JPH051880B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH051880B2 JPH051880B2 JP1952086A JP1952086A JPH051880B2 JP H051880 B2 JPH051880 B2 JP H051880B2 JP 1952086 A JP1952086 A JP 1952086A JP 1952086 A JP1952086 A JP 1952086A JP H051880 B2 JPH051880 B2 JP H051880B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- train
- electric heating
- plate
- icicles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、電車トンネル内のつらら凍結防止装
置に関する。更に詳しくは、本発明は寒冷地にお
ける電車トンネル内天井部分に漏水があり、冬期
この漏水が凍結してつららとなり、該つららが天
井より垂下して、該トンネル内を走行する電車の
窓ガラス又はパンタグラフ（集電装置）を破損し
たり、該トンネル内の天井部分とトロリー線とを
短絡し、又はトロリー線支持碍子を破損すること
を防止するための該つらら防止装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to an icicle antifreeze device in a train tunnel. More specifically, the present invention deals with water leakage in the ceiling of a train tunnel in a cold region, and in the winter, this leakage freezes and becomes icicles, which hang down from the ceiling and cause damage to the windowpanes or the windows of trains running in the tunnel. The present invention relates to an icicle prevention device for preventing damage to a pantograph (current collector), short-circuiting between the ceiling portion of the tunnel and the trolley wire, or damage to the trolley wire support insulator.
現在まで、上述の電車トンネル内のつららは、
主として人力によつて除去されていた。しかし、
このような危険な除去作業は、電気に関しての知
識と訓練が必要であり、寒中かつ困難な仕事でも
あるので作業員の確保が次第に困難になつて来
た。
Until now, the icicles in the train tunnel mentioned above are
It was mainly removed by hand. but,
This kind of dangerous removal work requires electrical knowledge and training, and because the work is difficult and done in the cold, it has become increasingly difficult to secure workers.
電車トンネルの天井からの漏水が完全に防止で
きれば、上述のつららの発生はない。しかしなが
ら、現在の土木技術によつても長期にわたつて漏
水のない該トンネルを掘ることは非常に困難であ
り、特に既に建設されて年数を経た該トンネルで
は、漏水の防止は殆ど不可能である。
If water leakage from the ceiling of train tunnels could be completely prevented, the above-mentioned icicles would not occur. However, even with current civil engineering technology, it is extremely difficult to dig tunnels that do not leak water over a long period of time, and it is almost impossible to prevent water leaks, especially in tunnels that have already been constructed for many years. .
しかして、つららは、寒冷地で見られるもので
あり、零下０℃以下零下数10℃の厳冬期には、電
車トンネルの入口より数百ｍ内部までの範囲で発
生する。 However, icicles are found in cold regions, and during the harsh winter months of temperatures below zero degrees Celsius and several tens of degrees Celsius below zero, icicles occur within several hundred meters from the entrance of a train tunnel.
その上、該トンネル天井と電車のトロリー線間
の距離は、せまく、かつ、高所であるため人力に
よつてつららを除くことは前述したように困難か
つ不経済であり、電車の運行にも支障が出てく
る。 Furthermore, since the distance between the tunnel ceiling and the trolley line of the train is narrow and high, it is difficult and uneconomical to remove the icicles by hand, as mentioned above, and it is also difficult for the train to operate. Problems will arise.
そこでトンネル天井部の漏水をトロリー線の上
部においてパンタグラフの幅の外側に導くため
に、天井とトロリー線の間であつて、トンネル内
の前後方向に、電車の傘となるような長いカバー
板を設けることが考えられる。しかし、実験の結
果によると、このカバー板とトンネル天井の間隙
にまず氷塊が発生し、この氷塊のつくる応力のた
めに該カバー板が変形脱落する危険があることが
判つた。 Therefore, in order to guide water leakage from the tunnel ceiling to the outside of the width of the pantograph at the top of the trolley wire, a long cover plate was installed between the ceiling and the trolley wire in the front-rear direction inside the tunnel to serve as an umbrella for the train. It is conceivable to provide one. However, according to the results of experiments, it was found that ice blocks first formed in the gap between the cover plate and the tunnel ceiling, and that there was a risk that the cover plate would deform and fall off due to the stress created by the ice blocks.
