JPS62178700A - Icicle freezing preventive device in electric car tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention provides an icicle anti-icing system in train tunnels.
! Regarding L. More specifically, the present invention is aimed at electric power stations in cold regions (there is a water leak in the ceiling part of the tunnel, and in the winter, this leakage freezes and becomes icicles, and the icicles flow downstream from the ceiling, causing electric power lines running in the tunnel to be damaged). The present invention relates to an icicle prevention device for preventing damage to window glasses or pantographs (current collectors), short-circuiting between the ceiling portion of the tunnel and the trolley wire, or damage to the trolley wire support insulator.

[Conventional technology]

Until now, icicles in the train tunnel mentioned above.

It was mainly removed by hand. However, such dangerous removal work requires electrical knowledge and training, and because the work is difficult and done in the cold, it has become increasingly difficult to secure workers.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

゛tun・1 (Water leakage from the tunnel ceiling is completely prevented 11-
If possible, the above-mentioned icicles will not occur. however,
Even with current wood technology, it is extremely difficult to dig tunnels that do not leak water over a long period of time, and especially in tunnels that have been constructed for many years, it is almost impossible to prevent water leakage.

However, icicles are found in cold regions, and during the harsh winter months when temperatures are below zero degrees Celsius and several tens of degrees Celsius below zero, icicles occur within several hundred meters from the entrance of a train tunnel.

Furthermore, since the distance between the tunnel ceiling and the trolley line of the train is narrow and high, it is difficult and uneconomical to remove the icicles manually (as mentioned above, it also interferes with train operation). comes out.

Therefore, in order to guide water leakage from the tunnel ceiling to the outside of the width of the pantograph at the top of the trolley wire, a long cover plate that acts as an umbrella for the train is installed between the ceiling and the trolley wire in the front and back direction of the tunnel. It is conceivable to provide one.

However, according to the results of experiments, it has been found that this force first generates ice blocks in the gap between the plate and the tunnel ceiling, and that there is a risk that the cover plate will deform and fall off due to the stress created by the ice blocks.

The present invention seeks to obviate the difficulties and dangers described above.

[Means to solve the problem]

In the present invention, the ice blocks and icicles generated on the cover board described above are heated and melted by an electric heat source. As one nuclear heat source, in addition to electric heat, it is conceivable to attach a tube through which hot air or heated antifreeze fluid passes to the cover plate. However, for hot air, the heat storage G'c per medium volume of air is the number of liquids.
It is 1/100th of the size, and heating over long distances such as in tunnels requires large air passages, which is uneconomical. There is a similar problem, and if the liquid were to leak, it would cause pollution (environmental contamination), so it is also not suitable as a heat source.

Even if an icicle-protecting cover plate or antifreeze device equipped with an electric heating source is provided between the tunnel ceiling and the electric trolley wire, it is of course uneconomical to provide it over the entire area of the ceiling.

Therefore, in the present invention, as a result of research, when the horizontal width in the vertical direction to the tunnel of the electric heating waterproof board is a, and the width of the pantograph is W (see Figure 3 below), a = (0.5 to 1.5). )W (1)
If so, the trolley wire is shorted to ground due to the occurrence of icicles.
It was discovered that damage caused by icicles to pantographs and other train window glass can be prevented.

The necessity of the relationship expressed by equation (1) above will be explained with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single-track tunnel of Electric Railway 1 (a partial perspective view of which is shown in Figure 2), but even in the case of a double-track tunnel, the relationship in equation (1) holds true for each line. It shall be.

3 and 4 are enlarged views of the relationship between the roof and the trolley wire in the tunnel shown in FIG. 1, in order to explain the present invention.

In these figures, ■ is a trolley wire of a train, which is supported by arms 6 and insulators 7 at required intervals.

Further, although not shown in the IA, an insulator is also used for the trolley wire directly above it, which extends lTj 'F from the tunnel ceiling 2.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, there is water leakage in the tunnel ceiling 2, and icicles 3 occur when the temperature is below freezing. During the severe cold season, the strength of this icicle 3 is quite large, so
While coming into contact with the trolley wire 1, the icicles may damage the pantograph 5 of the insulator 8'' which is fixed to the train 10, which is traveling at high speed along with the train, or cause an electric arc between the pantograph 1 and the tunnel ceiling 2. This may cause a short circuit or even destroy the arm 6 and insulator 7 of the trolley wire, causing problems in train operation.

Now, in the above state, first of all, the upper limit of a in equation (1) must be 1.5111 because live parts such as the support arm 6 and insulator 7 in Fig. 1.2 are if there is,
This part also needs to be protected from icicles, so a
must be larger than the width W of the pantograph.

The second reason is that the tunnel is like the one shown in Figure 1.2. 1'L
211, not a line tunnel! In the case of a tunnel, the curved surface of the ceiling is gentle, the range of water leakage along this curved surface is wide, and the moving speed of the water is slow, increasing the risk of freezing, so the horizontal width a of the waterproof plate 19 is This is because it will need to be made larger.

