JPS62257111A - Adjusting method for coupling center wavelength of optical directional coupler - Google Patents
Adjusting method for coupling center wavelength of optical directional couplerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62257111A JPS62257111A JP10062886A JP10062886A JPS62257111A JP S62257111 A JPS62257111 A JP S62257111A JP 10062886 A JP10062886 A JP 10062886A JP 10062886 A JP10062886 A JP 10062886A JP S62257111 A JPS62257111 A JP S62257111A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- core
- optical fiber
- center wavelength
- directional coupler
- coupling center
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1S(=O)CC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
- G02B6/2826—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals using mechanical machining means for shaping of the couplers, e.g. grinding or polishing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
- G02B6/2826—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals using mechanical machining means for shaping of the couplers, e.g. grinding or polishing
- G02B6/283—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals using mechanical machining means for shaping of the couplers, e.g. grinding or polishing couplers being tunable or adjustable
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
ｒ産業上の利用分野Ｊ
本発明はエバネセント型光方向性結合器におけける結合
中心波長調整方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION r Industrial Field of Application J The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the coupling center wavelength in an evanescent optical directional coupler.
ｒ従来の技術Ｊ
既知の通り、エバネセント型光方向性結合器の場合は、
その主体たるマルチコア光ファイバにおいてクラッド内
の各コア（シングルモード型先導波路）相互が近接して
いるとき、これらコアから漏出した光のフィールドの重
なりにより、導波路相互で電力の結合が生じる。rPrior art J As is known, in the case of an evanescent optical directional coupler,
When the cores (single-mode leading waveguides) in the cladding of a multi-core optical fiber are in close proximity to each other, power coupling occurs between the waveguides due to overlapping fields of light leaking from these cores.
かかる光方向性結合器として、導波路間の伝搬定数差Δ
β−〇を実現すべく、互いに近接した二つのコアを備え
たものが知られている。As such an optical directional coupler, the propagation constant difference Δ between the waveguides is
In order to realize β-0, a device having two cores close to each other is known.
以下、その原理等につき、第８図を参照して説明する。The principle etc. will be explained below with reference to FIG.
第８図の場合、断面円形からなる二つの細長い光導波路
すなわちコア１．２がクラッド３内において互いに近接
している。In the case of FIG. 8, two elongated optical waveguides or cores 1.2 having circular cross sections are located close to each other within the cladding 3. In the case of FIG.
これらコア１．２において、その半径がａｌ、ａ２、比
屈折率差がΔｌ、Δ２、伝搬定数がβ１．β２であると
き、Δ１〉△２、ａ１ｖΔ１．ａ２１Δ２のごとくパラ
メータを設定すると、これら伝搬定数βｌ。In these cores 1.2, the radius is al, a2, the relative refractive index difference is Δl, Δ2, and the propagation constant is β1. When β2, Δ1>Δ2, a1vΔ1. When the parameters are set like a21Δ2, these propagation constants βl.
β２の波長依存性は第９図のようになり、ある波長にお
いてΔβ・０とすることができる（第９図のｎｃはクラ
ッド３の屈折率）。The wavelength dependence of β2 is as shown in FIG. 9, and can be set to Δβ·0 at a certain wavelength (nc in FIG. 9 is the refractive index of the cladding 3).
一方、光結合度の波長依存性は第１０図のようになる。On the other hand, the wavelength dependence of the degree of optical coupling is as shown in FIG.
したがって、波長入ｌにおける結合長しの奇数倍の光導
波路すなわちコアを用いるとき、一方のコアｌから入射
した波長入Ｉの光は、エバネセント結合により他方のコ
ア２から出射され、しかもこの際、波長入２の光はその
結合が無視できるほど小さいため、入射したコアｌから
そのまま出射されるようになり、かかる特性により光合
分波器として機能する。Therefore, when using an optical waveguide, that is, a core whose coupling length is an odd number multiple of the coupling length at the wavelength input l, the light at the wavelength input I entering from one core l is emitted from the other core 2 by evanescent coupling, and at this time, Since the coupling of the light at wavelength 2 is so small as to be ignored, it is directly emitted from the core 1 into which it entered, and due to this characteristic, it functions as an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer.
