JPS6218512B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6218512B2
JPS6218512B2 JP9388979A JP9388979A JPS6218512B2 JP S6218512 B2 JPS6218512 B2 JP S6218512B2 JP 9388979 A JP9388979 A JP 9388979A JP 9388979 A JP9388979 A JP 9388979A JP S6218512 B2 JPS6218512 B2 JP S6218512B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
lightweight
mortar
wood flour
weight
cement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP9388979A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5617965A (en
Inventor
Naonobu Ooishi
Mitsuo Furuya
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP9388979A priority Critical patent/JPS5617965A/en
Publication of JPS5617965A publication Critical patent/JPS5617965A/en
Publication of JPS6218512B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6218512B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

この発明はパーライト等の軽量骨材を用いた軽
量セメント質材料を押出成形法により製造するに
適したセメント組成物に関する。 近年、建材用の軽量セメント質材料として、パ
ーライト等の軽量骨材を用いたものが実用化され
つつある。これら軽量セメント質材料は軽量で断
熱性が高く、ガラス繊維等の繊維類で補強したも
のは強度も高い優れた材料である。その製造法は
一般に型枠内にモルタルを注入成形し製造してい
た。このため、原材料が安価である割合に製品コ
ストが高くなる欠点があつた。また、型枠内で成
形し脱型するまで比較的長時間を要するため、量
産するためには多数の型枠を必要とし、製造コス
トに占める型枠コストの割合が高く、多様な形・
寸法に応じて成形、製造することは経済的に極め
て困難であつた。 このような型枠による成形の欠点を解決する手
段として近年、押出機による成形法が開発される
に至つている。押出機によると型枠法で要した型
枠の組立、モルタルの注入、離形等に要した工数
が節減でき、1個のダイによつて多数の製品を成
形できるので、型枠に要したコストが低減し、多
様な形状、寸法の製品を成形、製造することが経
済的に可能である。 ところが、軽量骨材を混合したモルタルを押出
機で押出、成形すると、押出機内でモルタルに剪
断、圧縮、曲げ等の高い外部応力が作用し、軽量
骨材が破砕され、得られた製品の比重を低く保つ
ことができない。また、軽量骨材に作用する外部
応力の低減化の手段として水量を増し、モルタル
の流動性の向上を図ると、今度は押出成形した生
製品の流動性も大きく変形し易くなり、いわゆる
“ダレ”現象を示し、精度の高い形状・寸法の製
品を成形することができなかつた。 この発明は上記の問題点を解決したもので、そ
の目的は、押出機によつて、軽量骨材を用いたセ
メント質材料を押出成形して製造する際、軽量骨
材の破砕が起り難く、成形された形・寸法の精度
を高く保つことのできる押出成形用セメント組成
物を提案するにある。 この発明の組成物は、セメント100重量部に対
し、平均粒径3mm以下の軽量骨材10重量部以上、
および平均粒径3mm以下の木粉10重量部以上を含
み、かつ前記軽量骨材と木粉との合計が100重量
部以下であることを特徴とするものである。 この組成物のモルタルは押出機で押出成形する
際、押出機内でモルタル中の木粉が圧縮されて木
粉中の水分が外部に絞り出されてモルタル粒子間
水として供給され、モルタルに充分な流動性を賦
与し、局部的な圧力上昇が回避されて、軽量骨材
の破壊が起り難い。さらに、押出機から吐出さ
れ、圧力から解放されたモルタルは、その中の木
粉が膨張吸水して流動に必要であつた粒子間水を
取込み、流動性が低下してモルタル生製品の形状
を維持することができる。 このため、この発明の組成物は押出機を用い押
出成形することにより、適当な粒径の軽量骨材に
より効果的に軽量化されたセメント質材料を高い
生産性をもつて低コストで製造できる。また、多
様な形状、寸法にも容易に応じることができる。 また、この組成物から成形して得られた軽量の
セメント質材料は、従来の軽量のセメント質材料
に比べ多くの特性を備え、建築物の外壁、間仕切
壁、天井あるいは柱等の建材に好適な材料とする
ことができる。すなわち、軽量で断熱性の高いこ
とのほか、鋸切断、釘打ち釘止め等の加工性に優
れ、量感に富み、木材様の性質を示し、例えば結
露を木材並とすることも可能である。 この発明で用いられる軽量骨材としては、火山
レキ岩、抗火石粒等の天然骨材、パーライト(真
珠岩、黒曜岩)、シラスバルーン、膨張ヒル石、
膨張ケツ岩、膨張粘土、膨張合成樹脂粒等の人工
軽量骨材が有効であり、特にパーライトが製品の
比重、加工性、および安定供給、コスト等の点で
最適である。軽量骨材の平均粒径は3mm以下であ
る、3mmを超えるとモルタルの流動性を低下さ
せ、好ましくない。 軽量骨材の混入量は、製品の設計比重、加工性
(鋸切断性、釘打ち、釘止め性等)、性能(強度、
断熱性等)の観点から総合判断されるが、セメン
ト100重量部に対し、10重量部以上特に20〜50重
量部が好ましい。 この発明に用いられる木粉は、針葉樹、広葉樹
いずれでもよく、平均径3mm以下のものである。
平均径が3mmを超えると圧縮性、吸水性が低下
し、この発明の特徴である木粉による軽量骨材の
保護および生モルタル製品の保形性の効果を上げ
ることがむずかしくなる。これら条件を満足する
木粉としては通常の製材工場で発生する鋸屑が好
適であり、またコスト面、資源の有効利用の面で
有利である。 木粉の混量は、成形条件および製品設計により
決められるが、セメント100重量部に対し10重量
部以上であり、モルタルの流動性、軽量骨材の保
護および生製品の保形性の点から20〜50重量部の
範囲が好ましい。 そして製品の比重、強度、加工性、断熱性等の
性能を釣合よく保つ上で、軽量骨材および木粉の
合計量はセメント100重量部に対して100重量部以
下の範囲であり特に、好ましくは30〜70重量部で
ある。 なお、紙、パルプ、繊維、あるいはプラスチツ
ク発泡体のごとき圧縮変形性吸水材等の小破片
も、この発明の木粉に準じた作用効果を有する
が、木粉はこれらのものに比べ、より多量をモル
タル中に均一に分散して混入することができ、押
出生製品の保形性、押出機内での軽量骨材のごと
き破壊を受け易い物質の保護性および成形して得
た製品の加工性を向上させる上で著しく高い効果
がある。また、木粉は質、量とも安定して供給さ
れ、安価である利点がある。 この発明で用いられるセメントは、ポルトラン
ドセメントをはじめアルミナセメントおよびそれ
らの混合セメント等を用いることができる。そし
て、この組成物には、前記の軽量骨材、木粉のほ
か、必要に応じて、フライアツシユ、石膏、ポゾ
ラン、耐アルカリガラス繊維、石綿その他繊維状
をなした補強物質、珪藻土、ゴムラテツクス等の
樹脂エマルジヨン、着色剤、硬化速度調整剤、防
止剤、メトキシセルローズのような水溶性高分子
の可塑剤等の物質が押出成形を阻害しない範囲で
配合することができる。これらの物質の中で、耐
アルカリ性ガラス繊維、石綿、珪藻土および樹脂
エマルジヨンを添加配合するとその効果が顕著で
あり、好ましい配合物質である。 耐アルカリ性ガラス繊維はセメントのアルカリ
成分に侵食されがたく長期にわたりこのセメント
質材料を補強し強度を高めることができる。しか
し、一般にガラス繊維を配合したモルタルを押出
成形すると、モルタルに作用する剪断、圧縮、曲
げ等の外部応力によつて、ガラス繊維が折損し、
繊維長が短かくなり補強効果が充分発揮できない
欠点があつた。ところが、この組成物にガラス繊
維を混入した場合は、前記した軽量骨材の破壊が
起り難いと同様の現象によつて、木粉により保護
され押出成形に際してガラス繊維の折損を低く押
えることができ、効果的に補強しその強度を高め
ることができる。なお、この組成物は耐アルカリ
性ガラス繊維のほか他の繊維状物質によつても補
強し得ることは云うまでもない。 石綿は比較的安価で、成形して得たセメント質
材料の補強、表面の平滑化に効果があり、押出成
形時には木粉に準じて、軽量骨材あるいは耐アル
カリ性ガラス繊維の保護作用および保形性の作用
を有し、成形して得た材料の加工性を損なうこと
