JPS62267576A - Operation controller - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To generate power with high efficiency by calculating the maximum possible generator output command level while employing a water flow to be used for power generation and an effective head during operation of a hydroelectric power station as parameters. CONSTITUTION:An effective head calculating section 4 obtains a static head, i.e. a difference of water level between a water take-in port 1 and a water discharge port 2 then obtains a loss head from a water flow to be used for power generation and calculates an effective head 5. A start/stop command forming and processing section 6 detects an operating range and a stopping rang from the effective head 5, the water flow 3 to be used for power generation and a power generation efficiency characteristic. The operating range is confined such that the effective head 5 is higher than the stop level of main machine determined in due consideration of the characteristic of main machine and the power generation efficiency is higher than eta1. When a start command 8 is received, an automatic sequence processing section 16 starts the main machine automatically, while when the main machine is brought into parallel condition, an output command forming/processing section 11 calculates an output command level 12 based upon the effective head 5 and the water flow 3 to be used for power generation if an operating range condition 10 is satisfied.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Field of application in 1M industry) The present invention is applicable to hydraulic power plants with variable head that have large annual head fluctuations. 4. Related to Operation Control Device in Electric Power Station (Prior Art) In a hydroelectric power plant with a variable head where annual head fluctuations are large, power generation efficiency changes in accordance with fluctuations in the head.

If the power generation operation f2 is continued when the power generation efficiency is below a certain range, the earthen structure will deteriorate due to vibration, cavitation, etc. Therefore, for operation outside this certain range (hereinafter referred to as the operating range), it is necessary to stop the main engine if it is in operation, and to prevent it from starting if the main engine is stopped.

In addition, many of these hydroelectric power plants with variable head are located downstream, and the flow rate used for power generation is limited due to constraints on downstream hydroelectric power plants, constraints on water level changes, etc., and the command value from the control center is not given in terms of flow rate. often.

In consideration of these situations, an operation control device as shown in FIG. 9 has conventionally been provided. In FIG. 9, the static head operating range detection unit 31 determines the water level (hereinafter referred to as water intake water level) 1 at a water intake provided in an upper dam or river (not shown) to take in water used for power generation, and the water level 1 used for power generation. The static head difference is obtained by taking the difference between the water levels at the water outlet (hereinafter referred to as the water level at the water outlet) 2, which is provided to discharge the water that has been discharged, and this static head difference is within the operating range (normal operation lower limit static head 1.7 or more). If so, the static head operation range condition 33 is output. The flow rate operation range detection unit 32 outputs a flow rate operation range condition 34 if the flow rate used for power generation or the command flow rate (hereinafter referred to as the power generation use flow rate) 3 is within the operation range (normal operation lower limit use flow rate 01 or more). The start/stop command creation processing unit 6 outputs a start command 8 when the static head operation range condition 33 and the flow rate operation range condition 34 are satisfied while the main engine is stopped, and if either one of the conditions is satisfied while the main engine is in operation, ! When the inner and outer conditions within the li range are no longer met, a stop command 9 is output. In the automatic sequence processing section 16, the activation command 8. The main engine is started and stopped in response to the stop command 9. Here, it is assumed that the power generation usage flow t3 is given as the command value. In this case, if we use the actual current used in actual power generation as the feedback signal,
In order to ensure sufficient control accuracy, it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the feedback signal, and it is necessary to install an expensive flow meter (for example, an ultrasonic type). Furthermore, depending on the structure of the power plant, it may be difficult to install this flow meter. For this reason,
The output command value 12 is a value converted from the command value of the power generation usage flow rate 3 and the static head difference, and the active power, which can be easily measured with high precision, is often used as the feedback signal.

In FIG. 9, an output command value 12 is set by the output setting device 30, which is determined from the power generation usage flow rate 3 and the static head difference.

Automatic load 7A! The II processing unit 13 uses this output command value 12
and the power generation output 14 (the operation signal 17 is output to the speed governor 18 so that the generator output follows the output command value 12).

The speed regulator @18 adjusts the guide vane opening degree in the main engine operating characteristic 19. (The generator output 14 is made to follow the output command value 12.) By the way, the output of a hydroelectric power plant can generally be determined by the following equation.

