JPS62149794A - Lubricating oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a lubricating oil which is excellent in hydrophilicity and lubricity and exhibits excellent working characteristics when used as a metal working oil, which comprises a compd. prepd. by introducing a hydroxyl group into the double bond portion of a polymerized vegetable and animal fats and oils having an unsatd. double bond. CONSTITUTION:A lubricating oil comprising a compd. having a hydroxyl group introduced into the double bond portion of a polymerized vegetable and animal fats and oils having an unsatd. double bond. The polymerized vegetable and animal fats and oils are polymerized oil having an unsatd. double bond. Although the fats and oils may be used after it is hydrogenated at 160-200 deg.C under a pressure of 1.0-4.0kg/cm<2> in the presence of a nickel-base catalyst, it is preferred that the fats and oils have an iodine value of 60 or more. The hydroxyl group of the compound having a hydroxyl group may be reacted with an alkylene oxide to introduce a polyoxyalkylene ether, thereby enhancing the hydrophilicity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a lubricating oil used as a metal working oil during metal working such as rolling, drawing, wire drawing, cutting, grinding, and pressing.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally used as metal processing oils such as rolling oil, drawing oil, wire drawing oil, cutting oil, grinding oil, and press oil, oiliness improvers, extreme pressure additives, and rust preventive agents are added to animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc., or mixtures thereof as necessary. It is used as it is or as an emulsion of about 1 to 30% to which additives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, etc. are added, and as this type of metal working oil, for example, copper layer cold rolling containing modified oils and fats heat-treated with activated clay. Oil (Tokuko Showa 5)
No. 1-6686), a water-soluble cutting oil composition containing a salt of a polyhydroxy fatty acid obtained by hydrating an epoxidized fatty acid in which oxirane oxygen is bonded to the double bond portion of an unsaturated fatty acid (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 1-6686) -88096) etc. are known.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, the cold rolling oil mainly composed of modified oil and fat described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-6686 has excellent lubricity.
Furthermore, although the hydrophilicity of modified oils and fats has been improved compared to oils and fats, it is still not sufficient, and when used as an emulsion, there are problems such as difficulty in emulsification, low emulsion stability, and easy separation. Ta. On the other hand, JP-A-60-8809
Although the polyhydroxy fatty acid salt used as the base oil in the cutting oil composition described in No. 6 has excellent water solubility, there is a problem in that the lubricity is not necessarily sufficient. Furthermore, in recent years, processing machines have become larger and more precise, the hardness of metal materials has increased, metal processing has become faster and more pressurized, the precision of product processing surfaces has increased, and the amount of metal processing oil used has been reduced to improve economic efficiency. Increasingly harsh working conditions are being required, but conventional metal working oils cannot cope with such harsh conditions, and there has been a desire to develop metal working oils with higher performance.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a lubricating oil that has excellent hydrophilicity and lubricity, and exhibits excellent workability when used as a metal working oil as it is or mixed with other additives. The purpose is to

The first lubricating oil in the present invention is a compound having a hydroxyl group introduced into the double bond portion of a polymerized animal or vegetable oil or fat having an unsaturated double bond.

The polymerized animal and vegetable oils and fats mentioned above are polymerized oils having unsaturated double bonds, which are obtained by polymerizing fats and oils having unsaturated double bonds.

Examples of fats and oils having unsaturated double bonds include animal fats and fats, vegetable oils, etc. Examples of animal fats include beef tallow, pork fat, etc., sardine oil, mackerel oil, saury oil, cod oil, tuna oil, squid oil, etc. Fish oil is used. Further, as the vegetable oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, castor oil, etc. are used. These oils and fats use a nickel-based catalyst, and the pressure is 1.0 to 4.0.
kg/crA and hydrogenated at a temperature of about 160 to 200° C., but it is preferable to use one with an iodine value of 60 or more. It is also possible to use dehydrated castor oil, which is obtained by dehydrating castor oil to increase the number of unsaturated double bonds. The above-mentioned fats and oils may be crude oils obtained by extracting oil from animals and plants (pre-refined oils with increased triglyceride content by treating crude oils with phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. to remove wax, etc.)
Furthermore, purified oil that has been treated with an aqueous alkaline solution, activated clay, activated carbon, etc. to be deoxidized and decolorized may also be used. Methods for polymerizing animal and vegetable oils include oxidative polymerization, thermal polymerization, etc.
In the oxidative polymerization method, 150 ~
Polymerization can be carried out by heating to 200°C and reacting for 1 to 30 hours, and in the thermal polymerization method, polymerization can be carried out by heating to 250 to 300°C and reacting for about 1 to 30 hours.

The thus obtained polymerized animal and vegetable oils and fats containing unsaturated double bonds preferably have an iodine value of 40 or more and a viscosity at 40° C. of 100 to 2000 centistokes.

The method for introducing a hydroxyl group into the double bond portion of the polymerized animal or vegetable oil is to react the polymerized animal or vegetable oil with a peroxide such as peracetic acid or hydrogen peroxide to epoxidize the double bond portion, and then the epoxy group is An example of this method is to use hydroxyl as a hydroxyl group.

