場合には０．１８ｗ
／１０ｋｇ ５ｔｅｅｌであり、またノズル（Ａ）を用
いた場合には０．２８ｍｇ／１Ｏｋｒ ５ｔｅｅｌであ
った。 また、鋳込み時の場面変動量についても調べた
が、この発明によるノズルにおいては、±２鶴であった
のに対し、比較例１では±ｌＯｗｎ、ノズル（Ａ）では
±１３１）であった。Number of discharge ports; 2. Discharge port diameter (: 10mw+, discharge port angle:
The content of inclusions in slabs obtained by continuous casting was also investigated in case (A) using a nozzle with a downward angle of 15 degrees, and in the case of Comparative Example 1, it was 0.18 w
/10kg 5teel, and when nozzle (A) was used, it was 0.28mg/1Okr 5teel. In addition, the amount of scene variation during casting was also investigated, and it was ±2 cranes in the nozzle according to the present invention, whereas it was ±1 Own in Comparative Example 1, and ±131 in the nozzle (A).
・実施例２
長時間の鋳込みにおけるノズルの抵抗部およびこの発明
における堰４の溶損、ノズル詰まり状況を調べ、その結
果を第９図に示した。・Example 2 The resistance part of the nozzle during long-time casting, the erosion of the weir 4 in this invention, and the nozzle clogging situation were investigated, and the results are shown in FIG.
第６図に示したノズル（比較例２）では、取鍋からの注
湯回数が５回で抵抗部として有効でなくなり使用不可能
となったが、この発明における堰は簡単に溶損せず同回
数でも均一に幅広く注湯することが明らかになった。ま
た、ノズル詰まりの面からも、比較例２のノズルは１本
発明例にくらべて詰まりが著しく、ノズル寿命は、短命
であった。The nozzle shown in Figure 6 (Comparative Example 2) became ineffective as a resistance part after pouring from the ladle five times and became unusable, but the weir in this invention does not easily melt and damage. It has become clear that even if the number of times is the same, the pouring can be done uniformly and over a wide range. In addition, in terms of nozzle clogging, the nozzle of Comparative Example 2 was significantly clogged compared to the inventive example, and the nozzle life was short.
〈発明の効果〉
この発明によれば、連続鋳造における溶融金属の注湯に
際して単位時間当たりの注湯量を大幅に増大しても溶融
金属の鋳型内への吐出速度分布を一様にすることができ
、また、溶融金属を鋳型内へ均一に幅広く注湯すること
が可能であるため。<Effects of the Invention> According to the present invention, even when pouring molten metal in continuous casting, even if the amount of molten metal poured per unit time is significantly increased, the distribution of the discharge velocity of molten metal into the mold can be made uniform. It is also possible to pour molten metal uniformly and widely into the mold.
偏流や、非金属介在物に起因する問題を容易に回避する
ことができる。とくに、この発明による浸漬ノズルは、
ノズル吐出溶湯流が均一なカーテン状を呈するので、よ
り薄い幅広の鋳片を高速で鋳込むことが可能である。Problems caused by drifting and nonmetallic inclusions can be easily avoided. In particular, the immersion nozzle according to the invention
Since the molten metal flow discharged from the nozzle has a uniform curtain shape, it is possible to cast thinner and wider slabs at high speed.
第１図は、この発明に係る溶融金属注湯用ノズルを示す
斜視切断図、第２図（ａｌは第１図の発明の正面断面図
、第２図（ｂｌは第２図（ａｌのＡ−Ａ断面図。
第２図（ｂｌは第２図（ａｌのＢ−Ｂ断面図、第２図＋
ｄｌは第２図１ａ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図、第２図（［１）は
第２図＋ａｌのＤ−Ｃ断面図である。第３図はこの発明
に係る溶融金属注湯用ノズルを示す斜視切断図、第４図
＋ａｌは第３図の発明の正面断面図、第４図（ｂｌは第
４図（ａｌのＡ−Ａ断面図、第４図（Ｃ１は第４図（ａ
ｔのＢ−Ｂ断面図、第４図（ｄｌは第４図（ａｌのＣ−
Ｃ断面図、第４図１８）は第４図ｉａｌのＤ−Ｃ断面図
である。第５図は比較例１として用いた溶融金属注湯用
ノズルを示す斜視切断図、第６図は比較例２として用い
た溶融金属注湯用ノズル、第７図（ａｌ、 （ｂｌ、
（Ｃ１は注湯用ノズルからの溶融金属の吐出状況を示す
説明図。
第８図は従来の連続鋳造用の２孔ノズルを示す説明図、
第９図は取鍋からの注湯回数とノズル状況との関係を示
すグラフである。
■・・・・・・筒状体 ３ａ、３ｂ・・・筒状体
開口部２・・・・・・末広形中空体 ４・・・・・・堰
５・・・末広形中空体下端部
６・・・・・・筒状体内流路
第 １ 図
第 ３ 図
一〇 −Ｑ
二 。
屑 Ｌａ：ＩＬ。
、０
ココ
第 ６ 図
（ａ）
＋４））
ｔ’ ｃ ）
第 ７ 図
（ｂ） （Ｃ）
第 ８ 図
昭和６１年９月９日
特許庁長官 黒 １） 明 雄 殿１
、事件の表示
昭和６１年 特許 願第１３４８１６号２、発明
の名称 溶融金属注湯用ノズル３、補正をする
者
４、補正命令の日付 昭和６１年８月２６日
（発送印７、補正の内容
明細書第１０頁４行目の「第２図囮）」を［第２１ＢＣ
）Ｊに補正致します。FIG. 1 is a perspective cutaway view showing a molten metal pouring nozzle according to the present invention, FIG. 2 (al is a front sectional view of the invention in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 is a -A sectional view. Figure 2 (bl is Figure 2 (al) B-B sectional view, Figure 2 +
dl is a CC sectional view of FIG. 2 1a), and FIG. 2 ([1) is a DC sectional view of FIG. 2+al. FIG. 3 is a perspective cutaway view showing a molten metal pouring nozzle according to the present invention, FIG. 4+al is a front sectional view of the invention of FIG. 3, and FIG. Cross-sectional view, Figure 4 (C1 is Figure 4 (a)
B-B sectional view of t, Fig. 4 (dl is Fig. 4 (al C-
