JPS62265477A - Fluid machine having variable capacity mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a variable capacity mechanism which is high-efficient and of a type in that a cylinder block is rotated, by a method wherein an on-off plate is provided for serving to escape fluid in a working fluid chamber under a compression stroke to a low pressure chamber, a control chamber for the on-off plate and a passage switching valve are situated to a side cover. CONSTITUTION:With a rotary shaft 7 rotated with the aid of an internal combustion engine, a piston support 13 is rotated in synchronism with rotation of the rotary shaft. The piston support 13 and a cylinder block 17 are rotated in synchronism with each other, and along with said synchronism rotation, a through-hole 16 is closed by means of an on-off plate 21 and a cylinder head 20. In this case, in case a high volume is provided, a high pressure introduction passage 42 is opened by energizing an electromagnetic valve 44 of a passage switching valve 40 mounted in a side cover 3. In which case, since a control chamber 19 is full of high pressure fluid incoming through a pore 41, the on-off plate 21 is pressed by means of the cylinder block 17 to provide a high volume. Meanwhile, in case a volume is decreased, by disconnecting energization to the electromagnetic valve 44, a pressure in the control chamber 19 is decreased to a value equal to that in a low pressure chamber 27.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a fluid machine equipped with a variable capacity mechanism, and particularly to a mechanism suitable for a near compressor that obtains discharge pressure by pumping a gaseous working fluid. The present invention relates to a fluid machine equipped with a variable capacity mechanism.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, a liquid pump that pumps a working liquid such as oil and a compressor that compresses a refrigerant are well known as fluid machines.

As a fluid machine of this kind, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-91
As typified by Figure 1 of Publication No. 383, a swash plate is fixed to a drive shaft, and the rotation of this swash plate causes a swinging disk supported by the other shaft to swing, thereby performing reciprocating motion. In the rotary type, as shown in Figure 2 of the same publication, an oblique shaft is integrally provided at the output end of the drive shaft, and the eccentric movement of the oblique shaft is prevented from rotating through a rotation prevention means provided on the outer periphery of the oblique shaft. There is an oblique shaft rotation type that performs reciprocating motion by transmitting information to a supported rocking disk.

However, in both cases, the axial thrust load and eccentric load on the drive shaft are large, and although many countermeasures have been taken, it is difficult to eliminate axial mechanical friction.

The eccentricity of the drive shaft was far from being eliminated, and mechanical efficiency was extremely poor overall.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In the above-mentioned conventional technology, the rotation of the swash plate is transmitted to the oscillating disk and converted into reciprocating motion, as typified by FIG. Extra bearing means such as bearings are required, making the structure extremely complicated.

Furthermore, since the entire thrust load is received by the central ball bearing that holds the oscillating disk, there is a problem in that frictional resistance is large and mechanical efficiency is reduced.

Furthermore, since the outer peripheral end of the oscillating disk is connected to a piston rod that connects to a piston that is slidably fitted into the cylinder, there is a restriction that the oscillating disk must not rotate. This rotation is prevented by meshing all fixed teeth with flat teeth on the side of the oscillating disk (so-called gear sliding type).
, there is a problem with durability.

Next, in the example shown in Figure 2, an oblique shaft is provided integrally with the drive shaft, and a swinging disk is provided on the outer periphery of the oblique shaft via a thrust bearing. Therefore, there are problems with the durability of the rotation preventing portion of the oscillating disk and the increased use of thrust bearings, and the structure is extremely complicated.

Furthermore, the oblique shaft was long and heavy, which caused problems with rotational balance during rotation, and was a major cause of the 9M vibration noise. This rotational balance can be said to be the same in the former example, but although it is corrected with a balance weight, it is difficult to balance due to the shape, so it does not lead to solving the fundamental unbalance, and it results in a vibration. appear.

This center runout acts on the drive shaft as an eccentric load, leading to shaft friction. Furthermore, mechanical vibration not only shortens the life of the machine, but also lacks reliability as a product and generates noise that causes discomfort to the user, so it must be eliminated.

Typical fluid machines have been explained above, but in all cases the axial thrust load and the eccentric load applied to the drive shaft are large, and although many countermeasures have been taken to eliminate mechanical friction in the axial direction, The eccentricity was far from being eliminated, and the overall mechanical efficiency was extremely poor.

