JPS62136774A - Heat insulating method for fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Heat insulating method for fuel cell stackInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62136774A JPS62136774A JP60277452A JP27745285A JPS62136774A JP S62136774 A JPS62136774 A JP S62136774A JP 60277452 A JP60277452 A JP 60277452A JP 27745285 A JP27745285 A JP 27745285A JP S62136774 A JPS62136774 A JP S62136774A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- heat
- cell stack
- stack
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の属する技術分野〕
この発明はりん酸型燃料電池の運転休止中に温度低下に
伴い生じ易いりん酸の凍結を防止するための保温方法に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field to which the Invention Pertains] The present invention relates to a heat retention method for preventing phosphoric acid from freezing, which tends to occur as the temperature decreases during suspension of operation of a phosphoric acid fuel cell.
この種のりん酸型燃料電池の縦断面図を第1図に示し、
これを説明する。1は断熱材でできた密封容器で、この
容器1の中に燃料電池スタック2が収納される。この燃
料電池スタック2には燃料入口管3a 、燃料出口管3
b 、空気入口管4a 、空気出口管4b 、熱媒入口
管5aおよび熱媒出口−g 5bが取付けてあって容器
壁面を貫通して外部に突出している。6は後述する保温
のために燃料電池スタ・ツク2に設けられた熱源として
の電気ヒーターである。この燃料電池スタック2を運転
するには熱媒入口管5aより加熱流体を流入してスタッ
ク2に熱を供給し、熱媒出口管5bより排出してスタッ
ク2が運転温度に達するまで加熱を続ける。その後燃料
入口管3aよりメタールを水蒸気改質した水素を含む燃
料をスタック2に供給し、さらに空気入口管4aより空
気をスタック21こ供給してスタック1を運転させ発電
する。発電に使われなかった過剰の燃料と空気および発
電により生成した水蒸気は燃料出口管3bおよび空気出
口管4aより排出される。発電状態にある燃料電池スタ
ック2は発熱するので、りん酸型燃料電池においては、
運転中の温度を約200°Cに維持するため冷媒となる
流体を熱媒入口管5aより導入してスタック2を冷却し
、加熱された冷媒を熱媒出口管5bより排出される。A longitudinal cross-sectional view of this type of phosphoric acid fuel cell is shown in Figure 1.
Let me explain this. 1 is a sealed container made of a heat insulating material, and a fuel cell stack 2 is housed in this container 1. This fuel cell stack 2 includes a fuel inlet pipe 3a and a fuel outlet pipe 3.
b, an air inlet pipe 4a, an air outlet pipe 4b, a heat medium inlet pipe 5a, and a heat medium outlet -g5b are attached and protrude to the outside through the container wall surface. Reference numeral 6 designates an electric heater as a heat source provided in the fuel cell stack 2 for heat retention, which will be described later. To operate this fuel cell stack 2, heating fluid flows in through the heat medium inlet pipe 5a to supply heat to the stack 2, and is discharged through the heat medium outlet pipe 5b to continue heating until the stack 2 reaches the operating temperature. . Thereafter, fuel containing hydrogen obtained by steam reforming metal is supplied to the stack 2 from the fuel inlet pipe 3a, and air is further supplied to the stack 21 from the air inlet pipe 4a to operate the stack 1 and generate electricity. Excess fuel and air not used for power generation and water vapor generated by power generation are discharged from the fuel outlet pipe 3b and the air outlet pipe 4a. Since the fuel cell stack 2 in the power generation state generates heat, in the phosphoric acid fuel cell,
In order to maintain the temperature during operation at about 200° C., a fluid serving as a refrigerant is introduced through a heating medium inlet pipe 5a to cool the stack 2, and the heated refrigerant is discharged through a heating medium outlet pipe 5b.
一般にこの熱媒は燃料電池起動時には加熱用として運転
時には冷却用として使用され空気、水、オイルなどが用
いられる。この燃料電池スタック2は起動時間を早め、
かつ運転休止時の保温のため断熱性の材料でできた密封
容器1に収容される。Generally, this heating medium is used for heating when starting up the fuel cell and for cooling during operation, and air, water, oil, etc. are used. This fuel cell stack 2 has a faster start-up time,
It is housed in a sealed container 1 made of a heat insulating material to keep it warm during suspension of operation.