Next, the reason why the power supply of the similar book vIlliiiia is set to 0.5- is that in the part where the trolley wire support arm 6 and insulator 7 are not provided, consideration for this part is unnecessary, and consideration for the trolley wire 1 is sufficient. Alternatively, by increasing the angle of inclination of both ends of the waterproof plate with respect to the horizontal, melt water can fall more quickly and icicles can be prevented from forming.

Now, when electric heat is used as the heating source for the waterproof board described above, various types of heating elements can be considered.

For example, a MIC that insulates the heat generating part with an inorganic insulator such as magnesia powder and has a fully bending sheath such as copper.
Possible examples include cables abbreviated as , or agricultural heating wires made of plastic-insulated heating wires used in greenhouses and the like.

However, since MIC is an inorganic powder insulator, it is difficult to prevent moisture at wire connections in places with low temperatures and high humidity. , it is difficult to maintain the edges, and there is a problem of electrolytic corrosion, and plastic insulated wires are not sufficient to protect against external damage if they are left bare. It's not economical to come.

Therefore, as a heating element in the case of the present invention, a skin current heating tube or a heating element based on a similar principle is most desirable.

The principle of the skin current heating tube is already known;
The outline is given in the book, Electrical Engineering Book, published by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (1978), page 1578.

However, it is not yet widely known, so I will briefly explain its principle and structure.

Skin current heating tubes can be roughly divided into series skin current heating tubes shown in FIG. 5 and induced skin current heating tubes shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. These have application circuits, and Figure 7 shows the 5th circuit.
This is one example of the application of the diagram.

In these drawings, 11 and 11° are ferromagnetic heat-generating steel pipes, 12 is an insulated wire or cable freely passed through these steel pipes, and 13 is an alternating current power source, usually at a commercial frequency. 14.14' and 14° are connection wires, and the connection between the power supply 13, the insulated wire 12, and the W4 tubes 11, 11' is as follows. In the induced skin current heating tube shown in FIG.
Steel pipes 11 and 11', which will form the next circuit, are electrically connected by welding at both ends with shorting pieces 17 and 19.

In the induced skin current heating tube shown in Fig. 7, the insulated Vj 12 is wound three times within the steel pipe 11.11° to form the primary circuit. If the dimensions are the same and the conditions shown in equations (2) and (3) below are satisfied, and the primary current i from the power supply is equal, the seventh
In the figure, the power supply voltage is increased by 1''3. That is, the heat generation is increased by 3 times, so the induced skin current heating tube is used for this purpose.

In such a case, the wall thickness of steel F 1 l or 11' is set to E
(c+s), Ii diameter is l (Cm), steel pipe inner diameter is D (
cm), the resistivity of the steel pipe is ρ (Ωc + s), its relative magnetic permeability is used, and the power frequency is f (Hz). >S
When the relationship (3) holds, the resistance of the steel pipe can be determined by assuming that the alternating current generates heat without being uniformly distributed within the wall thickness of the steel pipe and flows uniformly within the range S. S is called the depth of alternating current, and when f is a commercial frequency, it is about 1 mm.

As the skin current heating tube, a ferromagnetic steel tube with a wall thickness of t > 2 mm or more, which is a regular product, is used.
1↑ satisfies the condition of equation (3) C, and almost no current flows out other than the F8 steel pipe, so even if there is metal contact, there is no possibility of current generation or harm to humans or animals. It can be used as a safe heating element because it does not leak a moderate amount of current.

Figure 1-L is an outline of a skin current heating tube, and a simple induced current heating tube (No.
-1ft No. 104, publication date March 1983, 290) can also be used.

Furthermore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3.4, the heating tube 11. +1' etc. are electrically connected to the waterproof metal plate 19 at both ends and at the middle position in the interval of number Cal or filOco to create a secondary circuit, so the material of the waterproof metal plate 19 and the plate By appropriately selecting dimensions such as thickness, it is also possible to utilize Japanese Patent Application No. Showa Go-127887 (title of invention: electromagnetic induction type heating plate), which the present applicant has already applied for. In the present invention, for convenience of explanation, the above-mentioned tubes will also be referred to as skin current heating tubes.

The advantage of using the skin's normal current heating tube in the present invention is that the skin's current heating tube is a steel tube, which not only has high mechanical strength and is resistant to external damage, but also ,11
°... etc., it can be electrically integrated with the chevron-shaped waterproof metal plate 19 with a width a that prevents water droplets from falling from the ceiling 2, and a welding material or the like is used between the two to improve heat transfer. Waterproof metal plate I
Another advantage is that heat can be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the device.

Furthermore, by the above-mentioned use, the heating tubes 1, 1, 11°, etc., and the I! :! This is because the electromagnetic force of the current flowing through 3a+2 generates minute vibrations with a frequency twice the power supply frequency, thereby making it possible to hasten the fall of water droplets or ir-dissolved icicles on the waterproof metal plate 19.

