JPS6222572B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

Among the well-known soil irrigation methods, such as spray irrigation, submergence irrigation, furrow irrigation, and overhead irrigation, subsurface irrigation is historically the oldest type of irrigation for arable land on which plants grow. Plants can only absorb their nutrients from water-soluble compounds. However, it must be noted that excess water can damage many plants and cause rot. Therefore,
Regularly adjustable moisture supply and necessary drainage are of paramount importance. Sprinkle irrigation is suitable for horticulture and intensive horticulture in areas with a mild climate, but is not suitable for hot countries or areas with high salinity in the soil or water. Water losses due to evaporation during watering are substantial. Since submergence irrigation requires very large amounts of water, this type of irrigation can only be used where large amounts of water are available. Furrow irrigation is often used in agriculture because it can be carried out without requiring very large technical outlays. However, this method also requires a large amount of water because of the large loss of water due to evaporation and osmosis. Overhead irrigation is intended to water previously underutilized plants in large areas. Well-known method of subirrigation
proposed a structure that separates the suction and discharge valves from underground pipes with a single flow path, such that the discharge valves do not open until the water pressure in the pipe system is substantially higher than the static pressure. The pressure is adjusted to The suction valve is for drainage purposes and opens when the soil contains excess water. However, experiments have shown that such irrigation systems operate satisfactorily only when the valve seats are clean. Even the smallest amount of mud, such as sand grains or soil particles, interferes with the desired operation of such irrigation systems and thus prevents satisfactory irrigation or drainage. It is an object of the invention to provide an irrigation device which operates without irrigation and drainage valves, requires virtually no maintenance and minimizes operational costs. Such requirements have been developed especially as irrigation systems for the development and urbanization of arid areas such as deserts or prairie where little water is available. These demands are increasing for irrigation in temperate regions where water is becoming increasingly scarce.
However, the water supply problem is particularly important for sports where overhead irrigation is not possible.
It also occurs at centers and parks. This is because the lawns in such areas are constantly used by the public and require a very long time to be watered. The irrigation system of the present invention is intended to achieve these objectives and comprises a device 2 for regulating the flow of water from a water supply source 1 to a number of distribution points 3, 33, 34 arranged in an irrigation area; 8, 8', 12~1
4, 19, 25, 31, 32 and a device for substantially even distribution of water in said area (4, 5,
9, 15-17, 20, 27, Figures 8a and 8b
9 and 10), each distribution point extending from the water supply pipe and the branch member in a plug connection manner and arranged substantially at right angles with respect to the water supply pipe. at least one branch member connected to a distributing pipe installed, the distributing pipe being a pipe having a tubular cross section with at least one flow path and a recess facing the soil surface, the recess being connected to the distributing pipe. extending over the entire length of the recess, the bottom of the recess being the outer surface of the covering plate essential for forming the pipe cross-section, the bottom having a number of openings leading to the channel area, the recesses facing each other. flowing out of the flow path region through a filter element laterally bounded by a pair of cams having mating back tapers and disposed at least partially on the cover plate and on the sides of the back tapers of the cams; The present invention relates to an irrigation device arranged in the recess to control water and to avoid the ingress of earth and sand into the opening. The present invention will be better understood from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 5 show schematic diagrams of possible variants of the irrigation system according to the invention. Figures 6a and 6b show an embodiment of a water pipe section with one and two lateral branch connection elements for distribution pipe fitting, respectively. Figures 7a-7c show enlarged front, side and cross-sectional views of the water pipe branch shown in Figures 6a and 6b. Figures 8a and 8b show a cross-sectional view and a top perspective view of the first embodiment of the distribution tube. Figures 9a and 9b show cross-sectional views of the connection point layout for connecting adjacent distribution pipes to form distribution pipes of arbitrary length. Figures 10a-10f show various cross-sectional configurations of the distribution pipe shown in Figure 8. Five examples of the arrangement of soil irrigation devices according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 1-5. 1 indicates a pumping location or generally a source of water supply to an irrigation system. In FIG. 1, a single water supply pipe 2 is provided, to which a distribution pipe 4 is connected by a branch member 3. In FIG. Details regarding the water supply pipe 2 are given in the descriptions of figures 6a, 6b and 7a to 7c, and details regarding the distribution pipe 4 are given in the description of figures 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b and 1.