このようなりん酸型燃料電池は、運転休止中の温度が室
温以下に下がると電池の電解液であるりん酸が凍結し、
その温度が30 ’c以下になると燃料電池の特性が低
下するおそれがある。%番こ電池の運転、休止を頻繁に
繰返すと特性低下が著しくなるので休止中の電池温度を
下げないように電池を加熱しておく必要があり、従来は
第3図に示すように電気ヒータ6をスタック2に増付け
て加熱する方法がとられた。しかしながらこの方法では
加熱用の別電源がない場所では燃料電池を休止させられ
ないという問題があり、かつ燃料電池を全く独立電源と
して利用できないという欠点があった。In such a phosphoric acid fuel cell, when the temperature drops below room temperature during suspension of operation, the phosphoric acid, which is the electrolyte in the cell, freezes.
If the temperature falls below 30'C, the characteristics of the fuel cell may deteriorate. Frequently repeating operation and rest of a battery will cause a significant deterioration in its characteristics, so it is necessary to heat the battery to prevent the temperature of the battery from dropping during rest. 6 was added to stack 2 and heated. However, this method has the problem that the fuel cell cannot be stopped in a place where there is no separate power source for heating, and the fuel cell cannot be used as an independent power source at all.
この発明は上述した事情に鑑み、りん酸型燃料電池の運
転休止中に電池温度をりん酸の凍結温度以上に維持する
について別電源を必要としない熱源による保温方法を提
供することを目的とする。In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a heat retention method using a heat source that does not require a separate power source to maintain the cell temperature above the freezing temperature of phosphoric acid during suspension of operation of a phosphoric acid fuel cell. .
この発明では上記目的達成のため保温用熱源として燃料
電池で使用される燃料であるメタノール。In order to achieve the above object, this invention uses methanol, which is a fuel used in fuel cells as a heat source for heat retention.
天然ガスなどの燃料を接触燃堺反応させ、生じた熱を密
封容器内の空間に収納された伝熱体を通じて燃料電池ス
タックに伝熱しスタックの温度を加熱保温するものであ
る。A fuel cell such as natural gas undergoes a catalytic combustion reaction, and the generated heat is transferred to the fuel cell stack through a heat transfer body housed in a space inside a sealed container, thereby heating and maintaining the temperature of the stack.
第1図はこの発明の実施例を示すもので、第3図の場合
と同じ部分には同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。この
燃料電池の保温装置として密封容器の中Cと一方側に複
数枚の放熱フィン7を備え他方側には放熱フィンを有し
ない伝熱体8の放熱フィン側を収容し、この伝熱体8の
他方側を容器壁面を貫通させて外部に突出させる。伝熱
体8はアルミニウム、銅などの熱伝導の良い材料で棒状
あるいは平板状に形成されたもので、密封容器より突出
した部分はアルミナ粒に白金触媒を担持させた触Wバー
ナ9に地込む。この触媒バーナ9にはメタノールタンク
10よりバルブ11を介してメタノールが供給される。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals and their explanation will be omitted. As a heat insulating device for this fuel cell, a plurality of heat dissipating fins 7 are provided in the inside C and one side of the sealed container, and the heat dissipating fin side of a heat transfer body 8 having no heat dissipating fins is housed on the other side. The other side of the container is made to penetrate the wall surface of the container and protrude to the outside. The heat transfer body 8 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity, such as aluminum or copper, and is formed into a rod or flat plate shape, and the part that protrudes from the sealed container is inserted into the contact W burner 9, which is made of alumina grains supporting a platinum catalyst. . Methanol is supplied to the catalytic burner 9 from a methanol tank 10 via a valve 11.
燃料電池スタック2内には流体の熱膨張を利用した温度
センサ12が取付けられ、スタック1の温度が40′0
以下になると連通管13を通じてバルブヘッドllaの
図示しない弁おし棒を作動させバルブ11を開きかつ温
室が45°0以上になるとバルブ11を閉じるようにし
ておく。燃料電池スタック2が運転休止中に温度が40
゛C以下になると触媒バーナ9にメタノールが供給され
、触媒作用で燃焼し、その熱が伝熱体8→放熱フイン7
に伝わり密封容器1内の空間にある空気を対流加熱する
ことによってスタック2を加熱し、りん酸の凍結による
スタック2の特性劣化を防止する。またスタック2の温
度が加熱lこより45゛C以上になると触媒バーナ9へ
のメタノール供給が停止され加熱は自動停止される。A temperature sensor 12 that utilizes thermal expansion of fluid is installed inside the fuel cell stack 2, and the temperature of the stack 1 is 40'0.