In order to solve this problem, the applicant of the present invention proposed a cylinder block rotating type in Japanese Patent Application No. 59-184648.

The fluid machine proposed by the present applicant has extremely high mechanical efficiency and is particularly effective for compressors and the like.

Incidentally, in recent years, there has been a demand for variable capacity compressors in car coolers, car air conditioners, and other cooling devices.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fluid machine of a type that rotates a cylinder block and is equipped with an efficient variable displacement mechanism.

[Means for solving problems]

The above purpose is to provide an opening/closing plate for one working fluid chamber by dividing the cylinder head, which cooperates with the cylinder block to form a working fluid chamber, and to provide a control chamber and a passage switching valve on the side cover located on the back side. This is achieved by:

[Effect]

An opening/closing plate provided by dividing the cylinder head, which cooperates with the cylinder block to form a working fluid chamber, is pressed against the cylinder block by high-pressure fluid sent into the control chamber by the passage switching valve.

Furthermore, the dividing surface is pressed against the cylinder head dividing surface due to sliding resistance due to rotation of the cylinder block, thereby sealing the cylinder block together with the cylinder head. on the other hand,
When the inside of the control chamber becomes a low-pressure body due to the passage switching valve, the opening/closing plate is pushed toward the side cover by the liquid that is at a slightly higher pressure than the low-pressure fluid during the compression process, creating a gap between it and the cylinder block. It works as expected.

By operating as described above, first, when the control chamber is a high-pressure fluid, the opening/closing plate seals the cylinder block and cylinder head dividing surface, and a discharge amount without variable displacement can be obtained. on the other hand,
When the control chamber becomes a low-pressure fluid, there is a gap between the opening/closing plate and the cylinder block, so some of the fluid in the working fluid chamber during the compression process is not compressed and flows into the low-pressure chamber as a low-pressure fluid. Only the fluid that has been returned and sealed in the cylinder head is compressed and discharged, and the discharge amount is reduced to achieve variable displacement.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

In FIG. 1, a side cover 3 is disposed on the open end surface of a substantially bowl-shaped casing 1 via a circle ring 2, and is fastened to the casing 1 with several assembly screws 4. On the other hand, a magnetic clutch 5 is attached to the outer periphery of the convex portion of the casing 1, and a drive shaft 7 is held at the center of the casing 1 via a radial bearing 6.
It is connected with key 8. Further, a mechanical sealing device 4$10 is provided between the casing 1 and the drive shaft 7 and is prevented from being removed by a clip 9.

Inside the casing 1 there is a motion conversion mechanism 11 and a
A chamber assembly 12 is housed therein. Here, in the motion conversion mechanism 11, a disk-shaped piston support 13 has its center part fixedly connected to the outer periphery of a heavy cylinder 7A attached to one end of the drive #7, and a spherical part of the piston 14 is attached to the inner end surface of the outer periphery. 15 is rotatably held.

Next, the working chamber assembly 12 includes a cylinder block 17 having a plurality of through holes 16 provided at equal intervals, and a cylinder block 17 having a plurality of through holes 16 provided at equal intervals;
Piston 14 fitted into 6. High pressure chamber 18 and control room 1
The high pressure fluid generated in the cylinder block 1
7 to seal the through hole 16. It consists of an opening/closing plate 21.

Note that the opening/closing plate 21 also seals the dividing surface with the cylinder head due to the sliding resistance generated when pressed by the cylinder block 17.

Further, a rotating shaft 23 whose one end is held by the side cover 3 via a radial bearing 22 is coupled and fixed to the center of the cylinder block 17. Said rotation! 1iIII2
A ball support 24 is fitted to the inner periphery of the ball support 24, and faces a center ball 26 having a ball portion 25 press-fitted into the inner periphery of the ball support 23A.