また、Ｌ（ｍ◆１／２）の長さのコアを用いるとき（１
士自然数）、コア１あるいはコア２から入射した波長入
ｌの光が等分割され、これらが両コア１．２から出射さ
れるので、光分岐器としても利用可能である。Also, when using a core with a length of L (m◆1/2), (1
Since the light having a wavelength of 1 incident from the core 1 or the core 2 is equally divided and emitted from both cores 1 and 2, it can also be used as an optical splitter.
１発明が解決しようとする問題点」
上記従来例の場合、エバネセント型光方向性結合器の特
性が、光導波路（コア）の寸法、比屈折率差などのパラ
メータに依存して定まるが、これらパラメータには高精
度が要求されので、所望特性の光方向性結合器を得るに
は、かなりの難度がともなう。1. Problems to be Solved by the Invention" In the case of the above conventional example, the characteristics of the evanescent optical directional coupler are determined depending on parameters such as the dimensions of the optical waveguide (core) and the relative refractive index difference. Since high precision is required for the parameters, it is quite difficult to obtain an optical directional coupler with desired characteristics.
本発明は上記の問題点に鑑み、エバネセント型光方向性
結合器において、その結合中心波長が容易に調整（制御
）することのできる方法を提供しようとするものである
。In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method of easily adjusting (controlling) the coupling center wavelength in an evanescent optical directional coupler.
ｒ問題点を解決するための手段１
本発明方法装置は所期の目的を達成するため、エバネセ
ント型光方向性結合器において、当該光方向性結合器に
加重を加えて、各コア相互にわたる光の結合中心波長を
調整（制御）することを特徴とする。Means for Solving Problem 1 In order to achieve the intended purpose, the method and device of the present invention adds weight to the optical directional coupler in an evanescent type optical directional coupler to increase the amount of light across each core. It is characterized by adjusting (controlling) the coupling center wavelength of.
「実 施 例１
以下、本発明方法の実施例につき、図面を参照して説明
する。``Example 1'' Examples of the method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
本発明方法に用いるエバネセント型光方向性結合器は二
つ以上の光導波路すなわちコアを備えたマルチコア光フ
ァイバからなる。The evanescent optical directional coupler used in the method of the present invention consists of a multi-core optical fiber having two or more optical waveguides or cores.
その−例を示した第１図において、マルチコア光ファイ
バ１０は、シングルモード型かならる二つの光導波路す
なわちコア１１．１２を有し、その一方のコア１１はク
ラッド１３の外径中心近くに位置しているとともに、そ
の他方のコア１２は上記一方のコア１１に近接している
。In FIG. 1 showing an example thereof, a multi-core optical fiber 10 has two single-mode optical waveguides, ie, cores 11 and 12, and one of the cores 11 is located near the center of the outer diameter of the cladding 13. The other core 12 is located close to the one core 11.
本発明方法の一実施例では、エバネセント型光方向性結
合器の主体たる上記マルチコア光ファイバ１０において
、その一端を公知の固定具（図示せず）により固定し、
その他端を公知の治具（図示せず）により保持した後、
保持用の治具を介して当該光ファイバ１０に第２図のご
とく捻り加重（外力）を加える。In one embodiment of the method of the present invention, one end of the multi-core optical fiber 10, which is the main body of the evanescent optical directional coupler, is fixed with a known fixture (not shown),
After holding the other end with a known jig (not shown),
A twisting load (external force) is applied to the optical fiber 10 via a holding jig as shown in FIG.
このとき、マルチコア光ファイバｌＯの長手方向中間部
では、二つのコア１１．１２が第３図のような捻れ状態
になる。At this time, the two cores 11 and 12 are in a twisted state as shown in FIG. 3 at the longitudinally intermediate portion of the multi-core optical fiber IO.