本発明は、上述のような困難と危険を取除くた
めのものである。 The present invention seeks to obviate the difficulties and dangers described above.
本発明では、前記したカバー板上に発生する氷
塊、つららを電熱源によつて加熱融解させる。該
熱源としては、電熱の他に熱風、又は加熱した不
凍液を通す管を前記カバー板に取付けることが考
えられる。しかし、熱風は、空気の単位容積当り
の蓄熱量が液体の場合の数100分の１と小さく、
トンネル内のような長距離にわたる加熱には、大
きな風道が必要となつて不経済であり、不凍液を
使用するとしても上述の空気の場合ほどではない
にしても同様の問題があり、万一、該液が漏液し
た場合には公害（環境汚染）が発生するので、こ
れまた熱源の媒体として適当とはいえない。
In the present invention, the ice blocks and icicles generated on the cover plate described above are heated and melted using an electric heat source. As the heat source, in addition to electric heat, it is conceivable to attach to the cover plate a tube through which hot air or heated antifreeze fluid passes. However, the amount of heat stored in hot air per unit volume of air is several hundredths of that of liquid air.
Heating over long distances, such as in tunnels, requires large air passages, which is uneconomical, and even if antifreeze is used, there are similar problems, although not as severe as in the case of air, and in the event of an emergency. If the liquid leaks, it will cause pollution (environmental contamination), so it is also not suitable as a heat source medium.
電熱源を装備したつらら防止用のカバー板すな
わち凍結防止装置をトンネル天井と電車トロリー
線との間に設けるとしても、天井の全範囲に設け
ることは、勿論不経済である。 Even if an icicle-protecting cover plate or antifreeze device equipped with an electric heating source is provided between the tunnel ceiling and the electric trolley wire, it is of course uneconomical to provide it over the entire area of the ceiling.
そこで本発明では、研究の結果、電熱防水板の
トンネルに垂直方向の水平幅をａとし、同じくパ
ンタグラフの幅をＷとしたとき（後述第３図参
照）
ａ＝（0.5〜1.5）Ｗ (1)
であれば、つららの発生によるトロリー線の接地
短絡、パンタグラフ、その他電車の窓ガラス等の
つららによる破損が防止できることを発見した。 Therefore, in the present invention, as a result of research, when the horizontal width in the vertical direction of the tunnel of the electric heating waterproof board is a, and the width of the pantograph is W (see Figure 3 below), a = (0.5 to 1.5) W (1 ), it was discovered that short-circuits to the ground of trolley wires and damage to pantographs and other train window glass caused by icicles could be prevented.
上述(1)式の関係の必要性を図面によつて説明す
る。 The necessity of the relationship in equation (1) above will be explained with reference to the drawings.
第１図は、第２図にその部分透視図を示す電車
の単線トンネルの断面略図であるが、複線トンネ
ルの場合であつても(1)式の関係は、それぞれの線
路について成立するものとする。 Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single-track tunnel for electric trains, a partial perspective view of which is shown in Figure 2. However, even in the case of a double-track tunnel, the relationship in equation (1) is assumed to hold for each track. do.
第３図、第４図は、本発明を説明するために第
１図のトンネルの上部天井とトロリー線の関係を
拡大して示したものである。 3 and 4 are enlarged views of the relationship between the upper ceiling of the tunnel in FIG. 1 and the trolley wire in order to explain the present invention.
これらの図において、１は、電車のトロリー線
で、必要間隔でアーム６、絶縁ガラス７によつて
支えられている。また、図示されていないが、ト
ロリー線には、その直上において、トンネル天井
２から垂下する絶縁碍子も使用される。 In these figures, 1 is a trolley wire of a train, which is supported by arms 6 and insulating glass 7 at required intervals. Although not shown, an insulator that hangs down from the tunnel ceiling 2 directly above the trolley wire is also used.