In the above, when the rotating shaft 7 is rotated by the internal combustion engine, for example, the piston support 13 is rotated in synchronization with the rotating shaft 7. When the piston support 13 and the cylinder block 17 are synchronized in this way and rotate counterclockwise, for example, as shown in FIG. It is in a position moved to the (BDC) side. As the cylinder block 17 rotates to the left and moves, the piston 14 moves toward the bottom dead center, and near the suction end end of the low pressure chamber 27, the piston 14 is located slightly closer to the top dead center than the bottom dead center. When the cylinder block 17 further rotates and moves, the opening/closing plate 21 and the cylinder head 20 seal the through hole 16, and the discharge boat 28 is closed on the way.
The piston 14 reaches the top dead center while discharging compressed fluid from the piston 14.

The above is a description of the case where variable capacitance is not performed, and the case where variable capacitance is performed is as follows.

In FIG. 1, the structure of the passage switching valve 40 provided inside the side cover 3 is as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
A small hole 41° communicating with the control chamber 19; a high pressure introduction path 42 communicating with the high pressure chamber 18; High pressure outlet path 43 communicating with the low pressure chamber 27
．． and a solenoid valve 44 that switches between the high pressure inlet passage 42 and the high pressure outlet passage 43.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, the opening/closing plate 21 can slide on any dividing surface 45 of the cylinder head 20, and is prevented from rotating by the side cover 3 by the protrusion 2OA and the protrusion 2LA.

If a large capacity is to be obtained, the solenoid valve 44 is energized and the high pressure introduction path 42 is opened as shown in FIG. Since the opening/closing plate 21 is pressed by the cylinder block 17, it operates in the same manner as described above, and a large capacity can be obtained.

In addition, 45 is a circle, which connects the outer periphery of the convex portion 21A and the control chamber 19.
is sealed.

On the other hand, when it is desired to reduce the capacity, as shown in FIG. ．． It is led out to the low pressure chamber 27 via the high pressure lead-out path 43,
The control chamber 19 becomes a low pressure fluid equivalent to the low pressure chamber 27. For this reason, the opening/closing plate 21 is pushed toward the side cover 3 side due to the pressure difference due to the fluid that is slightly compressed than the low-pressure fluid in the through hole 16, and a gap 46 is created between the opening and closing plate 21 and the cylinder block 17. flows as a low-pressure fluid without being compressed. When the first through hole 16 passes through the opening/closing plate 21, the remaining fluid is compressed and the high pressure chamber 18 is compressed.
Therefore, the capacity can be reduced.

Incidentally, the dividing position Ii7 between the cylinder head 20 and the opening/closing plate 21 should be appropriately selected based on the specification of at which 8 degrees the capacity is to be switched.

6 and 7, a piston 47 is provided to facilitate the processing of the opening/closing plate 21. When the piston 47 moves, the opening/closing plate 21 moves, and its operating principle is the same as that described above. be.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, an efficient variable capacity bed fluid machine can be obtained6.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fluid machine equipped with a variable displacement mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a fluid machine equipped with a variable displacement mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. , 16
...Through hole, 17...Cylinder block, 19...
- Control room, 21... Opening/closing plate, 40... Passage switching valve. 41...Small hole, 42...High pressure introduction path, 43...High pressure outlet path.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A working fluid chamber formed by the piston and the through hole by arranging a piston in a through hole of a cylinder block that is in a fixed relationship with a rotary shaft that is engaged with a rotary shaft supported by the rotary shaft, and rotating the cylinder block. In a fluid machine that sucks fluid from a low pressure chamber and discharges it to a high pressure chamber, an opening/closing plate is provided for releasing fluid filled in the working fluid chamber to the low pressure chamber while the working fluid chamber is in a compression process, and the A fluid machine equipped with a variable capacity mechanism, characterized in that a side cover located on the back side of the opening/closing plate is provided with a control chamber for controlling opening/closing of the opening/closing plate and a passage switching valve. 2. 2. A fluid machine equipped with a variable capacity mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the opening/closing plate is provided by dividing a cylinder head for sealing the cylinder block. 3. Claim 2 provides a fluid machine equipped with a variable displacement mechanism, wherein the opening/closing plate has a convex cross section and is disposed on the inner circumference of the control chamber via a seal ring. . 4. The variable capacity variable capacity according to claim 2, wherein the opening/closing plate has a convex cross section and is disposed on the inner periphery of the control chamber together with a piston with a seal ring interposed on the outer periphery. A fluid machine with a mechanism.