ここで、コア１１．１２の伝搬足取をβｌ、β２とする
と、マルチコア光ファイバ１０に捻りを加えないときの
伝搬定数βｌ、β２の波長特性は、第４図実線の状態を
呈し、中心結合波長入が存在するが、当該マルチコア光
ファイバ１０に捻りを加えると、両伝搬定数βｌ、β２
の光ファイバ長手方向の成分がβ１ｅａｓθｌ、β２
ＣｏＳβ２のようになる。Here, assuming that the propagation trajectories of the cores 11 and 12 are βl and β2, the wavelength characteristics of the propagation constants βl and β2 when no twist is applied to the multi-core optical fiber 10 exhibit the state shown by the solid line in Figure 4, and the central coupling However, when the multi-core optical fiber 10 is twisted, both propagation constants βl and β2
The components in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber are β1easθl, β2
It becomes like CoSβ2.
β１．β２は第３図を参照して明らかな通り、コア１１
．１２の通る光の進行方向と、これらコア１１．１２と
のなす角度であって０くβ１くβ２くπ／２の関係を有
し、しかも、一方のコア１１が他方のコア１２よりも内
側（光ファイバ中心側）に位置しているので、Ｏｌ、β
２についてはｃｏｓθ１＞ ｃｏｓθ２の関係が成立す
る。β1. As is clear from FIG. 3, β2 is the core 11
．． 12 and the angle formed by these cores 11 and 12, which has a relationship of 0 × β1 × β2 × π/2, and one core 11 is inner than the other core 12. (center side of the optical fiber), so Ol, β
2, the relationship cos θ1>cos θ2 holds true.
したがって、捻りが加えられた上記マルチコア光ファイ
バｌＯの場合、その伝搬定数の波長特性が第４図点線の
ごとく変化し、結合中心波長λ′が得られるので、その
捻れの度合を加減することにより当該結合中心波長が調
整できる。Therefore, in the case of the above-mentioned multi-core optical fiber lO which has been twisted, the wavelength characteristic of its propagation constant changes as shown by the dotted line in Figure 4, and the coupling center wavelength λ' is obtained, so by adjusting the degree of twist, The coupling center wavelength can be adjusted.
なお、マルチコア光ファイバに捻りを加えた場合、その
捻れによる伝搬定数の変化が圧倒的に大きいため、他の
要因による伝搬定数の変化は無視できる。Note that when a multi-core optical fiber is twisted, the change in the propagation constant due to the twist is overwhelmingly large, so changes in the propagation constant due to other factors can be ignored.
つぎに、本発明方法の他の実施例では、マルチコア光フ
ァイバｌＯの両端を治具により保持し、当該マルチコア
光ファイバ１０に第５図のごとき曲げ加重を加えて、そ
の結合中心波長を調整する。Next, in another embodiment of the method of the present invention, both ends of the multi-core optical fiber 10 are held by a jig, and a bending load as shown in FIG. 5 is applied to the multi-core optical fiber 10 to adjust its coupling center wavelength. .
マルチコア光ファイバｌＯに曲げを加えた場合、光弾性
効果による屈折率変化が伝搬定数変化の主要因となり、
その屈折率変化は、ｎ＝１．４８、Δｎ：屈折率変化量
とし、ｓ＝ｌΔＬル、ΔＬ：光ファイバの伸び量、Ｌ：
光ファイバの長さ、−記号：屈折率低下とした場合、Δ
ｎ／ｎａ−０，２２ｇにより求まる。When a multi-core optical fiber IO is bent, the refractive index change due to the photoelastic effect becomes the main cause of the propagation constant change.
The refractive index change is n=1.48, Δn: amount of refractive index change, s=lΔL, ΔL: amount of elongation of the optical fiber, L:
Length of optical fiber, - symbol: When the refractive index is reduced, Δ
Determined by n/na-0.22g.