第１図又第２図において、トンネル天井２の部
分に漏水があり、気温が氷点下の場合につらら３
が発生する。厳寒期には、このつらら３の強度は
かなり大きいために、該つららがトロリー線１と
接触しながら、電車と共に高速度で走行する電車
１０に固定された絶縁碍子８上のパンタグラフ５
を破損したり、トロリー線１とトンネル天井２間
が電弧によつて短絡したり、さらには、トロリー
線のアーム６や絶縁碍子７を破壊したりして、電
車の運行に支障が出るようになる。 In Figures 1 and 2, if there is a water leak in the tunnel ceiling 2 and the temperature is below freezing, icicles 3
occurs. During the severe cold season, the strength of the icicles 3 is quite large, so that while the icicles are in contact with the trolley wire 1, the pantograph 5 on the insulator 8 fixed to the train 10 traveling at high speed with the train
This may damage the trolley wire 1 and the tunnel ceiling 2, cause a short circuit between the trolley wire 1 and the tunnel ceiling 2, or even destroy the arm 6 and insulator 7 of the trolley wire, thereby interfering with train operation. Become.
さて、以上のような状態のとき、まず(1)式でａ
の上限が1.5Wでなければならぬのは、第１，２
図の支持アーム６、絶縁硝子７のような充電部分
があれば、この部分もつららを防止しなければな
らぬので、ａは当然パンタグラフの水平幅Ｗより
も大きくなけらばならない。 Now, in the above state, first, in equation (1), a
The upper limit of 1.5W is required for the first and second
If there are live parts such as the support arm 6 and the insulating glass 7 shown in the figure, these parts must also be prevented from icicles, so naturally a must be larger than the horizontal width W of the pantograph.
第２の理由は、トンネルが第１，２図のような
単線トンネルでなく２車線トンネルの場合には、
天井の曲面がゆるやかになり、この曲面に沿つて
の漏水の範囲が広く、その移動速度がおそくなつ
て凍結のおそれが大きくなるので、防水板１９の
水平幅ａを大きくする必要がでてくるからであ
る。 The second reason is that if the tunnel is a two-lane tunnel rather than a single-track tunnel as shown in Figures 1 and 2,
The curved surface of the ceiling becomes gentler, the range of water leakage along this curved surface is wider, the movement speed of water becomes slower, and the risk of freezing increases, so it becomes necessary to increase the horizontal width a of the waterproof board 19. It is from.
次に、該水平幅ａの下源を0.5Wとする理由は、
トロリー線支持アーム６、絶縁碍子７のない部分
では、この部分に対する配慮が不要になり、単に
トロリー線１に対する配慮だけで十分となり、或
いは防水板両側端部の水平に対する傾斜角を大き
くして融解水の落下を早め、つららの発生を防止
できるからである。 Next, the reason why the horizontal width a is set to 0.5W is as follows.
In the area where the trolley wire support arm 6 and the insulator 7 are not provided, there is no need to consider this area, and it is sufficient to simply consider the trolley wire 1. Alternatively, the angle of inclination of both ends of the waterproof plate with respect to the horizontal may be increased to melt it. This is because water falls faster and icicles can be prevented from forming.
さて、以上で説明した防水板につき電熱を加熱
源とする場合、発熱体としては種々のものが考え
られる。 Now, when electric heat is used as the heating source for the waterproof board described above, various types of heating elements can be considered.
例えば、マグネシヤ粉末のような無機絶縁物で
発熱部分を絶縁し、銅のような金属シーズ（鞘）
をもつ、MICと略称されるケーブル、又は温室
などに利用される発熱線をプラスチツクで絶縁し
た農業電熱線などが考えられる。 For example, insulate the heat generating part with an inorganic insulator such as magnesia powder, and use a metal sheath such as copper.
Possible examples include cables abbreviated as MIC, which have a 300-degree heat exchanger, or agricultural heating wires made of plastic-insulated heating wires used in greenhouses, etc.