When the temperature reaches 45° or more, the valve stem (not shown) of the valve head lla is operated through the communication pipe 13 to open the valve 11, and when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 45° or higher, the valve 11 is closed. While the fuel cell stack 2 is out of operation, the temperature is 40℃.
When the temperature drops below ゛C, methanol is supplied to the catalytic burner 9 and burned by the catalytic action, and the heat is transferred from the heat transfer body 8 to the heat dissipation fin 7.
The stack 2 is heated by convection heating the air in the space inside the sealed container 1, thereby preventing deterioration of the characteristics of the stack 2 due to freezing of the phosphoric acid. Further, when the temperature of the stack 2 becomes 45°C or more from heating, the supply of methanol to the catalytic burner 9 is stopped and the heating is automatically stopped.
第2図は第1図における放熱フィン7を有する伝熱体8
の変形例で伝熱$18の先端に伝熱板17を増付けたも
ので、この伝熱板17をスタック2の壁面または内部に
堰付けて直接加熱するものである。FIG. 2 shows a heat transfer body 8 having radiation fins 7 in FIG. 1.
This is a modified example in which a heat transfer plate 17 is added to the tip of the heat transfer plate 18, and this heat transfer plate 17 is attached to the wall surface or inside of the stack 2 to directly heat it.
この加熱方法によると伝熱板17は触媒バーナ9に近い
部分が温度高くなり離れた部分とでは温度差が生ずるの
で伝熱方法をヒートパイプ式にしてその温度差をなくす
ことができる。According to this heating method, the temperature of the heat transfer plate 17 becomes higher in the portion close to the catalytic burner 9, and a temperature difference occurs between the portions farther away. Therefore, the heat pipe type heat transfer method can eliminate this temperature difference.
なお本実施例では燃料としてメタノールを使用した方法
を例示したが、この燃料;オ低温で触媒燃焼できるもの
であれば何れでもよく、たとえば水素、エタノール、天
然ガスなどでもよい。In this embodiment, a method using methanol as the fuel was exemplified, but the fuel may be any fuel that can be catalytically combusted at low temperatures, such as hydrogen, ethanol, natural gas, etc.
保温用の熱源として触媒燃焼方式を採用し、慾焼熱を直
接伝熱体に伝えてスタックを加熱する方法としたため、
加熱のための熱効率がよいばかりでなく燃焼湿度が低い
ので、俳気による熱損失が少くなる面からも熱効率はざ
らに向上する。また燃焼偏度が低いので火災発生の危険
性がなく保安の面でも優れている。A catalytic combustion method was adopted as the heat source for heat retention, and the method was used to heat the stack by directly transmitting the firing heat to the heat transfer body.
Not only is the thermal efficiency for heating good, but the combustion humidity is low, so the thermal efficiency is greatly improved in terms of less heat loss due to haiku air. Furthermore, since the degree of combustion is low, there is no risk of fire outbreak, and it is also excellent in terms of safety.