第５図にようにしてマルチコア光ファイバｌＯを曲げ、
その光ファイバ中心の曲率半径をＲ、コア１１の曲率半
径からＲを減じた値をＲ１、コア１２の曲率半径からＲ
を減じた値をＲ２とすると、コア１１．１２の伸び量Δ
Ｌｌ、ΔＬ２は、それぞれＲＩＬ／Ｒ，Ｒ２Ｌ／Ｒとな
る。Bend the multi-core optical fiber lO as shown in Figure 5,
The radius of curvature at the center of the optical fiber is R, the value obtained by subtracting R from the radius of curvature of the core 11 is R1, and the radius of curvature of the core 12 is R.
If the value obtained by subtracting is R2, then the elongation amount Δ of the core 11.12
Ll and ΔL2 become RIL/R and R2L/R, respectively.
この場合、伝搬定数は伸び量ΔＬｌ、ΔＬ２に応じて変
化するため、第６図のごと〈β１′、β２ となり、結
合中心波長が入゛′となる。In this case, since the propagation constant changes according to the elongation amounts ΔLl and ΔL2, <β1', β2 are obtained as shown in FIG. 6, and the coupling center wavelength becomes in'.
かかる実施例の場合も、マルチコア光ファイバ１０の曲
げ度合を加減をすることにより、その結合中心波長が調
整できる。In the case of this embodiment as well, the coupling center wavelength can be adjusted by adjusting the degree of bending of the multi-core optical fiber 10.
さらに、本発明方法におけるその他の実施例では、マル
チコア光ファイバ１０の両端を治具により保持し、当該
マルチコア光ファイバ１０に引張り加重を加えて、その
結合中心波長を調整する。Furthermore, in another embodiment of the method of the present invention, both ends of the multi-core optical fiber 10 are held by a jig, and a tensile load is applied to the multi-core optical fiber 10 to adjust its coupling center wavelength.
この実施例の場合も、屈折率変化が伝搬定数変化の主要
因であり、コア１１．１２の伸び量が互いに等しいので
、その伝搬定数は、第７図のごとくβｌ”’、β２”゛
となる。In the case of this embodiment as well, the refractive index change is the main cause of the propagation constant change, and since the amount of elongation of the cores 11 and 12 is equal to each other, the propagation constants are βl''' and β2''' as shown in FIG. Become.
もちろんこの実施例でも、マルチコア光ファイバ１０の
引張度合を加減をすることにより、その結合中心波長が
調整できる。Of course, in this embodiment as well, the coupling center wavelength can be adjusted by adjusting the degree of tension of the multi-core optical fiber 10.
本発明方法は、上記各実施例で述べたごとく、マルチコ
ア光ファイバ１０に加重を加えることにより、結合中心
波長を調整調整するが、この際、二種以上の加重をマル
チコア光ファイバｌＯに加えてもよい。As described in the above embodiments, the method of the present invention adjusts the coupling center wavelength by applying weight to the multi-core optical fiber 10. At this time, two or more types of weights are applied to the multi-core optical fiber IO. Good too.
なお、マルチコア光ファイバ１０に、曲げ加重とその他
の加重とを同時に加えるとき、マルチコア光ファイバ１
０を曲げ治具に沿わせて曲げるようにしながら、当該マ
ルチコア光ファイバ１ｏに他の加重をかければよい。Note that when applying bending load and other loads to the multi-core optical fiber 10 at the same time, the multi-core optical fiber 1
While bending the multi-core optical fiber 1o along the bending jig, another load may be applied to the multi-core optical fiber 1o.
ｒ発明の効果１ 以上説明した通り、本発明方法によるときは。Effect of invention 1 As explained above, when using the method of the present invention.
マルチコア光ファイバなるエバネセント型光方向性結合
器において、その光方向性結合器に加重を加えて、各コ
ア相互にわたる光の結合中心波長を調整（制御）するか
ら、烏該結合中心波長が容易にかつ高精度に調整（制御
）できる。In an evanescent optical directional coupler that is a multi-core optical fiber, the coupling center wavelength of light across each core is adjusted (controlled) by adding weight to the optical directional coupler, so that the coupling center wavelength can be easily adjusted. And it can be adjusted (controlled) with high precision.