P= 9.8 (l H・'7t'7c [
kwl '7tηg='IP=7-way, Q
:1. Flow rate per second (flow rate used for power generation) H: Effective head,
η,: Turbine efficiency + Q (: Generator efficiency η: Power generation efficiency, where the effective head is calculated by subtracting the head loss from the static head. The head loss is a value that varies depending on the condition of the channel shape 2 surface, the flow rate used, etc.) In addition, the water turbine efficiency η, and the generator efficiency q
t has the following relationship.

P' = 9.8 Q-H-η,, P = P' η, P'; water turbine output, r + t = f (Qp ) I) +
'lc'1c(P' cosO), cosO: Power factor Here, if the power factor cosθ is constant, the power generation efficiency η is as follows.

η=ηt*c=f (Q, H)・g(P')=fCQ,
H)・g' (Q, H, fcQ, H) )=h(
Q, H) Note that 1" (Q, H) is the water turbine efficiency characteristic + g (P' c
os O) is the T8 generator efficiency characteristic, and h (Q, H) is the power generation efficiency characteristic. As can be seen from h(Q, H), the power generation efficiency η is determined by the power generation practical flow MQ and the effective head H.

Figure 4 shows an example of effective head +1. , I+, ,
The power generation efficiency characteristic at I+, , shows the starting lower limit power generation efficiency η, which is the lower limit that allows startup, and the operating lower limit power generation efficiency η1, which is the lower limit that allows continued operation.From the actual equipment characteristics, the startup condition is that the power generation efficiency η is η2 or more, J-, and the effective head H should be less than a certain value (for example, H,). ! ! Activates even if the used Ruda is 01 or less.

I can see that there is a range within which I can drive. Therefore.

The operating range based on the relationship between the static head difference and the flow rate used for power generation is 5th.
This is the 5th part of @ (shaded area on the top right).

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the conventional operation control device, the static head is required to be at least a certain value (H1' in Fig. 5) and the flow rate used for power generation is at least 01. Part a in Figure 5 (crossing area with diagonal lines) was determined to be the operating range. In addition, the output command value does not take into account the head loss determined from the static head difference and the flow layer used by the IS, so there are many errors and it is not possible to always maintain high power generation efficiency.

In addition, as shown in Figure 6, a part included in both the operating range C part (M line range) and the stop 1-range part (horizontal line range) is provided to avoid wasteful situations such as stopping immediately after starting. It is also difficult to prevent starting and stopping.

As shown above, with conventional operation control devices, the operating range is narrower than the actual operable range, so it cannot be used effectively, and head loss is not taken into consideration, which reduces power generation efficiency and causes unnecessary startup and stopping. There were problems such as how to do it.

Therefore, in the present invention, in order to use water as effectively as possible in a variable head hydroelectric power plant, start and stop commands for the main engine are automatically created based on the power generation efficiency determined from the effective head and the flow rate used for power generation. , calculates a command value for the generator output to maintain high power generation efficiency, adjusts the actual generator output to this command value, and contributes to extending the life of the equipment by preventing unnecessary startups and stops. Our goal is to provide an operation control device that can.

[Structure of the invention]

(Means for solving the problem) An effective head calculation processing unit that calculates the effective head from the intake water level, the water outlet water level, and the flow rate used for power generation or the commanded flow rate; The efficiency is higher than the starting minimum power generation efficiency determined by the efficiency characteristics of the water turbine 9 generator.

The output of the start command when the main engine is stopped, the output of the stop command when the power generation efficiency is less than the operation lower limit power generation efficiency determined by the efficiency characteristics of the turbine 2 generator while the main engine is operating, and the output of the stop command determined by the efficiency characteristics of the turbine 0 generator. When it is possible to adjust the generator output according to the start and stop command generation processing unit that outputs the operating range conditions indicating that the main engine operates within the operating range, and the sequence conditions that indicate the operating range conditions and the main engine status, an output command creation processing unit that outputs, as an output command value, the maximum generator output that can generate power, calculated from power generation efficiency characteristics created based on the power generation usage flow rate or command flow rate, effective head, and efficiency characteristics of the water turbine 1 generator; , and an automatic load adjustment processing section that adjusts the actual generator output to aa according to the output command value.

(Function) The present invention calculates the effective head from the water intake water level, the water discharge water level, the power generation usage flow, and the head loss characteristics, and then calculates the effective head of the water turbine.

Power generation efficiency and effective head determined from the efficiency characteristics of the generator.

