JPS62232547A - X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus for metal - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To drastically enhance a signal/noise ratio and to perform the accurate X-ray fluoroscopy of a metal with density resolving power, by a method wherein X-rays transmitting through a test piece is converted to an image to pick up said image and, further, the picked-up image is converted to an image suitable for observation by an image processing means. CONSTITUTION:X-rays emitting from an X-ray generator 8 and collimated by a collimator lens 12 irradiate the test piece 16 melted and injected in the casting mold 18 in a heating apparatus 20 in order to reproduce V-shaped segregation. The image converted by an image convertor 24 is picked up by a camera 28 to be guided to an image processing unit 30 and the image pickup signal of the test piece hourly advancing in solidification is sent. A signal/noise ratio is improved on the basis of time integration and moving average by the unit 30 and the change of a fluoroscopic image is extracted on the basis of the difference between images to display an image and, further, a gray level is adjusted to be outputted to an image recording apparatus 32. Therefore, the signal/noise ratio of the fluoroscopic X-ray image is enhanced drastically and the accurate X-ray fluoroscopy of a metal can be performed with high density resolving power.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to an X-ray fluoroscopic observation device for metals, and in particular, it is suitable for tracking the solidification process of steel ingots and continuously cast slabs, and for detecting defects in products and semi-finished products. This invention relates to a fluoroscopic observation device.

[Conventional technology]

In general, regarding the tracking of the solidification process of steel ingots and continuously cast slabs, tracking of the progress of the solid-liquid interface, tracking of the inverted V segregation formation process, tracking of the blowhole formation process at the early stage of solidification, and the formation process of shrinkage pores at the final stage, Mold - air gap on the surface of the steel ingot, slag film (
The formation process of continuous casting is being tracked. In addition, regarding the quantification of defects in products and semi-finished products, inclusions, bubble separation windows and cracks are quantified. However, it is extremely difficult to track the solidification process of steel or nonferrous metals during solidification. Therefore, in the past, very macroscopic methods were used, such as the so-called bar test based on the reach distance of an insoluble rod, the thermocouple method based on the time it took to reach the liquid phase or solid phase of 1!1lyA degrees, and the breakout method that drained the remaining liquid. The most common method was to estimate the solidification process from the structure of the slab after solidification. On the other hand, in addition to pores and cracks, many nonmetallic inclusions also exist in metal castings and processed products. Detection of these defects by X-ray transmission is carried out by fixing some of the transmitted X1affi on an industrial film and measuring it.
It is used for product quality control. This is done by taking advantage of the fact that the density of areas containing this type of defect is lower than that of normal areas.
Pores and inclusions of about 0 μm are being detected.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, among the methods used to track the solidification process of pre-applied steel ingots and continuously cast slabs, the bar test method does not allow for differences in the measured solidification thickness due to the shape of the non-dissolvable bar, the pressing force, etc. Not only does it occur, but continuous measurement is difficult, and there is no way to know about the fine flow of residual molten steel whose melting point has been lowered due to the local solid-liquid interface shape or melting abyss. Also, in the thermocouple method,
The progress of solidification is known from the time change in temperature at a specific point within the steel ingot, but at the start of solidification, a singular point appears in the time differential value of temperature on the one-hour temperature curve, so it is difficult to detect it. However, it is difficult to detect the point at which solidification is complete. Further, although this method is valuable in knowing the progress of coagulation at a specific point, it is virtually impossible to obtain two-dimensional information. Furthermore, in the Boerefout method, the position of the solid-liquid coexisting phase to be discharged differs depending on the physical properties of the residual BIA liquid at the time of breakout, the discharge method, and the position within the steel ingot, and areas with a high solid phase ratio are generally not discharged. It had a real problem with the cap. Therefore, it is virtually impossible to know the microstructure near the solid-liquid interface by any method, and 15. As for the formation mechanism of V segregation, inverted V segregation, or shrinkage pores, speculation after speculation is necessary. The reality is that the situation was simmering. There is an academic report on tracking the solidification process of metals, and an example of '3o1idHi' is an example in which X-rays are transmitted through a test piece and one image is converted and recorded on a videotape recorder.