第1図はこの発明の実施例を示す燃料1!池の縦断面図
、第2図は第1図における放熱フィンを有する伝熱体の
変形例を示す側面図、第3図は従来例を示す燃料電池の
縦断面図である。
1:密封容器、2:燃料電池スタック、7:放第1図
第2図
第3図FIG. 1 shows a fuel 1! example of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a modification of the heat transfer body having radiation fins in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional fuel cell. 1: Sealed container, 2: Fuel cell stack, 7: Release Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Claims (1)
ん酸型燃料電池において;一方側に複数枚の放熱フィン
を備え他方側には放熱フィンを有しない伝熱体の一方側
を前記密封容器内の空間に収容し、かつ他方側を容器壁
面を貫通させて外部に突出させるとともに、この突出し
た伝熱体に触媒バーナを直接接触させ、該触媒バーナに
燃料電池用改質前の燃料を供給して接触燃焼させること
により熱を伝熱体に導き、伝熱体の放熱フィンを介して
密封容器内の空間を加熱して燃料電池スタックを所定の
温度範囲に維持することを特徴とする燃料電池スタック
の保温方法。 2)特許請求の範囲第1項記載の保温方法において;触
媒バーナへの燃料供給は、燃料電池スタックの温度を捕
えて、この信号により自動制御することを特徴とする燃
料電池スタックの保温方法。 3)特許請求の範囲第2項記載の保温方法において;燃
料電池スタックの温度を捕捉する手段として液体の熱膨
張を利用した温度センサを用い、その液体の膨張変化を
利用して触媒バーナへの燃料供給用バルブの開閉操作を
自動制御することを特徴とする燃料電池スタックの保温
方法。[Scope of Claims] 1) In a phosphoric acid fuel cell in which a fuel cell stack is housed in a heat-insulating sealed container; One side is accommodated in the space inside the sealed container, and the other side is made to penetrate the container wall surface and protrude to the outside, and a catalytic burner is brought into direct contact with this protruding heat transfer body. By supplying pre-reformed fuel and causing catalytic combustion, heat is guided to the heat transfer body, which heats the space inside the sealed container via the heat radiation fins of the heat transfer body to maintain the fuel cell stack within a predetermined temperature range. A method for keeping a fuel cell stack warm, characterized by: 2) A method for keeping a fuel cell stack warm as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuel supply to the catalytic burner is automatically controlled by capturing the temperature of the fuel cell stack and using this signal. 3) In the heat retention method according to claim 2, a temperature sensor that utilizes thermal expansion of a liquid is used as a means for capturing the temperature of the fuel cell stack, and changes in the expansion of the liquid are used to control the temperature of the catalytic burner. A method for keeping a fuel cell stack warm, characterized by automatically controlling the opening and closing operations of a fuel supply valve.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60277452A JPS62136774A (en) | 1985-12-10 | 1985-12-10 | Heat insulating method for fuel cell stack |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60277452A JPS62136774A (en) | 1985-12-10 | 1985-12-10 | Heat insulating method for fuel cell stack |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS62136774A true JPS62136774A (en) | 1987-06-19 |
Family
ID=17583775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP60277452A Pending JPS62136774A (en) | 1985-12-10 | 1985-12-10 | Heat insulating method for fuel cell stack |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62136774A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63205058A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-08-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Fuel cell device |
WO2001086745A2 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for cold starting fuel cells of a fuel cell facility and corresponding fuel cell facility |
JP2003510786A (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2003-03-18 | バラード パワー システムズ インコーポレイティド | How to improve the cold start capability of electrochemical fuel cells |
WO2005055352A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-16 | Nec Corporation | Fuel cell |
EP1579519A2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2005-09-28 | UTC Fuel Cells, LLC | Method and apparatus for preventing water in fuel cell power plants from freezing during storage |
EP1926168A1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-05-28 | Gaz De France (Service National) | Energy production unit comprising a burner and a fuel cell |
JP2008147026A (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Solid oxide fuel cell |
-
1985
- 1985-12-10 JP JP60277452A patent/JPS62136774A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63205058A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-08-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Fuel cell device |
JP2003510786A (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2003-03-18 | バラード パワー システムズ インコーポレイティド | How to improve the cold start capability of electrochemical fuel cells |
WO2001086745A2 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for cold starting fuel cells of a fuel cell facility and corresponding fuel cell facility |
WO2001086745A3 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2003-02-13 | Siemens Ag | Method for cold starting fuel cells of a fuel cell facility and corresponding fuel cell facility |
EP1579519A4 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2008-05-14 | Utc Fuel Cells Llc | Method and apparatus for preventing water in fuel cell power plants from freezing during storage |
EP1579519A2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2005-09-28 | UTC Fuel Cells, LLC | Method and apparatus for preventing water in fuel cell power plants from freezing during storage |
WO2005055352A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-16 | Nec Corporation | Fuel cell |
JP4867347B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2012-02-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | Fuel cell |
EP1926168A1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-05-28 | Gaz De France (Service National) | Energy production unit comprising a burner and a fuel cell |
FR2909224A1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-05-30 | Gaz De France Sa | ENERGY PRODUCTION UNIT INCORPORATING A BURNER AND A FUEL CELL. |
JP2008130563A (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-06-05 | Gaz De France | Energy production unit with burner and fuel cell unified |
US8092948B2 (en) | 2006-11-24 | 2012-01-10 | Gaz De France | Energy production unit integrating a burner and a fuel cell |
JP2008147026A (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Solid oxide fuel cell |
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