They are shown in the descriptions of figures 0a to 10f, respectively.
The water openings 5 are arranged along the distribution pipe 4 in a manner described below with respect to FIG. A deaerating device is installed at the end of each distribution pipe 4.
fittings) 6 and air pockets (air pockets).
-avoid pockets). Water supply pipe 2 and distribution pipe 4
may be disposed substantially horizontally or at a slight angle toward the connection point in the ground. The pressures of the water supply pipes and distribution pipes are selected such that, on the one hand, substantially the same amount of water is supplied to each water flow opening, and on the other hand, flooding of the ground does not occur. probe (not shown)
are deployed throughout the irrigated area to determine the water content in the ground. FIG. 2 shows an irrigation system having two preferred water pipe branches 8 and 8', which supply water to both ends of the pipe. The deaerator 10 is disposed at or near the point where the water supply pipes 8 and 8' connect to the distribution pipe 9. The distribution pipes of such tubing systems must be angled towards the center of their length to ensure proper operation. FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the manner in which separate irrigation areas A, B and C are watered by a single pumping station or pumping source 1 through separate water supply pipes 12, 13 and 14. Irrigation areas A to C are, for example,
It may be a plateau with a difference in height that is located quite far from each other, or a field or field with different water requirements. A large number of distribution pipes 15, 16, 17 are connected to each water supply pipe 12, 13, 14 as shown in FIG. deaerators 12', 13', 14' and 15',
16', 17' to each water supply pipe and each distribution pipe 15,
16 and 17, respectively. Water supply pipe 1
The pressure at the outlet of 2, 13, 14 is irrigated area A, B
and C constantly vary depending on the height or pumping location or distance from the pumping source 1.
This is to provide substantially the same amount of water to each flow opening of each distribution pipe. Drainage means (not shown) are connected to the first and second
It may be operated in an irrigation system as shown to avoid flooding. These drainage means include water removal equipment at any location of the irrigation system. FIG. 4 shows an irrigation system having drainage means in addition to means for supplying water to cultivated land. The distribution pipe 20 is connected to the water supply pipe 19. The drainage channel 21 is arranged parallel to the distribution pipe. The drainage channel may be spaced apart and connected to the collection pipe 22, or as shown in Figures 10b and 10e.
It may also be part of a distribution pipe as described below with respect to the figures. A drainage pit 23 is provided at one end of the water collection pipe 22 to collect wastewater. Of course, this collected water may be returned to the irrigation system, especially in times of water shortage. In the case of the irrigation system shown in FIG. 4, it is suitable to have the distribution pipe 20 inclined towards the water supply pipe 19 and to arrange a deaeration device 24 at its end. FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the irrigation system according to the invention, in which the water supply pipe 25 has a degassing device 26 at its outer end. There are distribution pipes 2 on both sides of the water supply pipe 25.
7 are connected and equipped with a drain pipe. Distribution pipe 2
7 and the drain pipe 28 are gently inclined outward from the water supply pipe 25, so that the water is drained from the water collection pipe 29.