もない。珪藻土も木粉に準じた作用効果を発揮す
る。また、樹脂ラテツクスを添加配合するなら
ば、モルタルの成形可能水分が低減でき、同時に
ポリマーセメントとなつて成形材料の物性を向
上、改善させる。 この発明の組成物は水を加え混合、混練してモ
ルタルとなし押出成形されるが、水分量は外割
(全組成物に対し)20〜100重量%の範囲である。 この発明の組成物は以上の通りであり、セメン
ト、軽量骨材および木粉を含む押出成形用のセメ
ント組成物である。この組成物は押出機により押
出成形するに際して、軽量骨材が破砕されにく
く、押出成形されたモルタル生製品の保形性がよ
いので、適当粒径の軽量骨材で軽量化されたセメ
ント質材料を形、寸法の精度を高く保つて製造で
きる。また、押出機は多様な形、寸法に応じ、経
済的に成形が可能で高い生産性を有するので、高
附加価値製品を低コストで製造することが可能と
なる。 以下実施例および比較例を次表に示す。 各例において用いた原料、押出装置は下記の通
りである。 セメント:宇部セメント社製、普通ポルトラ
ンドセメント、 軽量骨材:パーライト:フヨーライト社製
「フヨー1号」 木粉:製材鋸屑 2mmパス通過のもの、 耐アルカリ性ガラス繊維:ピルキントン社製
「Cem−Fil」チヨツプストランド繊維長24mm 石綿:ジヨーンズ・マンウイル社製「6D−
04」 可塑剤:MC信越化学社製「メトローズ」 押出機:宮崎鉄工社製 FM−D型 押出成形試料:中空角柱辺a(100mm□)−直
径r(70mmφ) (図面に示す形状の通り)
The present invention relates to a cement composition suitable for producing a lightweight cementitious material using a lightweight aggregate such as perlite by an extrusion method. In recent years, lightweight cementitious materials for building materials using lightweight aggregates such as perlite are being put into practical use. These lightweight cementitious materials are lightweight and have high heat insulation properties, and those reinforced with fibers such as glass fibers are excellent materials with high strength. The manufacturing method was generally to inject mortar into a mold. For this reason, there was a drawback that the product cost was high even though the raw materials were cheap. In addition, since it takes a relatively long time to form the mold in the mold and remove it from the mold, mass production requires a large number of molds, and the cost of molds accounts for a high proportion of the manufacturing cost.
It is economically extremely difficult to mold and manufacture according to the dimensions. In recent years, a molding method using an extruder has been developed as a means to solve the drawbacks of molding using a mold. An extruder can reduce the man-hours required for assembling the formwork, injecting mortar, demolding, etc. required by the formwork method, and can mold many products with one die, reducing the time required for the formwork. Costs are reduced, and it is economically possible to mold and manufacture products of various shapes and sizes. However, when mortar mixed with lightweight aggregate is extruded and molded using an extruder, high external stresses such as shearing, compression, and bending act on the mortar within the extruder, crushing the lightweight aggregate and reducing the specific gravity of the resulting product. cannot keep it low. In addition, if the amount of water is increased to improve the fluidity of mortar as a means of reducing external stress acting on lightweight aggregates, the fluidity of the extruded raw product will also be easily deformed, resulting in so-called "sag". ``This phenomenon occurred, and it was not possible to mold products with highly accurate shapes and dimensions. This invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to prevent the lightweight aggregate from being crushed easily when extruding and manufacturing cementitious materials using lightweight aggregate using an extruder. An object of the present invention is to propose a cement composition for extrusion molding that can maintain high precision in molded shape and dimensions. The composition of the present invention includes 10 parts by weight or more of lightweight aggregate with an average particle size of 3 mm or less per 100 parts by weight of cement;