しかしながら、MICでは、無機粉末絶縁物で
あるために、低温高湿度の場所では、電線接続部
における防湿が困難で、絶縁を保ち難く、かつ電
蝕問題があり、プラスチツク絶縁電線では、裸の
まゝでは外傷に対して十分ではないので、通常の
金属管による電気配線工事のような構造をとる必
要が出て来て経済的ではない。 However, since MIC is an inorganic powder insulator, it is difficult to prevent moisture at wire connections in low-temperature, high-humidity locations, making it difficult to maintain insulation and causing problems with galvanic corrosion. Since this method is not sufficient to protect against external damage, it becomes necessary to adopt a structure similar to electrical wiring work using ordinary metal pipes, which is not economical.
従つて、本発明のような場合の発熱体として
は、表皮電流発熱管又は、その類似の原理による
発熱体が一番望ましい。 Therefore, as the heating element in the case of the present invention, it is most desirable to use a skin current heating tube or a heating element based on a similar principle.
表皮電流発熱管の原理については、既に公知で
あり、日本の電気学会発行（1978）電気工学ハン
ドブツク1578項にその概略がのべられている。 The principle of the skin current heating tube is already well known and is summarized in Section 1578 of the Electrical Engineering Handbook, published by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (1978).
しかし、未だ広く知られているわけではないの
で、簡単にその原理と構造をのべておく。 However, it is not yet widely known, so I will briefly explain its principle and structure.
表皮電流発熱管には、大別して第５図に示す直
列表皮電流発熱管と、第６，７図に示す誘導表皮
電流発熱管とがある。これらには、応用回路があ
り、第７図は、第５図の応用例の一つである。 Skin current heating tubes can be roughly divided into series skin current heating tubes shown in FIG. 5 and induced skin current heating tubes shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. These have application circuits, and FIG. 7 is one of the application examples of FIG. 5.
さて、これらの図面において、１１，１１′は
強磁性をもつ発熱鋼管で、１２はこれらの鋼管内
に自由に通された絶縁電線又はケーブル、１３は
交流電源で通常は適用周波数が用いられる。１
４，１４′，１４″は接続電線で、電源１３と絶縁
電線１２、鋼管１１，１１′との接続は第５図の
直列表皮電流発熱管では、電源１３に対し、絶縁
電線１２と発熱鋼管１が直列になるように、端子
１５，１６で接続され、第６図の誘導表皮電流発
熱管では、電源１３に対し、電線１２が１次回
路、２次回路となる鋼管１１，１１′がその両端
において短絡片１７，１８によつて溶接付されて
電気的に接続されている。 In these drawings, 11 and 11' are ferromagnetic heat-generating steel pipes, 12 is an insulated wire or cable freely passed through these steel pipes, and 13 is an alternating current power source, usually at an applicable frequency. 1
4, 14', 14'' are connection wires, and the connection between the power supply 13, the insulated wire 12, and the steel pipes 11, 11' is the connection between the power supply 13, the insulated wire 12, and the steel pipes 11, 11'. 1 are connected in series through terminals 15 and 16, and in the induced skin current heating tube shown in FIG. The two ends thereof are electrically connected by welding by shorting pieces 17 and 18.
第７図の誘導表皮電流発熱管では、鋼管１１，
１１′内で絶縁電線１２が３回巻きとなつて１次
回路を構成する場合を例示しているが、第６，７
図において各部の寸法が同一で、以下の(2)，(3)式
に示す条件を満足するならば、電源よりの１次電
流ｉが等しい場合、第７図では、電源電圧がほゞ
３倍になる。すなわち、発熱がほゞ３倍になるの
で、誘導表皮電流発熱管はこのような目的に使用
される。 In the induced skin current heating tube shown in FIG. 7, the steel pipe 11,
11', the insulated wire 12 is wound three times to form a primary circuit.