flows towards. From here the wastewater flows to a drainage pit 30 which may be connected to the pumping station 1 as described with respect to FIG. Figures 6a and 6b are 80
Water supply pipes 31, 32 are shown with one and two laterally located connecting members 33, 34 arranged ~120 cm apart. Connection sleeve 35
is arranged at one end of the water supply pipes 31 and 32 to form a water supply pipe of arbitrary length. Figures 7a, 7b, 7c show details of the connections and connection points for connecting the distribution pipe to the pipe 31 according to Figure 6a, in partial cross-sectional view from the side. Identical parts in FIGS. 6a and 7a-7c are designated by the same numbers. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 7a, the coupling sleeve 35 is arranged as a plug into which one end of an adjacent tube (not shown) or a T-shaped or cross-shaped branch (not shown) can be inserted. . A connecting member 33 rises laterally above the water supply pipe 31, the form of which is selected in such a way that a distribution pipe of the form shown in FIG. 8 can be inserted directly. The connecting member 33 has a reinforcing member 36 to improve its stability. One end of the distribution tube 37 is pushed into a connecting member of this type. The connecting member may be configured such that each end of the distribution pipe can be pushed to the outside of the connecting member. The branch member 3 may have other cross-sectional forms, for example
These include those with a lens-shaped cross section suitable for connecting the distribution pipes shown in the figure. The profile of a distribution pipe with a distribution pipe channel 39 having a crescent-shaped cross section is shown in cross-section and elevation in FIGS. 8a and 8b. A concave cover plate 42, which is an integral part of the support wall 40, is connected to the end 41 of the support wall 40. The cover plate 42 has a large number of openings 43 with a diameter of 2.5 to 3.5 mm, and the openings are arranged at regular intervals of a horizontally and vertically b, through which the distribution pipe flow path 39 is connected. water flows from the pipe to the soil surrounding the distribution pipe. Retaining cams 44 are arranged at the connection point 41 between the support wall 40 and the cover plate 42, these cams defining a recess 50 together with the surface of the cover plate 42. A porous and capillary covering layer 45 (indicated by dotted lines) is disposed in the recess. The material of the covering layer 45 is preferably a corrosion-resistant non-woven glass fiber or plastic. The thickness of the coating layer depends on the material used,
0.5-2.5mm for non-woven glass fiber;
Preferably 1 mm, with open pores (open-
5 for foamed plastics with pored)
~6mm. The role of the covering layer is to prevent sand or soil particles from entering the opening 43 and the distribution channel 39. The coating layer also restricts the free flow of water, so that the water is routed to the opening 4 closest to the water supply pipe.
3, but also flows out through further apertures. While the distribution pipe can be very long if desired, the length of a single pipe should not be more than 4-6 m for ease of handling and transportation to the site of use. At the same time, the connecting sleeve 38 must be securely connected to the tube end. A sleeve of this type is shown in Figures 9a and 9b, the shape of which is adapted to the cross section of the distribution pipe used according to Figure 9a. Sleeve 38 is a back taper
46, the back taper extending over at least one-third of the length of the sleeve and configured to terminate the adjacent distribution tube. stop shoulder 4
7 are placed on either side of the elevation 48 at the inner end of the tube, making the central location of the sleeve 38 a buffer point between the two ends of the distribution tube. elevation 48
A reinforcing member 49 is arranged in the longitudinal center of the sleeve 38, which stiffens each sleeve 38 and generally strengthens the distribution pipe connection. 10a, 10c, 10d and 10f, although FIGS. 8 and 9 only show distribution pipes with crescent-shaped cross-sections and single passages.
shows another cross-sectional configuration with a single passage. 10th
In FIG.