and 10 parts by weight or more of wood flour with an average particle diameter of 3 mm or less, and the total of the lightweight aggregate and wood flour is 100 parts by weight or less. When the mortar of this composition is extruded using an extruder, the wood flour in the mortar is compressed in the extruder, and the water in the wood flour is squeezed out to the outside and supplied as water between mortar particles. It imparts fluidity and avoids local pressure increases, making it difficult for lightweight aggregates to break. Furthermore, when the mortar is discharged from the extruder and released from pressure, the wood flour inside expands and absorbs water, taking in interparticle water that was necessary for fluidity, reducing fluidity and changing the shape of the raw mortar product. can be maintained. Therefore, by extrusion molding the composition of the present invention using an extruder, it is possible to produce a cementitious material that is effectively lightened in weight by using a lightweight aggregate of an appropriate particle size with high productivity and at low cost. . Moreover, it can easily accommodate various shapes and sizes. In addition, the lightweight cementitious material obtained by molding this composition has many properties compared to conventional lightweight cementitious materials, and is suitable for building materials such as exterior walls, partition walls, ceilings, and columns of buildings. It can be made of suitable materials. That is, in addition to being lightweight and having high heat insulation properties, it has excellent processability such as saw cutting and nailing, has a rich sense of volume, exhibits wood-like properties, and, for example, can have dew condensation comparable to that of wood. Lightweight aggregates used in this invention include natural aggregates such as volcanic rock and anti-flinder grains, pearlite (pearlite, obsidian), shirasu balloons, expanded vermiculite,
Artificial lightweight aggregates such as expanded shale, expanded clay, and expanded synthetic resin particles are effective, and pearlite is particularly optimal in terms of product specific gravity, workability, stable supply, cost, etc. The average particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 3 mm or less; if it exceeds 3 mm, it will reduce the fluidity of the mortar, which is not preferable. The amount of lightweight aggregate mixed in depends on the product's design specific gravity, workability (sawing ability, nailing ability, nailing ability, etc.), performance (strength,
The amount is preferably 10 parts by weight or more, particularly 20 to 50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of cement. The wood flour used in this invention may be of either softwood or broadleaf wood, and has an average diameter of 3 mm or less.
If the average diameter exceeds 3 mm, compressibility and water absorption will decrease, making it difficult to improve the protection of lightweight aggregate by wood flour and the shape retention of green mortar products, which are the characteristics of this invention. As the wood flour that satisfies these conditions, sawdust generated in ordinary sawmills is suitable, and is advantageous in terms of cost and effective use of resources. The amount of wood flour mixed is determined by molding conditions and product design, but it should be at least 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement, from the viewpoint of mortar fluidity, protection of lightweight aggregates, and shape retention of raw products. A range of 20 to 50 parts by weight is preferred. In order to keep the specific gravity, strength, workability, insulation properties, etc. of the product in a balanced manner, the total amount of lightweight aggregate and wood powder is within the range of 100 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of cement. Preferably it is 30 to 70 parts by weight. Note that small pieces of paper, pulp, fibers, or compressible water-absorbing materials such as plastic foam also have the same effects as the wood flour of this invention, but wood flour requires a larger amount than these. can be uniformly dispersed and mixed into the mortar, improving the shape retention of extruded products, the protection of materials that are easily destroyed such as lightweight aggregates in the extruder, and the processability of molded products. It is extremely effective in improving Additionally, wood flour has the advantage of being stably supplied in both quality and quantity and being inexpensive. As the cement used in this invention, portland