Caion and Casting or Met
als, 1977 No. 34 of 5heffield
In this report, experiments were conducted on Aβ-Cu and ΔA-Au alloys of only 0.3 uFJ in a temperature range up to 600°C. However, although an extremely small XtQ distance is sufficient for transmitting an ultrathin sample of about 0°3, there is an undeniable problem that it is too thin for quantitatively understanding the coagulation phenomenon. Beaten, thickness 0.3
The interfacial tension with the non-metallic material that holds the 0.3 nm thick molten metal on the uP2 platform is not ignored, and the disturbance of the interfacial tension enters the solidification process of the metal. The influence of thickness on the resulting heat transfer cannot be ignored. Furthermore, like steel, the vA temperature is 14
Lifting platforms that exceed 00°C have problems such as the strong risk that the captured solidification phenomenon may be essentially changed, especially for ultra-thin samples such as 0.3 mm. By the way, are you an X-ray expert? ! Direct J1 observation of the image or recording of the image is
In particular, d3 is widely used for the purpose of discovering lesions in the human body.
9089, but in this case, the density of the object to be inspected, that is, the human body, is around 1, and in the case of the metal targeted by the present invention, the density is 3 or more. It goes without saying that X-ray fluoroscopy and recording techniques are much more difficult than those for the human body. Measuring the solidification tip position is extremely important in controlling the solidification of steel ingots and continuously cast slabs. For this reason, especially for continuously cast slabs, electromagnetic ultrasonic waves are used to measure solid and liquid steel. A method for measuring the thickness of residual molten steel by utilizing the speed difference of ultrasonic waves inside is also disclosed. However, the information obtained by this electromagnetic ultrasound method cannot necessarily be used effectively for controlling center segregation. This is because the center segregation of continuously cast slabs occurs following the movement of concentrated molten steel in a viscous layer with a solid fraction of 0.6 or more, and electromagnetic ultrasonic waves can This is because physical movement of molten steel is difficult to detect. On the other hand, no attempt has been made to use X-rays in a continuous casting machine. This is because the film method using a normal X-ray tube has a small number of transmitted X-ray apertures, which has many drawbacks in terms of time resolution, and the use of powerful X-ray sources such as Betatron and Linac produces an excessive amount of leakage radiation. This is because the radiation source and the transmitted X-ray detector also require shielding equipment made of giant lead (thickness: 30 nm, 1 degree) and concrete (thickness: 300 nPi! degrees). Therefore, in reality, it is assumed that no technology has been disclosed for transmitting X IQi to a moving object such as a continuous EIi casting slab. On the other hand, the conventional X-ray transmission method used for quantifying defects in the latter products and semi-finished products has a considerably low density resolution, making it difficult to distinguish between inclusions and pores. In addition, analysis of the distribution characteristics of this type of defect begins by observing the X-ray film with transmitted light and measuring the number and size of the defects, but it takes a considerable amount of time to make the film and analyze it. However, there were problems in that it required a lot of time and increased costs.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems.It dramatically improves the signal-to-noise ratio of transmitted X-ray images, and enables accurate X-ray observation of metals with high density resolution. The first object of the present invention is to provide an xI!2 fluoroscopic observation device for metals that is suitable for identifying minute density changes.The present invention also aims to identify voids (defects) in solids such as products and semi-finished products.
And XI for metals suitable for solid foreign matter separation room R! A second purpose is to provide a two-perspective observation device. Furthermore, a third object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray fluoroscopy apparatus for metals suitable for tracking the solidification process of steel ingots and continuously cast slabs.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention is an X-ray fluoroscopic observation device for metals, in which a collimated fluoroscopic X-ray flux is irradiated toward an object to be measured.