In the figure, if the dimensions of each part are the same and the conditions shown in equations (2) and (3) below are satisfied, then if the primary current i from the power supply is equal, in Figure 7, the power supply voltage is approximately 3. Double. That is, the induced skin current heating tube is used for this purpose because the heat generation is approximately tripled.
このような場合、鋼管１１又は１１′の肉厚を
ｔ（cm）、長さをｌ（cm）、鋼管内径をＤ（cm）とし、
鋼管の抵抗率をρ（Ωcm）、その比透磁率をμ、電
源周波数を（Hz）としたとき、
で表わされるＳに対し、
ｔ＞＞2S，１＞＞Ｄ，Ｄ＞＞Ｓ (3)
なる関係にあるときは、交流電流は、鋼管肉厚ｔ
内に一様に分布しないで発熱し、Ｓの範囲に一様
に流れるとして鋼管の抵抗を求めることが出来
る。Ｓを普通、交流電流の深さと呼び、ｆが適用
周波数の場合では１mm程度となる。 In such a case, the wall thickness of the steel pipe 11 or 11' is t (cm), the length is l (cm), the inner diameter of the steel pipe is D (cm),
When the resistivity of the steel pipe is ρ (Ωcm), its relative magnetic permeability is μ, and the power frequency is (Hz), For S expressed by
The resistance of the steel pipe can be determined by assuming that heat is generated without being uniformly distributed within the range S, and that the flow is uniform within the range S. S is usually called the depth of alternating current, and when f is the applied frequency, it is about 1 mm.
表皮電流発熱管としては、通常品質管理された
肉厚ｔ＞２mm以上の強磁性鋼管が用いられるの
で、該鋼管は、(3)式の条件をほゞ満足していて、
電流は発熱鋼管以外に殆ど流出せず、例え金属接
触しても電流の発生を見たり、人畜に害を与える
ほどの電流を漏出しないので安全な発熱体として
利用できる。 As a skin current heating tube, a quality-controlled ferromagnetic steel tube with a wall thickness t > 2 mm or more is usually used, so the steel tube substantially satisfies the condition of equation (3),
Virtually no current flows outside of the heating steel pipe, and even if it comes into contact with metal, no current will be generated or enough current will leak out to cause harm to humans or animals, so it can be used as a safe heating element.
以上が表皮電流発熱管の概略であるが、これら
の変形としての簡易誘導電流発熱管（日本国特許
公告昭58−16104号、公告日1983年３月29日）も
利用できる。 The above is an outline of the skin current heating tube, but a simple induced current heating tube (Japanese Patent Publication No. 16104/1983, published March 29, 1983) as a modification of these can also be used.
さらに、本発明においては、第３，４図に見ら
れるように、発熱管１１，１１′等はその両端お
よび数cmないし数10cmの間隔における中間の位置
で防水金属板１９と電気的に接続され、２次回路
を作るようになつているので、防水金属板１９の
材質と板厚等の寸法を適当に選ぶことによつて、
本出願人が既に特許出願中の特願昭60−127867号
（発明の名称：電磁誘導型発熱板）を利用するこ
ともできる。本願発明においては、説明の便宜
上、上述のものも含めて表皮電流発熱管と呼ぶこ
とにする。 Furthermore, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the heat generating tubes 11, 11', etc. are electrically connected to the waterproof metal plate 19 at both ends and at an intermediate position between several centimeters to several tens of centimeters apart. By appropriately selecting the material and thickness of the waterproof metal plate 19, a secondary circuit is created.
It is also possible to utilize Japanese Patent Application No. 127867/1986 (title of invention: electromagnetic induction type heating plate), which the present applicant has already applied for. In the present invention, for convenience of explanation, the above-mentioned tubes will also be referred to as skin current heating tubes.