cement, alumina cement, mixed cement thereof, etc. can be used. In addition to the above-mentioned lightweight aggregate and wood flour, this composition may optionally contain fly ash, gypsum, pozzolan, alkali-resistant glass fiber, asbestos and other fibrous reinforcing substances, diatomaceous earth, rubber latex, etc. Substances such as resin emulsion, colorants, curing rate regulators, inhibitors, and plasticizers of water-soluble polymers such as methoxycellulose can be blended insofar as they do not inhibit extrusion molding. Among these substances, alkali-resistant glass fiber, asbestos, diatomaceous earth, and resin emulsion have a remarkable effect when added and blended, and are therefore preferred blended substances. Alkali-resistant glass fibers are resistant to attack by the alkaline components of cement and can reinforce the cementitious material and increase its strength over a long period of time. However, when mortar containing glass fibers is generally extruded, the glass fibers break due to external stresses such as shearing, compression, and bending that act on the mortar.
There was a drawback that the fiber length became short and the reinforcing effect could not be fully exerted. However, when glass fiber is mixed into this composition, due to the same phenomenon as that of the lightweight aggregate described above, it is protected by wood flour and the breakage of the glass fiber can be suppressed during extrusion molding. , can effectively reinforce and increase its strength. It goes without saying that this composition can be reinforced with other fibrous materials in addition to the alkali-resistant glass fibers. Asbestos is relatively inexpensive and is effective in reinforcing the cementitious material obtained by molding and smoothing the surface. During extrusion molding, asbestos is used similarly to wood flour to protect and retain the shape of lightweight aggregates or alkali-resistant glass fibers. It has a good effect on the properties of the material and does not impair the workability of the material obtained by molding. Diatomaceous earth also exhibits effects similar to wood flour. Furthermore, if a resin latex is added and blended, the moldable water content of the mortar can be reduced, and at the same time it becomes a polymer cement, improving the physical properties of the molding material. The composition of the present invention is mixed and kneaded with water to form a mortar and extruded, and the water content is in the range of 20 to 100% by weight (based on the total composition). The composition of the present invention is as described above, and is a cement composition for extrusion molding containing cement, lightweight aggregate, and wood flour. When this composition is extruded using an extruder, the lightweight aggregate is difficult to crush, and the extruded raw mortar product has good shape retention, so it can be used as a lightweight cementitious material using lightweight aggregate with an appropriate particle size. can be manufactured with high precision in shape and dimensions. In addition, extruders can economically mold products into various shapes and sizes and have high productivity, making it possible to produce high value-added products at low cost. Examples and comparative examples are shown in the table below. The raw materials and extrusion equipment used in each example are as follows. Cement: Ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Ube Cement Co., Ltd. Light aggregate: Perlite: “Fuyo No. 1” manufactured by Fuyolite Co., Ltd. Wood flour: Sawdust passed through a 2mm pass, Alkali-resistant glass fiber: “Cem-Fil” manufactured by Pilkington Co., Ltd. Thupstrand fiber length 24mm Asbestos: Johns Manwill "6D-"
04" Plasticizer: "Metrose" manufactured by MC Shin-Etsu Chemical Extruder: FM-D type manufactured by Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd. Extrusion molded sample: Hollow prism side a (100 mm □) - diameter r (70 mm φ) (as shown in the drawing)