A radiation projection means, an X-ray protection means for suppressing the amount of X-rays leaking from the X-ray projection means, an image conversion means for converting the X-rays transmitted through the object to be measured into an image, and a corresponding to the intensity of the transmitted X-rays. The apparatus comprises: an imaging means for filling a fluoroscopic image, an image processing means for processing the imaging signal and converting it into an image suitable for viewing, and an image recording means for displaying or recording at least the processed image. This accomplishes the first objective. Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray projection means includes a metal X-ray tube having a metal casing and a light metal gAiiiIwA as an X-ray extraction port. Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the image processing means is
It has a time integration function and a moving average function for a predetermined time interval to improve the No. 45 to noise ratio of the image signal, and a function to electrically extract changes in the imaging signal over time and display it as an image. It includes an inter-image difference function and a gray level adjustment function for correcting local gray level differences within the same image. Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the timing of the moving average and the timing of the difference interval can be changed. The present invention also provides an X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus for metals as described above, further comprising a dissolving means for dissolving the object to be measured, and a coagulating means for holding and solidifying the melted object to be measured. By adding this, the second purpose of the Crystal Record was achieved. Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the melting means heats the object to be measured using high frequency. Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the solidification means is a container made of carbonaceous or carbonaceous refractory packaging. In the gold layer X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus as described above, the present invention further provides at least the X-ray projection means, the X-ray protection means, the image conversion means, and the m-image means for moving the measurement target region. The third objective is achieved by adding a moving means for moving together.

[Effect]

As already mentioned, there are many difficulties in directly observing the solidification process of metals, but the inventors conducted many experiments in order to use steel with a thickness of 40IllI1 or more for the test pieces, and the largest test piece was 1').
test strip f up to 00℃
This technology has been developed to make 1 possible. That is, the present invention provides a 1m x 1m perspective observation device for metals.
An XP2 projection means for directing a collimated fluoroscopic X-ray beam toward the object to be measured; a first stage of X-ray protection for suppressing moisture leaking from the X-ray projection means; an image converting means for converting transmitted X-rays into an image; an m-image means for axially characterizing a fluoroscopic image corresponding to the transmitted XLa intensity; and an image processing means for processing the imaging signal and converting it into an image suitable for observation. , and image recording means for displaying or recording at least the processed image. Therefore, the thickness and applicable temperature range of the target test No. 1 can be expanded, and the applicability as a device for observing the solidification process can be dramatically increased.
! The signal-to-noise ratio of the IIi image signal can be increased, and the temporal resolution can also be improved. Therefore, it becomes possible to accurately examine metals with X-rays with high density resolution. Further, when the X-ray projection means includes a metal X-ray tube having a metal wire casing and a light metal thin film as an XIa extraction port, it is possible to irradiate a predetermined dose of X-ray flux for a limited time. This makes it possible to avoid dissipating excessive X-rays. Further, the image processing means has a time integration function and a moving average function at a predetermined time interval for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging signal, and electrically extracts changes in the IA signal over time. The signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by displaying the difference between images as an image, and if it includes a gray level adjustment function to correct local gray level differences within the same image. It is possible to display an easy-to-see i-image signal by increasing the image quality. Furthermore, if the timing of the moving average and the timing of the difference section can be changed, appropriate timing can be easily achieved depending on the thickness of the object to be measured. The present invention also provides an X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus for metals as described above, which further includes a dissolving means for dissolving the object to be measured, and a coagulating means for holding the melted object to be measured (and a coagulating means for solidifying the object). Therefore, the progress of solidification of metal products and semi-finished products can be easily observed, and voids (defects) in solids and solid foreign objects can be easily separated and quantified. When the melting means heats the measurement object with high frequency, the melting time can be shortened and the temperature of the molten metal can be easily adjusted. When the container is made of high-quality refractory packaging, there is no reaction with molten metal, and X-ray absorption is as low as possible. Furthermore, a moving means is added for moving at least the X-ray projection means, the X-ray protection means, the image conversion means, and the imaging means in accordance with the movement of the measurement target part. The progress of solidification of continuously cast slabs can be easily observed, and the solidification process can be easily tracked.