表皮電流発熱管を本発明に利用することの利点
は、表皮電流発熱管が鋼管であつて、単に機械的
強度が大で外傷に強いばかりでなく、第３，４図
の発熱管１１，１１′…等と水滴が天井２より落
下することを防止する幅ａで山型の防水金属板１
９と電気的に一体に出来るし、両者間を溶接付な
どして伝熱を良くし、防水金属板１９の全面に熱
を一様に分散させることも出来る点にもある。 The advantage of using the skin current heating tube in the present invention is that the skin current heating tube is made of steel, which not only has high mechanical strength and is resistant to external damage, but also has the advantage that the skin current heating tube 11 and 11 shown in FIGS. '...etc. A chevron-shaped waterproof metal plate 1 with a width a to prevent water droplets from falling from the ceiling 2.
It can be electrically integrated with the waterproof metal plate 19, and it is also possible to weld them together to improve heat transfer and uniformly disperse the heat over the entire surface of the waterproof metal plate 19.
さらに、上述の利用によつて、発熱管１１，１
１′等と、これらに通される電線１２に流れる電
流の電磁力によつて、電源周波数の２倍の周波数
の微振動が発生して、防水金属板１９上の水滴又
は半溶解つららの落下を早めることが出来るから
である。 Furthermore, by the above-mentioned use, the heating tubes 11, 1
1' etc. and the electromagnetic force of the current flowing through the electric wires 12 passing through them, a slight vibration with a frequency twice the power supply frequency is generated, causing water droplets or semi-molten icicles to fall on the waterproof metal plate 19. This is because it can speed up the process.
なお、以上のようなつらら防止のために必要な
電力は、外気温、漏水の量にも影響される通常
100〜400W／m2範囲であるから、仮に板幅ａ＝
1mとしてもトンネル内の長さ100m当り最大
40KW、通常20KW程度であり、電車電力に比べ
れば小さな値である。 Note that the electricity required to prevent icicles as described above is a normal amount, which is also affected by the outside temperature and amount of water leakage.
Since it is in the range of 100 to 400W/ m2 , let us assume that the plate width a=
Even if it is 1m, it is the maximum per 100m of length inside the tunnel.
It is 40KW, usually around 20KW, which is a small value compared to electric train power.
以上の説明では、電源１３が単相の場合につい
て述べたが、３相電源を利用することが可能であ
ることは、勿論である。 In the above description, the case where the power supply 13 is single-phase has been described, but it is of course possible to use a three-phase power supply.
第３，４図は、本発明の実施例を説明するため
の断面略図であり、冬期の気温が、マイナス20℃
以下になるような地域で使用され、金属板の水平
幅ａ＝1.0〜1.2mで、該板１m2当りの電力は、
350Wである。発熱管１１，１１′…および防水金
属板１９を含めて以下電熱板２０と呼ぶことにす
ると、この電熱板２０は、第２図においてトンネ
ル３の天井２に設けられたパネルの支持金物２
１，２１′の上に固定され、単位長さは、幅ａの
程度として並べられる。この際、電熱板２０の両
端と支持金物２１，２１′は、電熱板２０からの
熱伝導による熱損失を出来るだけ少なくするため
に、第４図に示すように電熱板２０のトンネル長
さ方向、例えば電熱板２０の単位毎に、鋼帯又は
支持平鋼２２，２２′を使用し、電熱板２０と支
持金物２１，２１′との間に数cmないし10数cmの
間隙ｂを設ける。
Figures 3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views for explaining the embodiment of the present invention, and the temperature in winter is -20℃.
It is used in the following areas, where the horizontal width of the metal plate is a = 1.0 to 1.2 m, and the power per 1 m 2 of the metal plate is:
It is 350W. The heat generating tubes 11, 11'... and the waterproof metal plate 19 are hereinafter referred to as an electric heating plate 20. This electric heating plate 20 is a metal support 2 of a panel provided on the ceiling 2 of the tunnel 3 in FIG.
1, 21', and the unit lengths are arranged as degrees of width a. At this time, in order to minimize heat loss due to heat conduction from the electric heating plate 20, both ends of the electric heating plate 20 and supporting hardware 21, 21' are connected in the tunnel length direction of the electric heating plate 20 as shown in FIG. For example, a steel strip or supporting flat steel 22, 22' is used for each unit of the electric heating plate 20, and a gap b of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters is provided between the electric heating plate 20 and the supporting hardware 21, 21'.