The above peroxide is added in a pure amount of about 0.5 to 10 wt% to polymerized animal and vegetable fats and oils having unsaturated double bonds, and heated at 60 to 80°C for 2 hours using formic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. as a catalyst. An epoxy group can be introduced into the double bond portion of the polymerized animal or vegetable oil or fat by a certain degree of reaction. After the reaction is complete,
The first lubricating oil of the present invention is obtained by dehydration at about 100 to 120°C. The epoxy group is an unstable group, and the epoxy group in the reaction product obtained by epoxidation is almost completely converted into a hydroxyl group during purification steps such as water generated by the reaction and washing with water. Not all of the epoxy groups may be hydroxyl groups, and some epoxy groups may remain as long as they do not interfere.

The second lubricating oil of the present invention is obtained by introducing a hydroxyl group into the double bond part of a polymerized animal or vegetable oil having an unsaturated double bond, and by introducing an alkylene oxide into the hydroxyl group of the hydroxylated polymerized animal or vegetable oil (the above-mentioned first lubricating oil). It is a compound having a polyoxyalkylene ether group introduced by reaction. Examples of alkylene oxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc.
Only seeds may be added, or two or more types may be added randomly or in blocks. The alkylene oxide is preferably added in an amount of 1 to 10 wt% based on the polymerized animal or vegetable oil. The hydroxyl group to which alkylene oxide is added is usually a hydroxyl group introduced into the double bond portion of polymerized animal and vegetable oils having unsaturated double bonds, but raw material oils and fats for polymerized animal and vegetable oils, such as castor oil, have hydroxyl groups. When it is an oil or fat, an alkylene oxide may be added to the hydroxyl group to introduce a polyoxyalkylene ether group.

The first lubricating oil also has excellent hydrophilicity due to having a hydroxyl group, but the hydrophilicity can be further improved by adding alkylene oxide to form a polyoxyalkylene ether group.

Both the first lubricating oil and the second lubricating oil preferably have a viscosity of 80 to 3,000 centistokes at 40°C, but the viscosity is preferably 80 to 2,000 centistokes during the manufacturing process.
A viscosity of 400 to 3,000 centistokes is preferable from the viewpoint of lubricating performance, and a viscosity of 100 to 2,000 centistokes is preferable from the viewpoint of both handling during the manufacturing process and lubricity.

The lubricating oil of the present invention can be used as it is or, if necessary, mixed with animal and vegetable oils, fatty acid esters, mineral oil, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, surfactants, rust preventives, antifoaming agents, etc. to produce rolling oil, drawing oil, etc. Used in metal processing oils such as wire drawing oil, cutting oil, and press oil. The lubricating oil of the present invention has excellent hydrophilicity, can be easily made into an emulsion without an emulsifier, or by using a very small amount of a conventional emulsifier, and emulsions can be easily prepared and have excellent emulsion stability.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. In addition, the raw material fats and oils used in Examples and Comparative Examples were all crude oils except where specified.

Examples 1 to 7 1,800 g of the oils and fats shown in Table 1 were placed in a No. 31 four-way flask equipped with a stirrer, a cooler, and a thermometer, and heated and stirred at 180°C for 2 hours while blowing air to produce the polymerized oils shown in the table. I got it. It was then cooled to 80°C and 3
1% of the total amount of 5% hydrogen peroxide solution and formic acid as a catalyst
The mixture was heated and stirred at 80°C for 2 hours, and after the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed twice with water and dehydrated at 120°C. The resulting compound was used as a lubricating oil.

In Examples 5 to 7, potassium hydroxide was further used as a catalyst, and the alkylene oxides shown in Table 1 were added to prepare lubricating oils. The properties of these lubricating oils are shown in Table 2.

Examples 8 to 14 Into the same flask as in Examples 1 to 7, oil 1 shown in Table 1 was added.
800 g was charged and heated and stirred at 300° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to obtain the polymerized oil shown in Table 1. Next, in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 7, a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution was reacted in the amount shown in Table 1. After the reaction was completed, the resulting compound was washed with water and dehydrated, and the resulting compound was used as a lubricating oil. In Examples 12 to 14, potassium hydroxide was further used as a catalyst, and the alkylene oxides shown in Table 1 were added to obtain lubricating oils.

The properties of these lubricating oils are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 1 A polymerized fish oil obtained by polymerizing the fish oils shown in Table 1 in the same manner as in Examples was used as a lubricating oil. This lubricating oil (polymerized fish oil)
The properties are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 2 1800 g of fish oil shown in Table 1, 90 g of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution
g, 18 g of formic acid was placed in the same flask as in Example,
Hydroxylated fish oil obtained by heating and stirring at 0 to 90°C for 2 hours was used as a lubricating oil. The properties of the obtained lubricating oil (hydroxylated fish oil) are shown in Table 2.

