JPS6218243Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an improvement of a backwashing mechanism for a material layer in a gravity-type filtration device.

Gravity filtration equipment that applies conventional air cleaning is
For example, a backwashing air jet pipe was installed in the water collection room, and the jetted air was introduced through the water collection holes in the water collection plate, but even if the water collection plate was slightly tilted, the air There were problems such as uneven air introduction easily occurring, and the structure of the backwash air introduction device etc. to be complicated in order to perform uniform air cleaning.

The present invention solves these problems by introducing backwashing air or air and water uniformly over the entire material layer, not only for air backwashing but also for combined backwashing that uses air and water at the same time. The purpose of this invention is to economically provide a gravity-type filtration device that can perform backwashing accurately and has a simple configuration.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a water tank 1 equipped with a water collection plate 4 with a large number of water collection holes 3 at the lower part of the material layer 2, in which the water is collected directly below the water collection plate 4. A water chamber 21 is formed, the upper end is in contact with the water collecting plate 4, the lower end is separated from the bottom of the water collecting chamber 21, and the communication hole 8
A plurality of partition plates 5 having holes therein are vertically arranged to form a plurality of water catchment areas 6 with the water collection holes 3 and one or more air areas in the upper part of the water collection chamber 21. 7
and each catchment area 6 is separated from the air area 7.
and the air area 7 is formed adjacent to the air area 7.
This is a gravity-type filtration device in which an air cleaning pipe 10 is connected to the air purifier.

One embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. A material layer 2 is placed on the upper part of a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped tank 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as tank 1) installed horizontally.
is formed, and a flat water collection plate 4 with a large number of water collection holes 3 is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the material layer 2,
The space directly below this water collection plate 4 serves as a water collection chamber 21.

A large number of flat partition plates 5 are installed perpendicularly to the water collecting plate 4 below the water collecting plate 4, and their lower ends are connected to the bottom of the water collecting chamber 21, that is, the tank bottom 1'. the water collection hole 3 by being separated from the water collection hole 3;
A water catchment area 6 that directly communicates with the water collection hole 3 and an air area 7 that indirectly communicates with the water collection hole 3 are divided, and these water catchment area 6 and air area 7 are communicated by the space below the partition plate 5. . In this way, water collection room 2
The lower part of the water collection chamber 21 is formed as a simple water tank, whereas the upper part of the water collection chamber 21, that is, the part at the height of the partition plate 4 is divided into a catchment area 6 and an air area 7. .

Each of the catchment areas 6 has a partition plate 5 of the same size.
Since it is formed by combining four sheets of It is arranged in.
Furthermore, a communication hole 8 for introducing backwashing air from the air area 7 to the catchment area 6 is bored in the center of each partition plate 5 . In this way, in FIG. 2, the catchment area 6 is distributed in a grid pattern above the water collection chamber 21, and the air area 7 is formed around the catchment area 6.
In other words, the air regions 7 are not dispersed and are interconnected as a whole.

The partition plate 5 is in contact with the water collection plate 4, and it is preferable that air or water flow is blocked in this contact area, but there may be some gaps, as shown in the figure, 9. is the air cleaning valve,
Reference numeral 10 denotes an air cleaning pipe that is open and connected to the side wall 1'' located directly below the water collection plate 4.The excess water discharge pipe and valve, and the backwash water supply pipe and valve are connected to the tank bottom 1' or the side wall 1''. connected to, but not shown.

The filtration process and backwashing process in the filtration apparatus described above will be explained as follows.

(1) Overflow process The overwater obtained by flowing downward through the material layer 2 flows into the water collection chamber 21 through the water collection hole 3, and is discharged from the system through the overflow discharge pipe. .

(2) Backwashing process (2)-1 Air backwashing When the water collection chamber 21 is almost empty, the air washing valve 9 is opened to supply backwashing air to the water collection chamber 2.
1, the air fills the entire water collection chamber 21 and then passes through the water collection hole 3 and rises. Further, when the air cleaning valve 9 is opened when the liquid level in the water collection chamber 21 is located above the lower end of the partition plate 5, the supplied air is removed from the partition plate 5.
Since it is difficult for the water to flow into the water catchment area 6 after passing through the lower side, it is first dispersed in the passage-like air area 7, and flows evenly into each water catchment area 6 through the communication hole 8, and then flows through the water collection hole 3. The liquid is evenly distributed and ejected over the entire surface of the material layer 2.

