JPS62227725A - Ultrasonic welding of flexible elastic foam - Google Patents
Ultrasonic welding of flexible elastic foamInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62227725A JPS62227725A JP61073652A JP7365286A JPS62227725A JP S62227725 A JPS62227725 A JP S62227725A JP 61073652 A JP61073652 A JP 61073652A JP 7365286 A JP7365286 A JP 7365286A JP S62227725 A JPS62227725 A JP S62227725A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- skin
- foam
- pressurizing force
- tool horn
- welding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013518 molded foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は自動車用座席のトリムカバー、クッション部材
などに使用される柔軟弾性発泡体の超音波溶着方法、詳
しくはその発泡体の表面に熱可塑性表皮を溶着面積の大
きな工具ホーンを使用して一体に超音波溶着する方法に
関するものである。Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an ultrasonic welding method for flexible elastic foam used for trim covers, cushion members, etc. of automobile seats. This invention relates to a method of ultrasonically welding plastic skins together using a tool horn with a large welding area.
（従来の技術とその問題点）
従来、柔軟弾性を有する発泡体（例えばウレタン７オー
ムなど）は工具ホーンの振動を吸収してしまうため、超
音波での溶着が不可能とされていた。(Prior Art and its Problems) Conventionally, it has been considered impossible to weld a flexible elastic foam (for example, urethane 7 ohm) by ultrasonic waves because it absorbs the vibrations of a tool horn.
しかし、本願出願人はスラブ材、モールド加工による発
泡体に表皮などを超音波によって溶着した自動、ｒｒｔ
ｍ座席のトリムカバーや座席自体を開発した（例えば特
開昭５９−２３０５９０号、特開昭５’Ｊ−２３０７１
８号など参照）。However, the applicant of the present application has developed an automated RRT system that uses ultrasonic waves to weld the skin to a slab material or a molded foam.
Developed the trim cover and the seat itself for the m seat (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-230590, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 5'J-23071).
(See No. 8, etc.)
ところが、これらの発泡体の超音波溶着は溶着面積が小
さいものにおいて、確実に溶着されるが、例えば溶着面
積が１０００＋Ω「１２程度の工具ホーンを使用したも
のにおいては溶着にバラツキ（溶着不良）が生じる不具
合が判明した。However, although ultrasonic welding of these foams can reliably weld objects with a small welding area, for example, when the welding area is 1000+Ω and uses a tool horn of about 12, there may be variations in welding (defects in welding). The problem that occurred was discovered.
これは、発泡体を所定又は最高の加圧力で加圧した状態
で超音波を発振し、その発振をａ返すことによって溶着
している。そのため、溶着面全体における加圧条件が均
一にならないので加圧中に発振がバラツクためである。This welds by oscillating ultrasonic waves while pressing the foam at a predetermined or maximum pressure, and then returning the oscillations. As a result, the pressurizing conditions over the entire welding surface are not uniform, resulting in variations in oscillation during pressurization.
また、発泡体の加圧に伴なう発泡体の反発弾性が高いた
め、工具ホーンが的確に振動しない。Further, since the foam has high rebound resilience as the foam is pressurized, the tool horn does not vibrate accurately.
しがも、溶着条件が加圧力によって左右されるため、確
実に溶着するためには、その条件制定が極めて困難であ
った。However, since the welding conditions depend on the applied pressure, it has been extremely difficult to establish the conditions for reliable welding.
（目的）
そこで、本発明は溶着面積が大きな工具ホーンを使用し
て柔軟弾性発泡体に、熱可塑性表皮を確実に超音波溶着
することを目的とするものである。(Objective) Therefore, an object of the present invention is to reliably ultrasonically weld a thermoplastic skin to a flexible elastic foam using a tool horn having a large welding area.
（もη成）
そのため、本発明は、所定又は最高加圧力で加圧した後
、その加圧力を降下させた状態で発振し、然る後加圧力
を増大して溶着するものである。従って、発振中の加圧
力は溶着面全体に略均−になり、発振にバラツキが生じ
ない。そして、加圧力が一定であるため、溶着時間のみ
で超音波の加工条件が制定できる。(Also η formation) Therefore, in the present invention, after pressurizing at a predetermined or maximum pressurizing force, oscillation is performed while the pressurizing force is decreased, and then the pressurizing force is increased to perform welding. Therefore, the pressurizing force during oscillation is approximately uniform over the entire welding surface, and no variation occurs in oscillation. Since the pressing force is constant, the ultrasonic processing conditions can be established based only on the welding time.
