JPS62210921A - Artificial culture medium of edible mushroom - Google Patents
Artificial culture medium of edible mushroomInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62210921A JPS62210921A JP61053287A JP5328786A JPS62210921A JP S62210921 A JPS62210921 A JP S62210921A JP 61053287 A JP61053287 A JP 61053287A JP 5328786 A JP5328786 A JP 5328786A JP S62210921 A JPS62210921 A JP S62210921A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- culture medium
- mushrooms
- edible mushrooms
- artificial culture
- medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 11
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010923 used plastic bag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、シイタケ、ヒラタケ等の食用茸の栽培に用
いられる人工培養基に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium used for cultivating edible mushrooms such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms.
シイタケ、ヒラタケ等の食用茸は、昨今の自然食ブーム
で需要が大幅に伸びており、天然ものだけでなく人工栽
培されたものも多く出回るようになっている。上記食用
茸の人工栽培は、従来、農家等において、主として自然
原木を培養基として用い、これに種菌を接種して栽培す
ることにより行われてきたが、最近、この分野に大規模
栽培技術が導入され、食用茸を大量に生産することが行
われている。すなわち、ポリプロピレン等０プラスチツ
ク製袋におが屑や米糠等の培地を所定量充填したのち、
円柱状に成形して人工滑材化し、その中心部に細筒状の
穴を穿設する。そして、このような培養基を多数個オー
トクレーブに入れ１２０℃程度の温度で９０分間程度加
熱蒸気滅菌したのち、順次植菌機の下を通す。この植菌
機は、種菌（鋸屑を培地として培養されてなるもの）を
所定量粒状で落下させ、上記培養基の筒状の穴に種菌を
導入する。ついで、種菌の導入された培養基を培養して
菌糸を蔓延させることにより食用茸の人工培養基を多数
つくり、これを用いてシイタケ、ヒラタケ等の食用茸を
大量に生産することが行われている。また、上記プラス
チック製袋を用いず、瓶や箱体におが屑等の培地を充填
し、上記と同様にして食用茸を大量生産することも行わ
れている。The demand for edible mushrooms such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms has increased significantly due to the recent natural food boom, and not only natural mushrooms but also artificially cultivated mushrooms are now on the market. Artificial cultivation of the above-mentioned edible mushrooms has traditionally been carried out mainly by farmers using natural logs as a culture medium and inoculating them with inoculum, but recently, large-scale cultivation technology has been introduced in this field. edible mushrooms are being produced in large quantities. That is, after filling a predetermined amount of culture medium such as sawdust or rice bran into a bag made of zero plastic such as polypropylene,
It is formed into a cylindrical shape to create an artificial lubricant, and a thin cylindrical hole is drilled in the center. Then, a large number of such culture media are placed in an autoclave and sterilized with steam at a temperature of about 120° C. for about 90 minutes, and then passed through an inoculating machine one by one. This inoculation machine drops a predetermined amount of seed bacteria (cultivated using sawdust as a medium) in granular form, and introduces the seed bacteria into the cylindrical hole of the culture medium. Next, a large number of artificial culture substrates for edible mushrooms are created by culturing the culture medium into which the inoculum has been introduced and mycelia are spread, and these are used to mass-produce edible mushrooms such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms. In addition, edible mushrooms are also mass-produced in the same manner as described above by filling a bottle or box with a culture medium such as sawdust, without using the above-mentioned plastic bags.
しかしながら、上記食用茸の大量栽培においては、培養
基が自然原木ではなくおが屑や米糠等の軟らかい培養基
を用いるためが、発生する子実体が、自然原木で栽培さ
れたものよりも軟質化するという難点を有する。すなわ
ち、食用茸は、単に低カロリーだからとが薬効があるか
らといった理由で好まれるのみならず、茸独特のしこし
ことした食感が好まれることが多く、人工栽培ものであ
っても天然ものと同等以上のしこしことした食感が求め
られている。しかし、おが屑や米糠等の軟らかい培養基
を用いる上記の大量栽培においては、どうしても得られ
る子実体が軟質化してしまうため、天然もののような歯
応えが得られず、食感の点でいま一つ物足りなさがある
。However, in mass cultivation of the above-mentioned edible mushrooms, a soft culture medium such as sawdust or rice bran is used instead of natural logs, which has the disadvantage that the resulting fruiting bodies are softer than those grown using natural logs. have In other words, edible mushrooms are liked not only because they are low in calories and have medicinal properties, but also because of their unique chewy texture, and even if they are artificially grown, they are considered natural. A chewy texture that is equal to or better than that is required. However, in the above-mentioned mass cultivation using a soft culture medium such as sawdust or rice bran, the fruiting bodies that are obtained inevitably become soft, so they do not have the texture of natural fruit, and the texture is left unsatisfactory. There is.