In this type of air backwashing, please be aware that if the air flow rate is increased all at once at the start of backwashing, turbulence will occur within the material layer 2, which may cause uneven flow of air or water during subsequent cleanings, making it impossible to perform uniform backwashing. However, in order to do this, the shape of the communication hole 8 should be made such that the opening area becomes larger toward the bottom as shown in Fig. 3, and the excess water under the water collection plate 4 is discharged by the pressure of the backwashing air. Then, the air flow rate can be gradually increased as the superhydrant level falls. In this way, when the air backflow occurs, it is not necessary to discharge excess water in the water catchment area 6 and the air area 7 to the outside in advance (although it may be discharged).

(2)-2 Combined backwashing with air and water When the air wash valve 9 and the backwash water supply valve are opened and backwash air and backwash water (clean water may be used) are supplied to the water collection chamber 21, Initially, only air is distributed and ejected from the water collection hole 3 to the material layer 2, but as the amount of excess water stored in the water collection chamber 21 increases during this time, the liquid level rises and the water level in the communication hole 8 increases. However, since the air supply continues, the air tries to flow into the catchment area 6 from the communication hole 8, so the liquid level in the air area 7 does not exceed the upper end of the communication hole 8. As shown in FIG. 1, when the catchment area 6 is filled with excess water, the liquid level in the air area 7 becomes, for example, at an intermediate position between the communication hole 8 and the lower end of the partition plate 5, and the air from the communication hole 8 and the water catchment area 6 The excess water inside is ejected from the water collection hole 3 to the material layer 2, and backwashing is performed using both air and water.

(2)-3 Water backwash It is sufficient to open only the backwash water supply valve,
Excess water passes through the catchment area 6 and flows from the water collection hole to the material layer 2.
It is squirted. At this time, if there is a gap in the upper end of the partition plate 5, the air area 7 will also be filled with excess water, but if it is sealed, air will remain.

The purpose of making the catchment area 6 and the air area 7 communicate with each other at the bottom is to uniformly supply backwash air to each catchment area 6 during air backwashing.
This has the advantage of simplifying the structure of the catchment area 6 and air area 7.

In the above embodiment, each partition plate 5 has a communication hole 8.
Although only one opening was provided, if there are multiple openings, the uniformity of air inflow can be improved. Note that it goes without saying that the shape and diameter of the communicating hole 8 can be set appropriately as necessary.
Furthermore, the partition plate 5 can be made into a cylindrical or conical shape, the tank 1 can be made into a cylindrical shape, and the catchment area 6 can be made into a cylindrical shape.
It is also effective to arrange them in a staggered manner or to increase the volume of the air space 7. Although one water collection hole 3 is opened in each water catchment area 6, it is also possible to have a plurality of water collection holes 3. In particular, as shown in FIG. By opening a large number of water collecting holes 3 in the water collecting plate 4, the structure below the water collecting plate 4 can be made simpler.

In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
It is important to supply a uniformly distributed supply. That is, it is important that the air is once dispersed into the air area 7 and then introduced into each catchment area 6 as described above. If it is connected to a position corresponding to a position below the lower end, there is a risk that air will be directly concentrated and supplied only to a very limited number of the plurality of catchment areas 6.

The partition plate 5 also acts as a reinforcing material for the water collection plate 4, but it is more effective if it is made of shaped steel as shown in FIG. Furthermore, if the area of the water collection plate 4 is large, it can be divided into parts as shown in FIG. Work such as replacing the water plate 4 and carrying it in and out can be performed efficiently.

As described above, according to the present invention, not only air backwashing but also air/water backwashing can be performed uniformly over the entire surface of the material layer, and the device structure is simple and the backwashing operation is simple. You can get benefits such as:

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partial front sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line of FIG. 1, FIGS. 3 to 5 are partial front sectional views showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a water collection in yet another embodiment of the present invention. A perspective view of the plate, and FIG. 7 is a front sectional view showing the assembled state of the water collecting plate. 1...tank, 1'...tank bottom, 1''...side wall, 2...
Material layer, 3... Water collection hole, 4... Water collection plate, 5... Partition plate, 6... Water catchment area, 7... Air area, 8... Communication hole, 9... Air cleaning valve, 10... ...air cleaning pipe, 1
1... Reinforcement plate, 12... Patchkin, 21... Water collection room.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] 1. In a super-layered structure in which a water collection plate with water collection holes is provided at the lower part of the material layer, a water collection chamber is formed directly below the water collection plate, and the upper end is connected to the water collection plate. A plurality of partition plates in contact with the water plate, the lower ends of which are spaced apart from the bottom of the water collection chamber, and each having a communication hole are arranged in the vertical direction. A gravity-type filtration device comprising: dividing a catchment area and an air area, forming each catchment area adjacent to the air area, and further connecting an air cleaning pipe to the air area. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the communication hole has an opening area that gradually increases from the top to the bottom. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water catchment areas are arranged in a staggered or grid pattern in the direction of the surface of the water catchment plate.