The power required to prevent icicles as described above is
Usually too~4 affected by outside temperature and water leakage.
Since it is in the range of 00/m', even if the plate width a = 1 m, the maximum power per 100 m in the tunnel is 40 KW, usually about 20 KW, which is small compared to electric power from electric trains.

In the above description, the case where the power supply 13 is single-phase has been described, but it is of course possible to use a three-phase power supply.

〔Example〕

3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views for explaining the present invention in detail, and are used in areas where the winter temperature is -20°C or less, and the water width of the metal plate is a = 1. 0
~1.2+a Te, the power per 1rn' of the board is 350W
It is. The heat generating plate ff1l, 11°... and the waterproof metal plate 19 are hereinafter referred to as the electric heating plate 20. In FIG. .21' is fixed at 1-, and unit lengths are arranged as degrees of width a. At this time, in order to minimize heat loss due to heat conduction from the electric heating plate 20, both ends of the electric heating plate 20 and supporting hardware 21, 21' are connected in the tunnel length direction of the electric heating plate 20 as shown in FIG. , for example, the unit η of the electric heating plate 20 is steel? JF or supporting flat steel 22' is used, and upper hot plate 20 and supporting hardware 21.
21', a gap of several C11 to 10 c+s is provided.

In addition, the supporting metal fittings 21.21 are attached to the supporting flat steel 22.22'.
' A drainer 23 is installed between the support metal fittings 21 and
It is also possible to prevent the temperature from shifting to 21° and refreezing.ii
■It is Noh.

Heat generating tubes II, II°...The shade is attached to the lower surface of the waterproof metal plate 19 as shown in Fig. 3.4, but this is done by improving the flow of the upper surface of the metal plate 19 and This is to minimize corrosion of the board.

As shown in the figure, the waterproof metal plate 19 is formed on the trolley wire l so as to be inclined in a mountain shape, and this is done in order to improve the flow of water droplets on the metal plate and minimize corrosion of the metal plate. This is also to make the insulation interval between the metal plate and the trolley vj1 as large as possible.

In the antifreeze device of the present invention, in order to ensure its corrosion resistance, the heating steel pipes and the like are coated with zinc laminated steel, and a stainless steel clad plate is also used as the waterproof metal plate 19.

[Action and effect]

The electric heating plates 20 according to the present invention, which are installed in the necessary number to prevent icicles in the tunnel, are manufactured by @Steel Pipe 11.1
1', etc., generates heat by supplying power from the control panel 9 shown in FIG.
Prevents the generation of icicles and dissolves and removes the generated icicles. The control m9 has a thermometer for measuring the temperature inside the tunnel, and by detecting the occurrence of icicles, the device of the present invention can be automatically operated. The generation of icicles was completely prevented, and the various problems related to the generation of icicles before the present invention could be solved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 7 are illustrations of the icicle antifreeze device of the present invention.
It is a diagram. In these figures, FIG. A cross-sectional view of a single-track tunnel, Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of the tunnel in Figure 1, Figure 3.4 is an installation explanatory diagram, and Figure 5.6.7.
The figure is a principle diagram for explaining the skin current heating tube used in the present invention. In these figures, 1...Trolley wire 2...Tunnel ceiling 3...
・Icicle 4...' Shinji rail 5...Pantograph 6...Trolley wire support arm 7...Insulator 8...Pantograph insulator 9...Control pito...Dento II, 11° ... Heat-generating steel pipe 12 ... Insulated wire 1
3...AC power supply 14.14', +4"...
・Connection wire! 5...Terminal 16
...Terminal 17.19...Connection piece 19...
・Waterproof metal plate 20...Electric heating plate 21.21'
...Supporting hardware 22.22'...Supporting flat steel for fixing the electric heating plate 23.23'...Kikiri Kita Patent Applicant Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Agent Patent Attorney Katsuhiko Nonaka $1 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A unit of chevron-shaped electric heating plates with a horizontal width a, located between the lower surface of the ceiling in the train tunnel and the trolley line, and maintaining the vertical distance from the trolley line as much as possible, is necessary in the running direction of the tunnel. When the horizontal width of a pantograph of a train running in the tunnel is W, the a is in the range of a=(0.5 to 1.5)×W. An icicle antifreeze device inside a train tunnel. (2) The unit of the mountain-shaped electric heating plate 20 has a plurality of skin current heating plates 11, 11' arranged in parallel and attached to the lower surface of the waterproof metal plate 19 constituting the plate.
The device described in item 1). (3) The device according to claim (2), wherein a gap b is provided between the chevron-shaped electric heating plate 20 and the supporting hardware 21, 21'. (4) Claim (3) in which the supporting flat bars 22, 22' that connect the chevron-shaped electric heating plate 20 with the supporting hardware 21, 21' are provided with drains 23, 23' at positions across the gap b. The device described in.