なお、支持平鋼２２，２２′には、支持金物２
１，２１′との間に水切２３をつけて、融解水が
支持金物２１，２１′に移行して再凍結すること
を防止することも可能である。 In addition, the supporting metal fittings 2 are attached to the supporting flat bars 22, 22'.
It is also possible to install a drain 23 between the supports 21 and 21' to prevent melted water from migrating to the supports 21 and 21' and refreezing.
発熱管１１，１１′…等は、第３，４図に見ら
れるように、防水金属板１９の下面に取付けられ
るが、これは、金属板１９の上面の流れをよくし
て該金属板の腐蝕を出来るだけ少なくするためで
ある。 The heat generating tubes 11, 11', etc. are attached to the lower surface of the waterproof metal plate 19, as shown in FIGS. This is to minimize corrosion as much as possible.
防水金属板１９は、図示の如くトロリー線１上
に山形に傾斜して形成されるが、これは、該金属
板上の水滴の流れをよくして金属板の腐蝕を出来
るだけ少なくするため、および該金属板とトロリ
ー線１との絶縁間隔を出来るだけ大きくするため
である。 The waterproof metal plate 19 is formed on the trolley wire 1 so as to be inclined in a mountain shape as shown in the figure, and this is done in order to improve the flow of water droplets on the metal plate and minimize corrosion of the metal plate. This is also to make the insulation interval between the metal plate and the trolley wire 1 as large as possible.
本発明の凍結防止装置は、その防蝕を確実にす
るために、発熱鋼管等は亜鉛渡金されたり、防水
金属板１９としてはステンレスクラツド板も利用
される。 In the anti-freezing device of the present invention, in order to ensure its corrosion resistance, the heat-generating steel pipes and the like are coated with zinc, and the waterproof metal plate 19 is made of a stainless steel plate.
トンネル内のつらら防止のために必要個数だけ
設備された本発明に係る電熱板２０は、その発熱
鋼管１１，１１′…等に通された絶縁電線１２に
対し、第１図に示された制御盤９より給電するこ
とによつて発熱し、つららの発生を防止し、およ
び発生したつららを溶解除去する。制御盤９に
は、トンネル内気温測定のための温度計を持ち、
つららの発生を検知することにより、本発明の装
置は自動運転されることができる。以上のように
して、電車トンネル内天井部のつららの発生は完
全に防止され、本発明前のつららの発生に係る諸
問題を解決できた。
The electric heating plates 20 according to the present invention, which are installed in the necessary number to prevent icicles in the tunnel, control the insulated wires 12 passed through the heat-generating steel pipes 11, 11', etc. as shown in FIG. Electricity is supplied from the panel 9 to generate heat, prevent the formation of icicles, and melt and remove the generated icicles. The control panel 9 has a thermometer for measuring the temperature inside the tunnel,
By detecting the occurrence of icicles, the device of the invention can be operated automatically. As described above, the generation of icicles on the ceiling inside the train tunnel was completely prevented, and the various problems related to the generation of icicles before the present invention were solved.
第１〜７図は、本発明のつらら凍結防止装置の
説明図である。これらの図において、第１図は、
単線トンネルの断面図、第２図は第１図のトンネ
ルの部分的透視姿図、第３，４図は取付説明図、
第５，６，７図は本発明に使用する表皮電流発熱
管の説明のための原理図である。
これらの図において、１……トロリー線、２…
…トンネル天井、３……つらら、４……電車レー
ル、５……パンタグラフ、６……トロリー線支持
アーム、７……絶縁碍子、８……パンタグラフ絶
縁碍子、９……制御盤、１０……電車、１１，１
１′……発熱鋼管、１２……絶縁電線、１３……
交流電源、１４，１４′，１４″……接続電線、１
５……端子、１６……端子、１７，１８……接続
片、１９……防水金属板、２０……電熱板、２
１，２１′……支持金物、２２，２２′……電熱板
固定のための支持平鋼、２３，２３′……水切り。
1 to 7 are explanatory diagrams of the icicle antifreeze device of the present invention. In these figures, Figure 1 is
A cross-sectional view of a single-track tunnel, Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of the tunnel in Figure 1, Figures 3 and 4 are installation illustrations,
5, 6, and 7 are principle diagrams for explaining the skin current heating tube used in the present invention. In these figures, 1...trolley wire, 2...