この発明は、このような事情に鑑みなされたもので、得
られる子実体が硬質でしこしことした食感を有する食用
茸の人工培養基を提供することを目的とするものである
。The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms whose fruiting bodies have a hard and chewy texture.
上記の目的を達成するため、この発明の食用茸の人工培
養基は、培地中にケイ素化合物を含有するという構成を
とる。In order to achieve the above object, the artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms of the present invention has a structure in which the medium contains a silicon compound.
すなわち、本発明者らは、高等植物組織において物理的
強度を必要とする維管束９表皮等の組織にはケイ素質が
多く含有されていることに着目し、ケイ素質の多い食用
茸を得ることができれば従来足りなかった歯応えが得ら
れるのではないかと想起して一連の研究を行った。その
結果、食用茸の人工培養基の培地中に予めケイ素化合物
を添加しておくと、硬質でしこしこした歯応えを有する
子実体が得られるようになることを見いだし、この発明
に到達した。That is, the present inventors focused on the fact that tissues such as vascular bundles 9 and epidermis that require physical strength in higher plant tissues contain a large amount of silicon, and aimed to obtain edible mushrooms with a high silicon content. We conducted a series of research with the idea that if we could do this, we could obtain the chewiness that was previously lacking. As a result, they discovered that if a silicon compound is added in advance to an artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms, fruiting bodies with a hard, chewy texture can be obtained, and the present invention has been achieved.
この発明の食用茸の人工培養基は、例えば、米糠やおが
屑等を主成分とする培地にケイ素化合物を添加したもの
をポリプロピレン等のプラスチック製袋に充填、成形し
、常法により殺菌したのちキノコの種菌を挿入すること
により製造することができる。The artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms of the present invention can be prepared by, for example, filling a plastic bag made of polypropylene or other material with a medium containing rice bran, sawdust, etc. as the main component, adding a silicon compound, molding the medium, sterilizing it by a conventional method, and then culturing the mushrooms. It can be produced by inserting a seed culture.
上記ケイ素化合物としては、ケイ酸やケイ酸カルシウム
、ケイ酸マグネシウム等のケイ酸塩等があげられ、単独
で、もしくは２種以上を組み合わせて用いることができ
る。Examples of the silicon compound include silicic acid, calcium silicate, silicates such as magnesium silicate, and the like, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
上記米糠等は、特に制限するものではなく、従来公知の
培養基に用いられるものを用いることができる。The rice bran and the like are not particularly limited, and those used in conventionally known culture media can be used.
上記ケイ素化合物の添加量は、米糠やおが屑等によって
作られた初期培地の培地乾重量に対して０．０２５重量
％（以下「％」と略す）以上、特に０．５％程度である
ことが好適である。すなわち、０、０２５％未満では子
実体を硬質化する実効に乏しく、逆に、０．５％を超え
るとケイ素化合物の添加量にかかわらず、一定水準以上
の子実体が得られるからである。The amount of the silicon compound added is preferably 0.025% by weight or more (hereinafter abbreviated as "%"), particularly about 0.5%, based on the dry weight of the initial culture medium made from rice bran, sawdust, etc. suitable. That is, if it is less than 0.025%, it will not be effective in hardening the fruiting body, whereas if it exceeds 0.5%, fruiting bodies of a certain level or higher will be obtained regardless of the amount of silicon compound added.
また、培地を収容するプラスチック製袋も特に制限する
ものではなく、従来から使用されているものを適宜用い
ることができる。もちろん、プラスチック製袋に限らず
、瓶や箱体を用いてもよい。また、上記培地からなる培
養基に対して施す滅菌工程も特に制限するものではない
。オートクレーブ等の加熱蒸気滅菌機等の滅菌機を適宜
に使用することができる。さらに、食用茸の種菌挿入工
程も特に制限するものではなく、常法にしたがって行う
ことができる。Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the plastic bag that accommodates the culture medium, and conventionally used plastic bags can be used as appropriate. Of course, the bag is not limited to a plastic bag, and a bottle or box may also be used. Furthermore, the sterilization process performed on the culture medium made of the above-mentioned medium is not particularly limited. A sterilizer such as a heated steam sterilizer such as an autoclave can be used as appropriate. Furthermore, the step of inserting the inoculum into edible mushrooms is not particularly limited, and can be carried out according to a conventional method.