第１図は本発明方法における光方向性結合器の一例を示
した斜視図、第２図は本発明方法の一実施例を示した斜
視図、第３図は第２図■−ｍ部分の拡大図、第４図は第
２図の実施例における伝搬定数の波長依存性を示した説
明図、第５図は本発明方法の他実施例を示した斜視図、
第６図は第５図の実施例における伝搬定数の波長依存性
を示した説明図、第７図は本発明方法におけるその他の
実施例の伝搬定数の波長依存性を示した説明図、第８図
は従来例の光方向性結合器の一例を示した斜視図、第９
図は従来例における伝搬定数の波長依存性を示した説明
図、第１０図は光結合度の波長依存性を示した説明図で
ある。
１０・・・・・・・・マルチコア光ファイバ（光方向性
結合器）
１１φ・・争・ΦΦ・コア
１２・・・・・争ψ・コア
１３・・・・・・・・クラッド
代理人 弁理士 斎 藤 義 雄
第１図 第２３
第３図 第４図
第７図 第６図
第９図
第１０図
１欠FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an optical directional coupler in the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the method of the present invention, and FIG. An enlarged view, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the propagation constant in the embodiment of FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the method of the present invention.
6 is an explanatory diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the propagation constant in the embodiment of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the propagation constant in another embodiment of the method of the present invention, and FIG. The figure is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional optical directional coupler.
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the propagation constant in a conventional example, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the degree of optical coupling. 10・・・・・・Multi-core optical fiber (optical directional coupler) 11φ・・・Conflict・ΦΦ・Core 12・・・・・・Conflict φ・Core 13・・・・・・・・・Clad agent Patent attorney Yoshio Saifuji Figure 1 Figure 23 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 7 Figure 6 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 1 missing
Claims (3)
の各コアが互いに近接しているエバネセント型光方向性
結合器において、当該光方向性結合器に加重を加えて、
各コア相互にわたる光の結合中心波長を調整することを
特徴とする光方向性結合器における結合中心波長調整方
法。(1) In an evanescent optical directional coupler consisting of a multi-core optical fiber, in which each core in the cladding is close to each other, by adding weight to the optical directional coupler,
A method for adjusting a coupling center wavelength in an optical directional coupler, the method comprising adjusting the coupling center wavelength of light extending between each core.
イバが、クラッドの外径中心近くに位置する中心近傍の
コアと、その中心近傍のコアに近接するコアとを備えた
２コア光ファイバからなる特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
光方向性結合器における結合中心波長調整方法。(2) The multi-core optical fiber constituting the optical directional coupler is a two-core optical fiber comprising a core near the center located near the center of the outer diameter of the cladding and a core close to the core near the center. A method for adjusting a coupling center wavelength in an optical directional coupler according to claim 1.
捻りの一つ以上である特許請求の範囲第１項記載の光方
向性結合器における結合中心波長調整方法。(3) The load applied to the optical directional coupler is bending, tension,
A coupling center wavelength adjustment method in an optical directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the coupling center wavelength is adjusted by one or more twists.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10062886A JPS62257111A (en) | 1986-04-30 | 1986-04-30 | Adjusting method for coupling center wavelength of optical directional coupler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10062886A JPS62257111A (en) | 1986-04-30 | 1986-04-30 | Adjusting method for coupling center wavelength of optical directional coupler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62257111A true JPS62257111A (en) | 1987-11-09 |
Family
ID=14279100
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10062886A Pending JPS62257111A (en) | 1986-04-30 | 1986-04-30 | Adjusting method for coupling center wavelength of optical directional coupler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62257111A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011237782A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-11-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Optical branch element and optical communication system including the same |
-
1986
- 1986-04-30 JP JP10062886A patent/JPS62257111A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011237782A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-11-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Optical branch element and optical communication system including the same |
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