（実施例） 以下、本発明の一実施例を具体的に説明する。(Example) An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below.
まず、本発明によって溶着する柔軟弾性を有する発泡体
は自動車用座席のウレタン７オーム製のクッション材（
モールド加工品）、或いはトリムカバーに使用されるス
ラブ材で、そのＪＩＳ硬度は５Ｋｇ乃至２０ Ｋｇ程度
のもので、スラブ材にあってはその厚さが５＋ｎ＋ｎ乃
至２０＋ｏｍ程度、モールド加工品は５０１１＋＋ｎ乃
至６０ＩＩ１ｍ程度である。First, the flexible and elastic foam to be welded according to the present invention is a cushioning material made of 7-ohm urethane for automobile seats (
Molded products) or slab materials used for trim covers, whose JIS hardness is approximately 5Kg to 20Kg, and the thickness of slab materials is approximately 5+n+n to 20+om, and molded products are 5011++n to 5011++n. 60II is about 1m.
また、熱可塑性表皮はポリエステル系の織物地（ダブル
ラッセル）など熱可塑性樹脂材である。Further, the thermoplastic skin is a thermoplastic resin material such as polyester fabric (double raschel).
工具ホーンはその溶着面の長さが１００１以上で、幅が
２＋ａ＋１１程度のものを二本格７＋ｎｏ＋程度の間隔
をあけて平行に設けたものである。The tool horn has a welding surface length of 1001 or more and a width of about 2+a+11, and is made of two horns arranged in parallel with an interval of about 7+no+.
以上の溶着面積の大きい工具ホーンを使ｍして前記発泡
体の表面ｌ二表皮を超音波溶着する。The two surfaces of the foam are ultrasonically welded using the tool horn having a large welding area.
この超音波溶着は、まず、受台に載置した発泡体と、こ
の発泡体上に積層した表皮とを所定又は最高の加圧力で
工具ホーンで加圧する。次に、シリンダーを操作して工
具ホーンを上昇させて加圧力を低減させる。この加圧力
の低減は工具ホーンが表皮上に軽く当たっている程度か
ら前記所定又は最高の加圧力に対してやや低い加圧力を
いう。加圧力を低減した後、ジヱネレーターの通電を行
ない超音波を発振する。然る後、工具ホーンを下降させ
て所定又は最大加圧力で加圧すると溶着される。In this ultrasonic welding, first, a foam placed on a pedestal and a skin layered on the foam are pressurized with a tool horn at a predetermined or maximum pressure. Next, the cylinder is operated to raise the tool horn and reduce the pressing force. This reduction in pressing force refers to a pressing force that is slightly lower than the predetermined or maximum pressing force from the extent that the tool horn lightly touches the skin. After reducing the pressurizing force, the generator is energized to oscillate ultrasonic waves. Thereafter, when the tool horn is lowered and pressure is applied to a predetermined or maximum pressure, welding is achieved.
以下、これを繰返して溶着する。Hereafter, this process is repeated for welding.
次に、具体的にトリムカバーを足音波で溶着する方法を
説明する。Next, a method for welding the trim cover using foot sound waves will be specifically explained.
発泡体としてウレタン７オーム（Ｊ１７さ１０ｎ＋＋ｎ
。Urethane 7 ohm (J17 10n++n) as foam
.
比ｆｉｇ、２５、ＪＩＳ硬度１０Ｋｇ）を使用し、この
ウレタン７オームにポリエステル系の表皮（ダブルラッ
セルの織物地）を工具ホーン（幅８０ＩＩＩ１１、長さ
３０００＋１１１）を使用して以下の如くすることによ
り超音波溶着が完全に行なわれる。By using a tool horn (width 80III 11, length 3000 + 111), apply a polyester skin (double raschel fabric) to this urethane 7 ohm as follows. Ultrasonic welding is completely performed.