The operating range of the main engine is detected from the flow rate used for power generation, and a start command and a stop command are issued depending on the state of the main engine, and during operation, the maximum generator output possible with the flow rate used for power generation and the effective head at that time is performed. This makes effective use of water, maintains high power generation efficiency, and prevents wasteful R@ and stoppages, contributing to longer lifespans of equipment.

(Example) In Figure 1, 1 is the intake water level, 2 is the water outlet water level, and 3
is the flow rate used for power generation, 4 is the effective head calculation section, 5 is the effective head,
6 is a start and stop command creation processing unit, 7 is a sequence condition indicating the state of the main engine, 8 is a start command, 9 is a stop command, 10
is a condition indicating that it is within the operating range.

11 is an output command creation processing section, 12 is an output command value, 13 is an automatic load adjustment processing section, 14 is an actual power generation output of the main engine, 1
5 is an operation control device according to the present invention, 16 is an automatic sequence processing unit that controls the main engine, 17 is an operation signal for load adjustment, 18 is a speed governor, and 19 is a main engine control unit including a water turbine 9 generator, etc. It shows the characteristics.

In Fig. 2, 21 and 24 are subtractors, 22 are head loss characteristic calculators (based on characteristic curves or characteristic formulas), 23 are head loss characteristics, 25 are processing units that detect the operating range of the main engine, and 26 are start and stop commands. This is the creation department. Other details are the same as in FIG.

The operation of the operation control device of the present invention will be explained below.

In FIG. The effective head calculating section 4 has a configuration as shown in FIG. The head loss 23 is determined, and the difference between the static head and the head loss 23 is determined using a subtractor 24 to calculate the effective head 5.

In addition, the start and stop command creation processing section 6 in FIG.
As shown in the figure, it is comprised of a processing section 25 that detects the operating range and a start/stop command generation section 26.

As shown in FIG. 7, the operating range detection processing section 25 detects the operating range C and the stop range from the effective head 52, the power generation usage flow rate 3, and the power generation efficiency characteristics.

As shown in FIG. 7, the operating range C is the range of the effective head and the flow rate used for power generation in which the effective head 5 is equal to or higher than the main engine stop level H3P determined in consideration of the main engine characteristics and the power generation efficiency is 11 or more. Also, although the stop range is outside this operating range C, check the state of the main engine according to sequence condition 7,
When the main engine is stopped, the power generation efficiency is the starting lower limit power generation efficiency η
It is determined that the stop range is reached if the temperature is high or the effective head 5 is less than the activation level 115T.

This is to prevent the main engine from starting up and then stopping in a short period of time, and to ensure effective operation. When the driving range detection processing unit 25 detects the driving range, it sets the driving range condition 10.
Output. In the start/stop command generation unit 26, the within-operating-range condition 10 is satisfied.

If it is confirmed that the main engine is stopped according to sequence condition 7, a start command 8 is output, and if the main engine is operating within the stop range, a stop command 9 is output.

The above processing of the start and stop command generation processing unit 6 can be summarized as follows.

If the power generation usage flow f3 is such that the effective head 5 is equal to or higher than the startup level 881 while the main engine is stopped and the power generation efficiency is equal to or higher than the startup lower limit power generation efficiency 97, the power generation is activated! II command 8 is output, and the power generation usage flow rate 3 when the effective head 5 is below the stop level Hsp or 1 power generation efficiency is less than the operating range lower limit power generation efficiency 91 during main engine operation.
In this case, a stop command 9 is output.

The automatic sequence processing section 16 performs a sequence for automatically starting the main engine when receiving a start command 8, and performs a sequence for automatically stopping the main engine when receiving a stop command 9. The output command creation processing unit 11 confirms that the main engine has started and entered the parallel state based on sequence condition 7, and sets operating range condition 1.
If 0 is established, the output command value 12 is calculated from the effective head 5 and the power generation usage flow rate 3 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, as an example, when the effective head is Hl, the power generation usage flow rate 3 given as the command value is Q. The case is shown below. The output command value 12 at this time is eight. The calculation of this output command value 12 is as follows.

This is done using a conversion formula or conversion curve determined in consideration of power generation efficiency. The parameters are the power generation flow f3 and the effective head S.

The automatic load vA'M processing unit 13 compares the output command value 12 and the generator output 14, and determines whether the generator output 14 is equal to the output command (
1i! An operation signal J+17 that follows I12 is output to the speed governor 18. The speed governor 18 operates a guide vane using a servo motor, which is a component of the main engine, to adjust the actual flow rate used for power generation, and causes the generator output 14 to follow the output command value 12. The operating characteristics of these main engines are collectively shown as main engine operating characteristics 19.