【Example】

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Examples of the xa fluoroscopic observation apparatus for metals according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The first embodiment of the present invention is suitable for quantifying defects in products and semi-finished products by performing X-ray fluoroscopy during solidification of metal, and as shown in FIG. 1, x1! It mainly consists of a generator 8, a transmitted X-ray detector 23, an image processing device 30, and an image recording device 32. The X-ray generator f! 8 includes an X-ray tube 10, and a fluoroscopy XIi! The east side is taken out, and the collimator 12 removes weak X-rays around the X-ray bundle. The X-ray generator 8 includes a transmitted X-ray image converter 2.
In order to increase the X-ray intensity Xt just before 4, the generation xfi1
It is desirable that m is large and that the source is a point source as much as possible in order to improve resolution. However, the occurrence xmia
As the number of X-rays increases, the amount of X-rays leaking from the device increases, and if a protective wall such as a concrete wall with buried lead or the like is required to deal with this, the workability will be significantly degraded. In addition, in order to prevent excessive X-rays from being dissipated as much as possible, it is preferable that the warm-up period 11.1 be short, and in this case, it is possible to irradiate a predetermined dose of X-ray flux for a limited time. becomes. For this purpose, a so-called metal xia tube having a metal casing and a light metal thin film as the X-ray extraction port 10A is desirable. Even in this case, in order to suppress leakage as much as possible, a protective box 14 for the X-ray tube is provided.
It is necessary to mount a lead plate inside a steel box. The xliA irradiated from the X-ray generator 8 passes through the beryllium plate 15 and is irradiated onto the test piece, which is the object to be measured. This test piece is placed in a mold 18, which is a container for solidifying the test piece, and heated using a heating device W120.
It is also arranged on the insertion and movement device 22. The mold 18 for solidifying the test piece is preferably one that absorbs as little X-rays as possible as long as there is no reaction with the molten steel, and is generally suitable when the carbonaceous or carbon refractory is steel. ing. Of course, in the case of low melting point non-ferrous metals, W
A juA plate or a glassy substance can also be used. In addition, when performing X-ray fluoroscopy with such equipment a, do not melt! M
bi is limited, and it is difficult to reproduce, for example, ■-shaped or inverted V-shaped segregation that occurs inside large steel ingots or large-scale casting sheds. Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to reproduce the (1) or inverted V-shaped segregation, a heating device 20 is installed to surround the mold 18 and heat the mold 18 to a temperature of molten steel. This heating v
The t-position 20 may be of any type, but it is generally convenient to use a high-frequency type which can shorten the melting time and easily adjust the temperature of the molten steel. Note that during X-ray fluoroscopy, it goes without saying that the heating device 20 should be moved outside the X-ray fluoroscopy area so that it does not interfere with the fluoroscopy. The insertion and movement device η22 for inserting and moving the test piece to be subjected to X-ray fluoroscopy places the test piece on a jig or test piece stand 40 that matches the shape of the test piece as shown in FIG. The horizontal drive motors 42, 44 and vertical drive motors 46 allow the XI! The transmission surface can be moved over the entire required surface area within the sample. J3 in Figure 2
48 is a test piece storage box. Hey, since XIQ attenuates as the transmission distance increases,
It is desirable that the distance between the passing test piece and the X-ray generator and the distance between the test piece and the X-ray image converter 24 be as small as possible. However, since all of these devices are sensitive to high heat, a heat insulating plate 26 made of aluminum, for example, can be provided as necessary. The image transmitted through the test piece, passed through the beryllium plate 15, and converted into an image corresponding to the transmitted X-ray intensity by the image converter 24 is captured by a television camera 28, and then guided to an image processing device 30. . This image processing system V! 130, an imaging signal that changes from moment to moment as coagulation progresses is transferred, and the time integral of both edges of the transfer, the moving average of a predetermined vIUN interval, the difference between images, l!