このようにして得られる食用茸の人工培養基は、従来の
培地と異なりケイ素化合物を含有したものであり、発生
子実体内にケイ素質を吸収させうるため、得られる食用
茸が天然ものに匹敵する硬質性を有するようになる。こ
れがこの発明の最大の特徴である。したがって、このよ
うにして得られた食用茸は、鉄板上で加熱調理しても身
が収縮せず視覚的に好ましいばかりでな（、喫食すると
しこしこした歯応えがあり、天然もの独特の食感を再現
しうるのである。The artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms obtained in this way differs from conventional culture medium in that it contains silicon compounds, and the siliceous substances can be absorbed into the developing fruiting bodies, so the edible mushrooms obtained are comparable to natural ones. It becomes hard. This is the greatest feature of this invention. Therefore, the edible mushrooms obtained in this way are not only visually pleasing because the flesh does not shrink even when cooked on an iron plate (but also have a chewy texture when eaten, and have a texture unique to natural mushrooms). It can be reproduced.
以上のように、この発明の食用茸の人工培養基は、培地
としてケイ素化合物を含有した特殊なものであるため、
これを用いて得られる食用茸が高品質の天然ものと同等
の硬質茸となる。すなわち、上記人工培養基を用いるこ
とにより、加熱による身の収縮がなく、しかも喫食する
と、しこしこした歯応えがあり、天然もの独特の食感を
再現しうる高品質の食用茸を得ることができるようにな
る。このように、この発明によれば天然ものと同等の優
れた食感の食用茸を得ることができるため、特に「焼シ
イタケ」等−品ものとして賞味されることの多いシイタ
ケの人工培養基に適用することが効果的である。As mentioned above, the artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms of the present invention is a special medium containing a silicon compound as a medium.
The edible mushrooms obtained using this method are high-quality hard mushrooms that are equivalent to natural mushrooms. In other words, by using the above-mentioned artificial culture medium, it is possible to obtain high-quality edible mushrooms that do not shrink due to heating and have a chewy texture when eaten, reproducing the unique texture of natural mushrooms. Become. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain edible mushrooms with an excellent texture equivalent to that of natural mushrooms, so it is particularly applicable to artificial culture media for shiitake mushrooms, which are often enjoyed as delicacies such as "grilled shiitake mushrooms." It is effective to do so.
つぎに、実施例について比較例と併せて説明する。Next, examples will be described together with comparative examples.
〔実施例１〜９．比較例１〕
後記の第１表に示す割合で米糠、おが屑、ケイ素化合物
を混合し、加水して培地含水率を７０％に調整した。つ
ぎに、この培地をポリプロピレン製の袋内に１ ｋｇづ
つ充填し、その状態で直径１１０、高さ１２ｃｍの円柱
状に成形した。つぎに、これをオートクレーブに入れて
、１２１℃で９０分間加熱蒸気滅菌し、滅菌済の培養基
化した。この培養基に、常法に従いシイタケ種菌を植菌
し、培養２５℃で菌糸蔓延させた。そして、１０か月間
栽培して子実体を形成させたのちシイタケを収穫し、そ
の熱収縮性と食感について評価した。上記熱収縮性は、
シイタケを鉄板上に載せて通常の加熱調理を行い、（加
熱調理後のシイタケの傘径（傘の直径））／（加熱調理
前のシイタケの傘径）を計算し、３０個の平均値を求め
て評価した。また、上記食感は、パネル１０名による官
能評価に従った。この結果を第１表に示す。[Examples 1 to 9. Comparative Example 1] Rice bran, sawdust, and a silicon compound were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1 below, and water was added to adjust the water content of the medium to 70%. Next, this culture medium was filled into polypropylene bags in an amount of 1 kg each, and shaped into a cylinder having a diameter of 110 cm and a height of 12 cm. Next, this was placed in an autoclave and sterilized with steam at 121° C. for 90 minutes to form a sterilized culture medium. Shiitake seed fungi were inoculated into this culture medium according to a conventional method, and the mycelium was allowed to spread at 25°C. After cultivating for 10 months to form fruiting bodies, the shiitake mushrooms were harvested and evaluated for their heat shrinkability and texture. The above heat shrinkability is
Place the shiitake mushrooms on a hot iron plate and cook them normally. Calculate (cap diameter of shiitake mushrooms after cooking)/(cap diameter of shiitake mushrooms before cooking) and calculate the average value of 30 mushrooms. sought and evaluated. Moreover, the above-mentioned texture was subjected to sensory evaluation by 10 panelists. The results are shown in Table 1.
