JPS62132108A - Method and apparatus for measuring shape of three-dimensional article - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable more accurate measurement within a short time, by arranging a non- contact type detector outside an article to be measured at an appropriate height position. CONSTITUTION:A drawing picture 14 is fixed to a flat plate surface 13 and an article 11 to be measured is fixed to a fixing plate 21 and a tracer 19 is arranged on the picture 14 in a freely movable manner. After the detection end 16a of a detector 16 is regulated to the first contour line of the article 11 to be measured (next, successively regulated to contour lines on and after a second one), at each time when said detection end 16a is allowed to coincide with three or more of arbitrary places A, B, C... in the outside surface of the article 11 to be measured, reference lines (a), (b), (c)... are drawn on the picture 14 along the mark-to- mark scale of the mark-to-mark indication part 18 formed to the base stand 15 of the tracer 19. The appropriate intervals of the arbitrary places A, B, C... are determined with the complicatedness of the outside curve of the article 11 to be measured. hereinafter, operation is continued in the same way to draw the reference line corresponding to each contour line of the place to be measured of the article 11 to be measured. At last, at each time when the reference line 10a of a reproducing device 10 is allowed to coincide with each reference line, plotting is performed on the picture 14 by a plotter 10b to calculate plot points A', B', C'... and a shape at each contour line is drawn.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method and a measuring device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object to be measured.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5, a method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object to be measured involves measuring the gauge surfaces 2a of a plurality of plate gauges 2, 2, . . . created from a design drawing (not shown). , 2a...,
This was done by contacting a predetermined location on the outer surface 1a of the object to be measured 1 and measuring the gap size between each gauge surface 2a and the outer surface 1a of the object to be measured 1.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the conventional measuring method has the following drawbacks.

(a) Since it takes a lot of effort to create a plurality of plate gauges 2, 2, etc., a long time is required for measurement.

+1)l Each gauge surface 2a and the outer surface 1a of the object to be measured 1
Since only the gap size can be measured between the two, the shape of the object to be measured 1 cannot be measured accurately.

+cl It is impossible to measure the shape of an object to be measured which cannot be brought into contact with plate gauge 2.2.

The present invention was devised in view of the above circumstances.

[Means for solving the problem] Means for solving the problem will be explained below using FIGS. 1 to 4 corresponding to the embodiment.

As shown in the first prisoner, the method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to the invention of Water Bottle is a method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object to be measured 11, in which the object to be measured 11 is placed at a predetermined position,
1, a non-contact type detector 16 for detecting the outer surface 11a of the object to be measured 11 is arranged at an appropriate height position, and a drafting screen 14 perpendicular to the vertical axis 11 of the object to be measured 11 is connected. Detector 1
6 and the vertical axis center V of the object to be measured 11.
Intersection points A', B', C'... (see C1 in the same figure) with virtual axis V12 parallel to 11 (see +81 in the same figure)
The shape of the object to be measured 11 is obtained by determining the above at three or more arbitrary points A, B, C, . . . on the outer surface 11a of the object to be measured 11.

The shape measuring device for a three-dimensional object according to the second invention is a measuring device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object to be measured 11, as shown in the first prisoner. A measuring board 17 equipped with a drafting screen 14 orthogonal to the vertical axis V11, and measurement! A non-contact type detector 1 is placed at an appropriate height position on a base 15 that can be freely moved on the drawing screen 14 of 2117.
6, and a gauge distance indicator 1 at an appropriate location on the base 15.
8 and the sensing end 1 of the detector 16
6a projected onto the virtual extension plane of the sliding bottom surface 15a of the base 15 along the vertical axis V11 of the fixed platen 12 (see I in the same figure (B)) and the gauge point of the tresor 19. It is composed of a reproducer 10 that determines the relationship between the reference points IBa and 18a of the indicator 18.