Processing such as local gray level adjustment within the i-image is performed. Here, the time integration and moving average are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging signal, and the inter-image difference is used to electrically measure changes in the fluoroscopic image over time when tracking the coagulation process. It is intended to be extracted and displayed as a picture stock. Furthermore, adjusting the gray level at one point in the image is
Even within an image, differences in gray level occur due to reasons such as the X-ray M gradually decreasing as it moves away from the X-ray optical axis, so this is to correct this. When adjusting the gray level, for example, first see through a test piece that is uniform in thickness and properties, and memorize the changes in the gray level that you created yourself. It is necessary to correct the acquired imaging signal. The image signal processed by the image processing device 30 is sent to the image recording device 32. This picture - recording device! 232, the recording timing is [When expressed as i, E 1%E
i + + , ・ ・ ・ [i
The integral and average image of one image of +j are recorded in the recording device, and 1 is sequentially updated as necessary to record a new image. On the other hand, if necessary, L t 10 m N t l 10 m +1, "" L
The integral and average image of i + m + J and the difference image of the stored image are recorded on the same surface as the image as a new image while sequentially updating i. Note that the moving average timing j and the difference interval timing can be electrically changed as appropriate depending on the purpose. According to this embodiment, the image quality of the X-ray image signal is dramatically improved, and it is possible to obtain an image that is difficult to see because it is hidden in the cross-section with a single X-ray image signal. Also, when tracking the coagulation process, it is always possible to adjust the gray level of the image completely.
Gray level fluctuations that cannot be removed can also be completely removed by the differential image, making it possible to clearly extract IN changes in the image. Furthermore, the amount of xll required to be generated from the x-ray tube 10 to obtain an image with a constant signal-to-noise ratio can be significantly reduced, and therefore the amount of leakage x-rays can also be significantly reduced. Next, a first experimental example that embodies the first embodiment will be described. In this first experimental example, the X-ray tube 10 is a metal tube with a focus size of 0.8 m in diameter and a variable angle of 1°. The X12 spear by this X-ray tube is 320
kV, 10 mA power supply, 20 mA on axis
7000R/1n, 320 kV, 5 in On position
Same <350OR/Si when turning on mA power
n is the maximum. The collimator 12 has a thickness of 3 n
Electrically driven deformed lead plate inside? ! ! It was designed to be variable in the range of 3 to 2 On. The distances between the X-ray extraction port 10A and the center of the test piece, and between the center of the test piece and the image converter 24 of XI2 are all 3801 m, and therefore,
The magnification of the test piece is 2 times. In addition, X-ray tube 1
0 and the image converter 24 both have openings w4
It is installed in a manufacturing box 14.33, and is cooled to 50° C. or lower by a simple cold air blower δ34. The shape of the test steel ingot was 10 to 7011 mm thick, 300 mm wide, and 300 mm high.
The mold was poured into a mold 18 made of an alumina-graphite flat plate with a thickness of about 1 On with few pores on the inside and a graphite flat plate with a thickness of 1 On on the outside. Note that a graphite flat plate having a total thickness of 1011 mm was provided outside the mold for heat insulation. Only 19 of the steel ingot was changed, the moving average timing j and the difference interval timing were changed, and the No. 18 to-noise ratio and PB ratio of the imaging signal were determined. As a result, the relationship between the incident X-ray dose Xo and J, l in order to reduce the Pa ratio of a predetermined X-ray fluoroscopic image by 1q was determined using the specimen thickness as a parameter, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The results were obtained. As is clear from the figure, as the moving average timing j increases, the X-ray transmission rate of 1 g of the steel ingot increases significantly, and the PB ratio is improved by a small amount of the moving average. Also, the difference interval timing m is
As long as the setting is not too large, the Pa ratio will not be affected much, so it can be seen that the setting can be set appropriately to suit the purpose of XFj fluoroscopy. The density fluctuation that can be identified by this device is 0.04 o/d when the specimen thickness is 30 mm, and the leakage X-ray dose during X-ray fluoroscopy is 0.6251 in a range of 31 m1 from the device.