By performing the above processing, it is possible to operate the part B"-A in Fig. 5, which was not operated in the conventional device, and the operating range can be expanded. Also, the output command value can be calculated. Since the effective head and the flow rate used for power generation are determined as parameters, highly efficient power generation can be performed with few errors.Furthermore, by setting start and stop levels separately, unnecessary start and stop operations can be prevented. .

By using the operation control device to which the present invention is applied, the entire range in which the main engine can operate can be set as the actual operating range, and power generation efficiency can be kept high, so water can be used effectively and water is not wasted. By preventing startup and shutdown, it is possible to extend the life of the equipment.

By including a sequence processing unit for starting and stopping in the operation control device of the present invention and configuring it as an operation control device that performs all automatic control of the main engine, inspections, maintenance, tests, etc. that were conventionally performed at separate locations can be performed. This can be done in the same location, making it possible to save labor and manpower for inspection, maintenance, and testing. Note that a part or all of these processes may be performed by software processing.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, by applying the present invention and using an operation control device, water can be used effectively, power generation efficiency can be kept high, and the life of the equipment can be extended.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of an operation control device using the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a configuration diagram of the operation control device of the present invention, Fig. 3 is an example of loss head characteristics, Fig. 4 is a power generation efficiency characteristic diagram, Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the operating range, and Fig. 6 is operation/stop. Explanatory diagram of range, 7th
The figure is an explanatory diagram of the operating and stopping range of the device to which the present invention is applied;
FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram of output command value calculation, and FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the configuration of a conventional operation control device. 1...Water intake water level 2...Water outlet water level 3.
...Power generation usage flow ji4...Effective head calculation unit 5...Effective head 6...Start, stop (F:, Command creation processing unit 7...Sequence condition 8...Start command 9... City stop command 10... Operating range condition 11... Output command creation processing section I2... Output command value 13... Automatic load adjustment processing section] 4... Power generation output 1
5... Operation control device 16 of the present invention... Automatic sequence processing unit 17... Operation signal 18...
Governor 19...Main engine operating characteristics 7.1. ,2
4... Subtractor 22... Head loss characteristic calculator 23
...Head loss 25...Operating range detection processing section 26
...Start and stop command creation unit 30...Output setting device
31...Static head operating range detector 32...Flow rate operating range detector 33...Static head operating range condition 34...Flow rate operating range condition H□'...Normal operation lower limit static head Q ,...Normal operation lower limit usage flow i I+
, ~11. ...Effective head η1...Operating range lower limit power generation efficiency η2...Start-up lower limit power generation efficiency A...Operating range of conventional equipment B...Operable range C...Operating range
D...Stop range H3T...Start level 1 (sp...Stop level Q,...Flow rate command value used for power generation PI,...Output command value agent Patent attorney Noriyuki Chika Yudo Hirofumi Mitsumata Power Generation Replacement quantity → Fig. 3 Fig. 5 Fig. 7 Fig. 8

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In an operation control device for a hydroelectric power plant with a variable head that has large annual head fluctuations, an effective head calculation processing unit that calculates an effective head from the intake water level, the tailwater water level, and the flow rate used for power generation or the commanded flow rate; The power generation efficiency determined by the used flow rate or commanded flow rate and the effective head is greater than or equal to the starting lower limit power generation efficiency determined by the efficiency characteristics of the water turbine and generator, and
The output of the start command when the main engine is stopped, the output of the stop command when the power generation efficiency is less than the operating lower limit power generation efficiency determined by the efficiency characteristics of the water turbine and generator while the main engine is operating, and the output of the stop command determined by the efficiency characteristics of the water turbine and generator. When it is possible to adjust the generator output according to the start and stop command generation processing unit that outputs the operating range condition indicating that the main engine operates within the operating range, and the sequence condition indicating the operating range condition and the main engine state. , an output command creation process that outputs, as an output command value, the maximum generator output that can be generated, which is calculated from the power generation efficiency characteristics created based on the power generation use flow rate or command flow rate, the effective head, and the efficiency characteristics of the water turbine and generator. and an automatic load adjustment processing section that adjusts the actual generator output according to the output command value. (2) An operation control device characterized in that the operation control device according to claim 1 is further added with an automatic sequence processing section that performs processing for starting and stopping the main engine.