【表】【table】

【表】【table】 【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図面は実施例および比較例の押出成形試料およ
びその歪を示す断面図である。
The drawings are cross-sectional views showing extrusion molded samples of Examples and Comparative Examples and their distortions.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 セメント100重量部に対し、平均粒径が3mm
以下の軽量骨材および木粉をそれぞれ10重量部以
上で、かつ軽量骨材および木粉の合計が100重量
部以下となる量を含むことを特徴とする押出成形
用軽量セメント組成物。
1 Average particle size is 3mm per 100 parts by weight of cement
A lightweight cement composition for extrusion molding, characterized in that it contains the following lightweight aggregate and wood flour in an amount of 10 parts by weight or more, and a total of 100 parts by weight or less of the lightweight aggregate and wood flour.
JP9388979A 1979-07-24 1979-07-24 Lightweight cement composition for extrusion forming Granted JPS5617965A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9388979A JPS5617965A (en) 1979-07-24 1979-07-24 Lightweight cement composition for extrusion forming

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9388979A JPS5617965A (en) 1979-07-24 1979-07-24 Lightweight cement composition for extrusion forming

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5617965A JPS5617965A (en) 1981-02-20
JPS6218512B2 true JPS6218512B2 (en) 1987-04-23

Family

ID=14095037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9388979A Granted JPS5617965A (en) 1979-07-24 1979-07-24 Lightweight cement composition for extrusion forming

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5617965A (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60226467A (en) * 1984-04-20 1985-11-11 日本セメント株式会社 Pearlite plaster material
US5549859A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-08-27 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for the extrusion of novel, highly plastic and moldable hydraulically settable compositions
US5545297A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-08-13 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for continuously placing filaments within hydraulically settable compositions being extruded into articles of manufacture
JP2644698B2 (en) * 1995-03-08 1997-08-25 日本セメント株式会社 Perlite mortar composition for plasterers
AT474U1 (en) * 1995-05-16 1995-11-27 St A D Bauprojektentwicklungs BUILDING MATERIAL WITH WOOD FLOUR
US6825444B1 (en) * 1999-01-29 2004-11-30 Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska Heated bridge deck system and materials and method for constructing the same
CN108623277A (en) * 2018-05-25 2018-10-09 合肥奇呗数字科技有限公司 One kind can cracking resistance thermal-insulating type mortar and preparation method thereof

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53130723A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-11-15 Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co Method of producing hardened body of gypsum reinforced with fiber

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53130723A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-11-15 Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co Method of producing hardened body of gypsum reinforced with fiber

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JPS5617965A (en) 1981-02-20

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