Ivy below R/hr. Next, as a second experimental example, using the apparatus of the first example, a sample with a thickness of 1 to 50 mm, a width of 300 mm, and a length of 300 mm was prepared.
A test piece was inserted into the test piece, and an attempt was made to detect the artificial defects embedded in this test piece. As a result, steel hardening, compared at the same time,
The PB ratio is improved by 0.3 to 0.4 in natural logarithm, and the required xi
It has been found that a sufficient Pa ratio can be obtained even if i is at least somewhat large. Figure 5 shows that the circular diameter of the defect in the test piece is γ, the plate thickness is d,
This figure shows the relationship between d/γ, d, and ρ when the defect density is ρ. As is clear from the figure, the curve in Figure 5 is stored in a computer, d/ρ is calculated from the measurement results of the specimen thickness and defect shape, and the position occupied with respect to the curve is displayed. By doing this, for example, it is possible to determine whether a defect present in the steel is a pore or a nonmetallic inclusion of 922.0 or more, and to display the shape distribution individually by image analysis or the like. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention suitable for tracking the solidification process of continuously cast slabs will be described in detail. This second embodiment has a configuration substantially similar to that of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. The fluoroscope is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
As shown in the figure, it is mounted so as to be movable in the horizontal direction at the solidifying end of a horizontal continuous casting machine, sandwiching a continuously cast slab 50 therebetween. That is, the X-ray generator 8 and the transmitted X-ray detection Hia 23, which are similar to those of the first embodiment, both have self-propelled wheels 52 (FIG. 8) that run on rails 54, and cast by the rolls 51. It is arranged to move in the moving direction (horizontal direction) together with the slab 50 in synchronization with the moving speed of the slab 50. The X-ray generator! ! 8 and the transmission X-ray detection device 23 are 0 to 10 m in accordance with the moving speed of the slab 50.
It is variable within the range of /l1in, and tt! iri is 0°0
11/sin. Note that the magnification of the fluoroscopic image is the same as that of the axial center when the axial center of the slab is the object of observation. & converter 2
It is given by Ha/b, where a is the distance of 4, and b is the distance between the axis and the X-ray generator 8.The smaller a is, the better the resolution is, so 0≦a≦ioo, b/a-0,5 It has a structure that can be moved within the range of ~3.0. Note that the X-ray generating device 8 and the transmitted X-ray detecting device 23 are both thermally weak, so considerable measures are required. The structure is such that X-rays enter and exit through the plate 26, and the heat insulating plate 26, the X-ray generator V18, and the transmitted X-ray detector δ23 are cooled with pure nitrogen gas. The other points are the same as those of the first embodiment, so the explanation will be omitted. With the same equipment configuration as the first experimental example, the X-ray extraction port 10
Distance between A and the center of slab 50, center of slab 50 and X1tA
The distance between the image converters 24 is 200 u,
The X-ray tube 10 and the image converter 24 are housed in a steel box 14.33 with a heat insulating plate 26 glued to the side of the slab 50, and a simple cold air blower 34 is used as in the first experimental example.
It was cooled to below ℃. Horizontal continuous casting
C1.0%, Si 0.25%, Mn0.4%, Cr
1.45%, AJo, 010%, Po, 010%, So
, 005%, the shape is 100n square, and the casting speed is 3.
The molten steel temperature was 0±0.2 m/sin, the temperature of the molten steel was 1530°C, and it was synchronized with the movement of the XIl fluoroscope and the manufacturing speed of b&5. As a result, the solidification end is approximately 18 m from the rear end of the continuous casting mold, and in normal casting, the final solidification point is 0°5 to 1.51 m.