... Tunnel ceiling, 3 ... Icicles, 4 ... Train rail, 5 ... Pantograph, 6 ... Trolley wire support arm, 7 ... Insulator, 8 ... Pantograph insulator, 9 ... Control panel, 10 ... train, 11,1
1'...Heating steel pipe, 12...Insulated wire, 13...
AC power supply, 14, 14', 14''...Connection wire, 1
5... Terminal, 16... Terminal, 17, 18... Connection piece, 19... Waterproof metal plate, 20... Electric heating plate, 2
1, 21'...Support hardware, 22, 22'...Support flat steel for fixing the electric heating plate, 23, 23'...Drainer.
Claims (1)
あつて、かつ、出来る限り、該トロリー線との垂
直間隔を保持して水平幅ａなる山型電熱板の単位
を該トンネルの流さ方向に、必要個数だけ連設
し、該トンネル内を走行する電車のパンタグラフ
の水平幅をＷとしたとき、 前記ａが ａ＝（0.5〜1.5）×Ｗ なる範囲にある如くしたことを特徴とする電車ト
ンネル内のつらら凍結防止装置。 ２ 山型電熱板２０の単位が、該板を構成する防
水金属板１９の下面に複数本平行に並べられ装着
された表皮電流発熱管１１，１１′を保有する特
許請求の範囲第１項に記載の装置。 ３ 山形電熱板２０と支持金物２１，２１′との
間に間隙ｂを設けた特許請求の範囲第２項に記載
の装置。 ４ 山形電熱板２０を支持金物２１，２１′と連
結する支持平鋼２２，２２′が、間隙ｂ部分を横
切る位置に水切り２３，２３′を設けた特許請求
の範囲第３項に記載の装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A unit of a chevron-shaped electric heating plate having a horizontal width a between the lower surface of the ceiling and the trolley wire in a train tunnel, and maintaining a vertical distance from the trolley wire as much as possible, is installed in the tunnel. The necessary number of pantographs are installed in series in the flow direction of the tunnel, and when the horizontal width of the pantograph of a train running in the tunnel is W, the above a is in the range of a = (0.5 to 1.5) x W. Features an icicle antifreeze device in train tunnels. 2. According to claim 1, each unit of the mountain-shaped electric heating plate 20 has a plurality of skin current heating tubes 11, 11' arranged in parallel and mounted on the lower surface of the waterproof metal plate 19 constituting the plate. The device described. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein a gap b is provided between the chevron-shaped electric heating plate 20 and the supporting hardware 21, 21'. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the supporting flat bars 22, 22' that connect the chevron-shaped electric heating plate 20 with the supporting hardware 21, 21' are provided with drains 23, 23' at positions across the gap b. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1952086A JPS62178700A (en) | 1986-01-31 | 1986-01-31 | Icicle freezing preventive device in electric car tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1952086A JPS62178700A (en) | 1986-01-31 | 1986-01-31 | Icicle freezing preventive device in electric car tunnel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62178700A JPS62178700A (en) | 1987-08-05 |
| JPH051880B2 true JPH051880B2 (en) | 1993-01-11 |
Family
ID=12001618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1952086A Granted JPS62178700A (en) | 1986-01-31 | 1986-01-31 | Icicle freezing preventive device in electric car tunnel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62178700A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6349183B2 (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2018-06-27 | 東急建設株式会社 | Anti-freezing structure and anti-freezing sheet |
-
1986
- 1986-01-31 JP JP1952086A patent/JPS62178700A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62178700A (en) | 1987-08-05 |
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