Combine with 2. The inside of the wall 51 and the cover plate 52 form a lens-shaped inlet channel 53 from which two openings 54 lead to the outside of the cover plate 52 . An inwardly directed cam 55 is made at each upper end of the wall 51. These cams form recesses 56 with the outer surface of the cover plate 52 and retain the cover layer 57 as previously described with respect to FIG. In FIG. 10a, the layer is shown as a side body made of flexible open-pore material. As already mentioned, the covering layer may be a flat material, the central part of which is located above the covering plate 52 and the edges of which are inwardly closed by cams 55 as shown in FIG. Supported by Figure 10c shows a cross-sectional view of a one-piece pipe made in a manner similar to that described above. Inside the wall 60 of semicircular cross-section there is a flat cover plate 61 which, together with the wall 60 below it, forms a flow channel 62 which is connected via an opening 63 to the outside of the distribution pipe. It is connected with. Cams 64 are made at the ends of the wall 60 and these cams form a recess 65 with the top surface of the cover plate 61. A covering layer (not shown) is held in this recess. Figures 10d and 10f show cross-sectional views of a further embodiment of the distribution pipe according to the invention, in which the outer defining wall 70 consists of three parts. Corresponding parts in Figures 10d and 10f are designated by the same numbers. The outer and upwardly sloping side walls 72 are built on the horizontal base 71 . Sidewall 72 includes an inwardly facing cam at its upper end. A cover plate 74 is provided inside the side wall 72, and the cover plate forms an introduction channel 75 together with the base plate 71 and a part of the side wall 72. Covering plate 74 has an opening 76 communicating channel 75 with the surroundings of the distribution tube. The upper side of the cam 73 and the cover plate 74 form a recess 77 into which a cover layer (not shown) is placed. Nos. 10b and 10e show cross-sections of the distribution pipe, and contour external walls 80 and 81 represent Nos. 8a and 10e.
It is constructed in the same manner as described in Figures a and 10c and Figures 10d and 10f. However, in the embodiment described above, the single channel side cavity is divided into three spaces, channels 82, 83 and 84, each separated at the top by a respective continuous cover plate 85. 2 according to Figures 10b and 10e
Parts that have the same function in two distribution pipe cross sections are designated by the same number. Channels 82 and 84 have top openings 86 and 87 connecting each channel with the circumference of the distribution tube. Channels 82 and 84 are configured to supply irrigation water from a water supply pipe onto openings 86,87. The central channel 83 serves as a drainage channel,
Excess water on suction openings 88 and 89 flows within the channel. The channel 83 has an opening at the bottom.
can also be used for irrigation purposes by connecting the channels 82-84. The distribution pipes according to FIGS. 10b and 10c can be used, for example, in irrigation installations arranged as in FIGS. 4 and 5. Drainage channels for excess water (rain, excess irrigation water, etc.) can of course be arranged over the openings at the top, provided that water pipes can be connected appropriately. Irrigation devices according to Figures 1 to 3 are also generally
A distribution pipe as shown in Figure 0e can be installed. The water supply pipes, distribution pipes, deaerators, connecting sleeves, end members, etc. mentioned above are preferably made of plastic for various reasons. Polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are particularly suitable. The properties of these plastics are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows which plastics are most advantageous for individual systems.

[Table] The advantages obtained by the invention for cultivated land irrigation are, inter alia, that the root zone of the plants can be watered precisely, that water losses through evaporation or infiltration are minimal, and that the amount of water supplied to the soil depends on the cultivation. Excess water in the soil can be drained out through the same pipe that introduced the water, nutrients can be added into the water supply, water quality in terms of conductivity, temperature and pH value can be continuously controlled. Moisture in the soil can be determined and irrigated relatively easily and, if applicable, automatically controlled, and pipe systems can be easily evacuated and ventilated, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 5 are schematic illustrations of an irrigation system according to the invention; FIGS. 6a and 6b are cross-sections of a water supply pipe with branch connection elements for connecting the distribution pipes; FIGS.
Enlarged front, side and cross-sectional views of the water pipe branches shown in figures a and 6b, numbers 8a and 8b
The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the distribution pipe and a perspective view from above.