In contrast, the generation and disappearance of shrinkage pores and the remaining shrinkage pores 17 are observed, but by applying electromagnetic stirring at 14 m from the rear end of the mold, the scale of the generation and disappearance of shrinkage pores is reduced, and the remaining shrinkage pores are It was confirmed that the size became significantly smaller. In each of the above embodiments, the present invention was applied to the observation of the melting and solidification status of metal, and the observation of the solidification progress status of continuous RTG cast slabs, but the scope of application of the present invention is limited to this. It is clear that the method can be similarly applied to xIQ fluoroscopic IQ inspection of general metals. [Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, there is an excellent effect that X-ray fluoroscopic observation of metal can be performed with a high signal-to-noise ratio and with a small amount of projected X-rays.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the XRA fluoroscopic inspection device for metals according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows the insertion and movement of the test piece used in the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the influence of image processing conditions on the relationship between specimen thickness and perspective Figure 4 is a diagram showing the influence of image processing conditions on the Po ratio during X-ray fluoroscopy, and Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the shape of defects in the steel plate, the density, and the thickness of the steel plate in the second experimental example. A diagram showing an example, FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the second embodiment according to the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a plane showing the arrangement rg of the second embodiment in the horizontal continuous casting machine. FIG. 8 is a side view as well. 8...X-ray generator, 10...XI! Pipe, 10A... X-ray extraction port, 12... Collimator, 14... Protective box, Test piece, 18... Mold, 23... Transmission X-ray detection device, 24... - Image converter, 28... Television camera, 30... Image processing device, 32... Image recording device, 50... Slab, 52... Measuring wheel, 54... Rail.

Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) An X-ray projection means for irradiating a collimated fluoroscopic X-ray flux toward the object to be measured; an X-ray protection means for suppressing the amount of X-rays leaking from the X-ray projection means; an image converting means for converting the transmitted X-rays into an image; an imaging means for taking a fluoroscopic image corresponding to the transmitted X-ray intensity; an image processing means for processing the imaging signal and converting it into an image suitable for observation; An X-ray fluoroscopic observation device for metals, comprising: an image recording means for displaying or recording at least a processed image. (2) The X-ray fluoroscopic observation device for metals according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray projection means includes a metal X-ray tube having a metal type casing and a light metal thin film as an X-ray extraction port. . (3) The image processing means has a time integration function and a moving average function at predetermined time intervals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging signal, and electrically extracts changes in the imaging signal over time. An image difference function for displaying images as images,
The X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus for metals according to claim 1, which includes a gray level adjustment function for correcting local gray level differences within the same image. (4) The metal X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the timing of the moving average and the timing of the difference interval can be changed. (5) An X-ray projection means for irradiating a collimated fluoroscopic X-ray flux toward the object to be measured, an X-ray protection means for suppressing the amount of X-rays leaking from the X-ray projection means, and a means for dissolving the object to be measured. a dissolving means for holding and solidifying the dissolved measurement object; an image conversion means for converting the X-rays transmitted through the measurement object into an image; an imaging means for taking a fluoroscopic image; an image processing means for processing the imaging signal and converting it into an image suitable for observation; and an image recording means for displaying or recording at least the processed image. An X-ray fluoroscopic observation device for metals. (6) The metal X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the melting means heats the object to be measured using high frequency. (7) The metal X-ray fluoroscopic observation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the solidification means is a carbonaceous or carbonaceous refractory container. (8) An X-ray projection means for irradiating a collimated fluoroscopic X-ray flux toward the object to be measured; an X-ray protection means for suppressing the amount of X-rays leaking from the X-ray projection means; an image converting means for converting the transmitted X-rays into an image; an imaging means for taking a fluoroscopic image corresponding to the transmitted X-ray intensity; an image processing means for processing the imaging signal and converting it into an image suitable for observation; An image recording means for displaying or recording at least a processed image, and movement for moving at least the X-ray projection means, the X-ray protection means, the image conversion means, and the imaging means in accordance with the movement of the part to be measured. An X-ray fluoroscopic observation device for metals, comprising: means.