（以下余白）
〔実施例１０．１１、比較例２〕
後記の第２表に示す割合で米糠、おが屑、ケイ素化合物
を混合し、加水して培地含水率を７０％に調整した。つ
ぎに、この培地をポリプロピレン製の瓶（容量８００ｍ
ｊ！、ロ径６０鶴、胴径９０鶴、高さ１６０鶴の広口瓶
）に５００ｇずつ充填し、蓋をして１２１℃、９０分の
条件でオートクレーブによる加熱蒸気滅菌を施し、滅菌
済の培養基化した。この培養基に、常法でヒラタケ種菌
を植菌し、培養２５℃で菌糸蔓延させた。そして、８〜
１０℃２人工光線下、温度９５％以上の条件下で３か月
間栽培して子実体を形成させたのちヒラタケを収穫し、
その食感を評価した。評価方法は実施例１〜９と同じで
ある。この結果を第２表に示す。(Left below) [Example 10.11, Comparative Example 2] Rice bran, sawdust, and a silicon compound were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 2 below, and water was added to adjust the water content of the medium to 70%. Next, this medium was poured into a polypropylene bottle (capacity: 800 m).
j! Fill 500 g each into wide-mouthed bottles (diameter: 60 mm, diameter: 90 mm, height: 160 mm), cover with a lid, and sterilize with heat steam in an autoclave at 121°C for 90 minutes to create a sterilized culture medium. did. This culture medium was inoculated with Oyster mushroom inoculum in a conventional manner, and the mycelium was allowed to spread at 25°C. And 8~
Oyster mushrooms are harvested after cultivating for 3 months at 10℃2 under artificial light and at a temperature of 95% or higher to form fruiting bodies.
The texture was evaluated. The evaluation method was the same as in Examples 1-9. The results are shown in Table 2.
（以下余白）
＊：第１表と同じ
第１表および第２表の結果から、実施例品は、いずれも
比較例品に比べて両心えに富んだ高品質なものであるこ
とがわかる。しかも、実施例品であるシイタケは、ケイ
素化合物の添加によって、耐熱収縮性が著しく向上して
いる。(Leaving space below) *: From the results in Tables 1 and 2, which are the same as Table 1, it can be seen that the example products are of higher quality and are more considerate than the comparative example products. . Furthermore, the shiitake mushrooms used in the examples have significantly improved heat shrinkage resistance due to the addition of silicon compounds.
Claims (3)
る食用茸の人工培養基。(1) An artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms, characterized by containing a silicon compound in the medium.
０２５重量％以上に設定されている特許請求の範囲第１
項記載の食用茸の人工培養基。(2) The content of silicon compounds is 0.0% based on the dry weight of the medium.
Claim 1 which is set at 025% by weight or more
Artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms as described in Section 1.
から選択された少なくとも１つのケイ素化合物である特
許請求の範囲第１項または第２項記載の食用茸の人工培
養基。(3) The artificial culture medium for edible mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the silicon compound is at least one silicon compound selected from the group consisting of silicic acid and silicates.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61053287A JPS62210921A (en) | 1986-03-11 | 1986-03-11 | Artificial culture medium of edible mushroom |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61053287A JPS62210921A (en) | 1986-03-11 | 1986-03-11 | Artificial culture medium of edible mushroom |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62210921A true JPS62210921A (en) | 1987-09-17 |
Family
ID=12938509
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61053287A Pending JPS62210921A (en) | 1986-03-11 | 1986-03-11 | Artificial culture medium of edible mushroom |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62210921A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6303363B1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2001-10-16 | International Bioproducts, Inc. | Method for culturing microorganisms in prefilled flexible containers |
-
1986
- 1986-03-11 JP JP61053287A patent/JPS62210921A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6303363B1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2001-10-16 | International Bioproducts, Inc. | Method for culturing microorganisms in prefilled flexible containers |
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