C sectional view, FIG. 4 18) is a sectional view taken along DC-C in FIG. 4 ial. Fig. 5 is a perspective cutaway view showing a molten metal pouring nozzle used as Comparative Example 1, Fig. 6 is a molten metal pouring nozzle used as Comparative Example 2, and Fig. 7 (al, (bl,
(C1 is an explanatory diagram showing the state of discharge of molten metal from the pouring nozzle. Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional two-hole nozzle for continuous casting.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of times pouring from the ladle and the nozzle condition. ■...Cylindrical body 3a, 3b...Cylindrical body opening 2...Further wide end hollow body 4...Weir 5...Lower end of wide end hollow body 6...Cylindrical internal flow path Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 10-Q 2. Waste La:IL. , 0 here Figure 6 (a) +4)) t' c) Figure 7 (b) (C) Figure 8 September 9, 1986 Commissioner of the Patent Office Black 1) Akio Tono 1
, Indication of the case 1986 Patent Application No. 134816 2 Title of invention Nozzle for pouring molten metal 3 Amendment person 4 Date of amendment order August 26, 1988
(Shipping stamp 7, "Figure 2 decoy" on page 10, line 4 of the statement of contents of amendment) [21st B.C.
) will be corrected to J.
Claims (2)
接続した下端が開放している横長の末広形中空体とより
成る溶融金属鋳造用ノズルにおいて、筒状体から末広形
中空体内部に溶融金属を供給するための筒状体開口部を
、上記末広形中空体の横長内壁に対向して設けたことを
特徴とする溶融金属注湯用ノズル。(1) In a molten metal casting nozzle consisting of a hollow cylindrical body with a closed lower end and a horizontally elongated hollow body with an open lower end that wraps and connects the hollow cylindrical body, A nozzle for pouring molten metal, characterized in that a cylindrical body opening for supplying molten metal into the body is provided opposite to a laterally elongated inner wall of the diverging hollow body.
とを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の溶融金属注
湯用ノズル。(2) The nozzle for pouring molten metal according to claim 1, characterized in that a weir is provided at the lower end of the oblong inner surface of the wide-end-shaped hollow body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13481686A JPS62292255A (en) | 1986-06-12 | 1986-06-12 | Nozzle for pouring molten metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13481686A JPS62292255A (en) | 1986-06-12 | 1986-06-12 | Nozzle for pouring molten metal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62292255A true JPS62292255A (en) | 1987-12-18 |
Family
ID=15137157
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13481686A Pending JPS62292255A (en) | 1986-06-12 | 1986-06-12 | Nozzle for pouring molten metal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62292255A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7815096B2 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2010-10-19 | Celestica International Inc. | Laminar flow well |
| JP2011504416A (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2011-02-10 | テクコム ゲーエムベーハー | Immersion nozzle |
| WO2013017251A1 (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-02-07 | Tata Steel Nederland Technology B.V. | Supply nozzle for powder or granular material |
| WO2013068296A1 (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | Techcom Gmbh | Method for continuous casting of steel and submersible nozzle for the same |
-
1986
- 1986-06-12 JP JP13481686A patent/JPS62292255A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7815096B2 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2010-10-19 | Celestica International Inc. | Laminar flow well |
| JP2011504416A (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2011-02-10 | テクコム ゲーエムベーハー | Immersion nozzle |
| WO2013017251A1 (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-02-07 | Tata Steel Nederland Technology B.V. | Supply nozzle for powder or granular material |
| WO2013068296A1 (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | Techcom Gmbh | Method for continuous casting of steel and submersible nozzle for the same |
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