Examples 15-19, Comparative Examples 3-4 A 15% emulsion of machining oil shown in Table 3 was stirred in a homomixer (8000 rpm), maintained at 80°C and circulated by a gear pump, and poured into a nozzle (1/4
KSAOO480) rolled steel plate (SPC-C-3B,
The amount of oil attached to the surface (IX50X150mm) is approximately 1.5g/m
After spraying, rolling was performed under the following conditions. Two lines with an interval of 50n+ are drawn on the steel plate before rolling, and after rolling, the rolling load when the interval between the two cotton sheets becomes 167 mm (rolling reduction rate 70%) is measured using a load cell. Performance was compared. The results are shown in Table 3.

Rolling test conditions Rolling machine Two-four-high roll type rolling mill Work roll: Diameter 150 mm x Width 140 m Hack-up roll: Diameter 250 mm x Width 140 mm + U Roll Material Nichrome steel Roll Peripheral speed: 30 m /min.

Rolling material: 5PC-CSB 1 wisX 5 0mmx l 5
Qmm Examples 20 to 24, Comparative Examples 5 to 6 Using the machining oil with the formulation shown in Table 4 as the cutting oil, the cutting resistance value was measured when cutting was performed under the following conditions.

Furthermore, the roughness of the cut surface in the cutting direction was measured using a stylus type roughness measuring machine. The results are also shown in Table 4.

Cutting test conditions Cutting machine: 3 ton vertical internal drawing broach machine Cutting tool:
Maximum depth of cut per tooth: 0.05 fins, width: 7 teeth, blade spacing: 8 dragons, abrasion quality: 5K 855 key proche tool Work material: S-45G Cutting speed: 2 m/min.

Examples 25 to 28, Comparative Example 7 Processing oil with the composition shown in Table 5 was applied to both sides of an aluminum plate.
A deep drawing test was conducted on an aluminum plate under the following conditions, and the drawing load during drawing at various drawing ratios was measured. 5th result
Shown in the table.

Deep drawing test conditions Test machine: High speed deep drawing test machine (manufactured by Tokyo Test Instruments Co., Ltd.)
Punch diameter 32mm, die diameter 35mm, processing speed 1m/s
ec.

Processing material: Aluminum disk with a thickness of 1 mm (JISAl
loo, 0>, for each sample oil, we processed six disks whose diameter increased by 0.8 w from diameter 6'1.4 ml to diameter 66.4 mm, and the drawing ratio was 1.9.
5 to 2.075.

Table 2 Table 3 *1 40℃ measured by Cannon Fenske viscometer
Viscosity at *2 Ratio of the weight of alkylene oxide added to the weight of the raw material *3 The odor immediately after production and after being left at room temperature for 30 days was judged according to the following criteria.

No animal or plant odor, no fish odor...O Animal and plant utensils, fishy odor...△ Severe animal or plant odor, fish odor, etc....X *4 30 parts by weight of the sample is mixed with 60 parts by weight and 70 parts by weight of spindle oil After the mixture was left at 0° C. for 7 days, the state of separation was observed and judged according to the following criteria.

No separation・・・・・・・・・○ Slight separation or slight precipitation at the bottom・・・△ Separation into two layers・・・・・・・・・× ※5 Shell type high speed four-ball friction Using a testing machine, the test steel ball was 172 inches, the measurement temperature was 50℃, and the chamber shaft rotation speed was 60Orp.
It was measured under the conditions of m.

*6 Polyoxyalkylene nonyl phenyl ether type nonionic surfactant *7 Emulsifier and rust preventive agent [Effects of the invention] As explained above, the first lubricating oil of the present invention is a polymerized animal or vegetable oil having an unsaturated double bond. Because of its structure in which a hydroxyl group is introduced into the double bond of the oil, it has excellent lubricity, hydrophilicity, and stability, and even when crude oil such as fish oil is used as a raw material, there is almost no odor, making it an inexpensive crude oil. The lubricating oil can be produced at low cost. Furthermore, since the second lubricating oil of the present invention has a structure in which alkylene oxide is added to the first hydroxyl group to introduce a polyoxyalkylene ether group, it has the excellent performance of the first lubricating oil, and furthermore, It has excellent hydrophilicity.

The lubricating oil of the present invention can be used as a metalworking oil such as rolling oil, drawing oil, wire drawing oil, cutting oil, grinding oil, press oil, etc. as it is or mixed with animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils and fats, and other additives. Metalworking oil using the lubricating oil of the invention has various effects such as excellent workability.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A lubricating oil characterized by having a hydroxyl group introduced into the double bond portion of a polymerized animal or vegetable oil or fat having an unsaturated double bond. (2) The lubricating oil according to claim 1, which has a viscosity of 80 to 3000 centistokes at 40°C. (3) Having a polyoxyalkylene ether group introduced by reacting an alkylene oxide with the hydroxyl group of the hydroxylated polymerized animal and vegetable oil, which is obtained by introducing a hydroxyl group into the double bond portion of the polymerized animal and vegetable oil having unsaturated double bonds. A lubricating oil featuring: (4) The lubricating oil according to claim 3, which has a viscosity of 80 to 3000 centistokes at 40°C.