Figures a and 9b are cross-sectional views of the arrangement of connection points for connecting adjacent distribution pipes, and Figures 10a to 10f are cross-sectional views of various distribution pipes. 1 is a water supply source, 2 is a water supply pipe, 3 is a branch member, 4 is a distribution pipe, 5 is a running water opening, 6 is a deaerator, 8 and 8' are water supply pipe branches, 9 is a distribution pipe, 10 is Deaerator, A to C are irrigation areas, 12 to 14 are water supply pipes, 1
5 to 17 are distribution pipes, 12' to 17' are deaerators, 1
9 is a water supply pipe, 20 is a distribution pipe, 21 is a drainage channel, 2
2 is a water collection pipe, 23 is a drain pit, 24 is a deaerator, 25 is a water supply pipe, 26 is a deaerator, 27 is a distribution pipe, 28 is a drain pipe, 29 is a water collection pipe, 30 is a drain pit, 31 and 32 are water supply pipes, 33 and 34
35 is a connecting member, 35 is a coupling sleeve, 36 is a reinforcing member, 37 is a distribution pipe, 38 is a sleeve, 39 is a distribution pipe channel, 40 is a support wall, 41 is a support wall end, 42
is a concave cover plate, 43 is a water flow opening, 44 is a cam,
45 is a covering layer, 46 is a back taper, 47 is a stop shoulder, 48 is an elevation,
49 is a reinforcing member, 50 is a recess, 51 is a semicircular wall of the distribution pipe, 52 is a covering plate, 53 is a distribution pipe channel, 54
55 is an opening, 55 is a cam, 56 is a recess, 57 is a covering layer, 60 is a semicircular wall of the distribution pipe, 61 is a covering plate, 6
2 is a distribution pipe flow path, 63 is an opening, 64 is a cam, and 65 is
is the recess, 70 is the outer wall of the distribution pipe, 71 is the base, 7
2 is a side wall, 73 is a cam, 74 is a cover plate, 75 is a distribution pipe passage, 76 is an opening, 77 is a recess, 80 and 81 are distribution pipe outer walls, 82 to 84 are distribution pipe passages,
85 is a cover plate, 86 to 89 are openings, and 90 is a cam.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A water supply pipe and a distribution pipe connected to the water supply pipe,
The distribution pipe has at least one channel, a cover plate forming the upper surface of the channel and having a number of openings for leaking water flowing through the channel to the outside, and a cover plate provided on the side of the distribution pipe. A pair of cams, at least a recess formed by the above-mentioned covering plate and the cam, and a covering layer disposed in the recess for controlling the amount of water flowing from the flow path and preventing clogging of the opening. Device. 2 The first pipe connects the water supply pipe and the distribution pipe at a substantially right angle.
Apparatus described in section. 3. The device according to item 1, in which the distribution pipes can be connected using a plug connection method. 4. The device according to paragraph 1, wherein the recess faces the soil surface and extends the entire length of the distribution pipe. 5 Two branch members 3 in which water supply pipes 2, 12 to 14, 19, 25, 32 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the pipes
4 at each distribution point, such that a number of these branch members are arranged in pairs with each other along the pipe, and distribution pipes connected to the branch members are arranged on opposite sides of the water supply pipe. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device extends. 6. The water supply pipes 8, 8', 31 have a continuous feed member 33 at each distribution point, a large number of connecting members are mutually arranged along the water supply pipe, and the distribution pipes connected to the connecting member 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the connecting member extends over the side of the connected water pipe. 7 The water supply pipe is divided into two water supply pipes 8 and 8',
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein each end of the distribution pipe 9 is connected to one of the water supply pipes. 8. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which a deaerator 6, 10, 15' to 17', 24 is located at each end of the distribution pipe. 9 The cross section of the distribution pipe is crescent-shaped, and the covering plate 4
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein 2 is a concave wall facing the flow path area. 10. The device according to item 1, wherein the cross section of the branch pipe is trapezoidal and the covering plates 74, 85 are flat. 11 The channel area is divided into several single channels 82
~84, two of these 82 and 84 for water supply,
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising one 83 for drainage. 12 The single channel 83 for drainage comprises at least one suction opening 88, 89 at the bottom of the distribution tube.
Apparatus described in section. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the coating layer is an elongated nonwoven glass fiber having a thickness of 0.5 to 2.5 mm. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the covering layer 57 is an elongated foamed plastic with open pores.