ノエネレーターの周波数２０ＫＨｚ、振幅７６μ、冷部
［１３ｎＴ１１− へ乃￥２０肺【−七いで一溶着面に
おける工具ホーンの長さ３００ ＋ｎｍを使用した場合
、加圧力４２０ Ｋｇ、溶着面積１２００＋ｏｎ＋２、
発振時間１．３乃至１．８秒、ジェ冬し−ター出力負荷
＄７０％乃至８０％であり、同工具ホーンを使用して加
圧力を３４５ Ｋｇとその発振時間は１．８乃至２．２
秒である。即ち、加圧力を高くすると、発振時間が短縮
され、溶着状態が向上する。Noenerator frequency 20KHz, amplitude 76μ, cold part [13nT11- ￥20 lungs] When using tool horn length 300+nm at the welding surface, pressurizing force 420Kg, welding area 1200+on+2,
The oscillation time was 1.3 to 1.8 seconds, the output load of the jetter was 70% to 80%, the pressing force was 345 kg using the same tool horn, and the oscillation time was 1.8 to 2. 2
Seconds. That is, when the pressure is increased, the oscillation time is shortened and the welding condition is improved.
以上の通電及び冷却はタイマーで行なう。The above energization and cooling are performed using a timer.
（効果）
本発明によると、超音波の発振は工具ホーンによって所
定又は加圧した後、その加圧力を低減した状態で行なう
ため、工具ホーンの振動が的確で溶着が良好になる。そ
のため、発振不良に伴なう表皮の発泡体に対する溶着の
バラツキ、不良がなくなる。(Effects) According to the present invention, ultrasonic waves are oscillated at a predetermined level or after being pressurized by the tool horn, and then the applied pressure is reduced, so that the vibration of the tool horn is accurate and welding is good. Therefore, variations and defects in welding of the skin to the foam due to poor oscillation are eliminated.
また、大１１な溶着面積の異なる以外の表皮の発泡体に
対する超音波溶着は加圧力を當に一定にできるので、溶
着時間のみを変更することで、その超音波加工条件を制
定でき、その加工性を向上できる。In addition, since the pressure can be kept constant when ultrasonic welding foams with skins other than those with different welding areas, the ultrasonic processing conditions can be established by changing only the welding time, and the processing You can improve your sexuality.
Claims (3)
皮を積層し、これらを所定又は最高加圧力で加圧後、該
加圧力を降下させて超音波を発振し、次に所定又は最高
加圧力で加圧して前記クッション部材に表皮を溶着させ
ることを特徴とする柔軟弾性発泡体の超音波溶着方法。(1) Layer a thermoplastic skin on a cushion member made of flexible elastic foam, pressurize them at a predetermined or maximum pressure, lower the pressure to oscillate ultrasonic waves, and then apply a predetermined or maximum pressure. A method for ultrasonic welding of flexible elastic foam, characterized in that the outer skin is welded to the cushion member by applying pressure.
３００ｍｍ＾２以上である前記特許請求の範囲第１項記
載の発泡体の超音波溶着方法。(2) The method for ultrasonic welding of foams according to claim 1, wherein the welding area of the tool horn that oscillates the ultrasonic waves is 300 mm^2 or more.
乃至２０Ｋｇである前記特許請求の範囲第１項記載の柔
軟性発泡体の超音波溶着方法。(3) The cushion member has a JIS hardness of 5 kg.
A method for ultrasonic welding of flexible foam according to claim 1, wherein the weight is 20 kg to 20 kg.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61073652A JPS62227725A (en) | 1986-03-31 | 1986-03-31 | Ultrasonic welding of flexible elastic foam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61073652A JPS62227725A (en) | 1986-03-31 | 1986-03-31 | Ultrasonic welding of flexible elastic foam |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62227725A true JPS62227725A (en) | 1987-10-06 |
| JPH0528657B2 JPH0528657B2 (en) | 1993-04-27 |
Family
ID=13524430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61073652A Granted JPS62227725A (en) | 1986-03-31 | 1986-03-31 | Ultrasonic welding of flexible elastic foam |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62227725A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009172868A (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-08-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | Vibration welding method |
| EP1428647B1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2012-03-14 | Eurotec Beheer B.V. | The ultrasonic welding of a coupling member onto an integrated top layer of polymeric foam of a stoma body side wafer for a two-piece stoma system |
| WO2021193828A1 (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-30 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Joining structure, joining method, exterior body for wire harness, and wire harness |
-
1986
- 1986-03-31 JP JP61073652A patent/JPS62227725A/en active Granted
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1428647B1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2012-03-14 | Eurotec Beheer B.V. | The ultrasonic welding of a coupling member onto an integrated top layer of polymeric foam of a stoma body side wafer for a two-piece stoma system |
| JP2009172868A (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-08-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | Vibration welding method |
| WO2021193828A1 (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-30 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Joining structure, joining method, exterior body for wire harness, and wire harness |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0528657B2 (en) | 1993-04-27 |
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