As shown in FIG. 4, the shape measuring device for a three-dimensional object according to the third invention is a measuring device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object to be measured 41, in which a fixed platen 42 of the measured object 41 is connected to a fixed platen.
Measurement board 47 protrudes above the drafting screen 44 perpendicular to the vertical axis V41 of No. 2, and measurement! 1! 47 drawings Screen 4
Two floodlights 46b, 4 are placed at appropriate height positions on a flat plate surface 43 parallel to 4 and on a base 45 that can vibrate freely on the flat plate surface 43.
The detector 46 is provided with a detection end 46a that is the intersection of the light beams emitted from the light beams 6b, and the detection end 4fia of the detector 46 is provided.
A tracer 49 is provided with a plotting tool 48 whose tip is aligned with a virtual perpendicular line V42 extending from the drawing screen 44 to the drawing screen 44.

[Function] In the method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to the invention of Mizuo,
As shown in FIG. 1 (81), the intersection of the virtual axis V12 hanging from the detection end 16a of the detector 16 and the drawing screen 14 is
Since the detection end 16a of the detector 16 coincides with the point P obtained by projecting it onto the drawing plane 14, three or more arbitrary points on the outer surface 11a of the object to be measured 11 can be detected as shown in the holes in the figure. The same figure obtained by detecting A, B, C... with detector 1G (
Intersection A/ on the drawing screen 14 shown in C).

B', C', . . . are points obtained by projecting arbitrary locations A, B, C, . . . on the outer surface 11a of the object 11 onto the drawing screen 14.

In the shape measuring device of a three-dimensional object according to the second invention,
As shown in the first prisoner, three or more arbitrary points A, 8. Detector 1 on C...
6, and the gauge points 18a of the gauge point-to-gauge indicator 18 of the height tracer 19 on the drawing image 14.

On the reference lines a, b, c... drawn along between 18a,
As shown in FIG. C1, plot points A', B', C', etc. on the drawing screen 14 obtained by matching the reproducers 10 are shown.
. is a point where arbitrary points A, B, C, etc. are projected onto the drawing screen 14.

In the device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to the third invention,
As shown in FIG. 4, from the detection end 46a, which is the intersection of the light beams emitted from the two floodlights 46b, 46b constituting the detector 46, to the virtual extension plane of the i'1lJJ bottom surface 45a of the base 45 of the tresor 49. Since the plotting tool 48 is provided with its tip aligned with the hanging virtual perpendicular line V42, when the outer surface 41a of the object to be measured 41 is traced with the detection end 46a of the detector 46, the plotting tool 48 will appear on the drawing screen 44. The curve drawn in is a curve obtained by projecting the contour line of the object to be measured 41, which is the movement locus of the detection end 46a of the detector 46, onto the drawing screen 44.

[Description of Embodiments] (First Embodiment) FIG. 1~fcl shows a first embodiment of the present invention.

First, the measuring device will be explained. The measuring device consists of a measuring board 17, a tracer 19, and a reproducer 10. The measuring board 17 is
As shown in the hole in the figure, there is a fixed platen 12 for mounting and fixing the object to be measured 11, and a vertical axis V11 of the fixed platen 12 (the object to be measured 1
A flat plate surface 13 of a drawing board or the like that is perpendicular to the vertical axis of 1)
It consists of The measurement board 17 is a device on which the fixed board 12 is placed and fixed via a drafting screen 14 made of drafting paper or the like fixed on a flat plate surface 13, but is not limited to this in any way and is not shown in the figure. However, depending on the size and weight of the object to be measured, the fixed plate 12 and the flat plate surface 13 may be integrally configured to form the same plane.
2 and the flat plate surface 13 may be constructed separately. The tracer 19 consists of a base 15 that freely slides on the drawing screen 14 of the measuring board 17 and a detector 16 that is attached to the base 15 so that the height W1 can be freely adjusted. Gauge points 18a, 18a of the gauge distance indicating section 18 on the edge etc. l! There are a lot of tl. The detector 16 consists of two light projectors 16b, 16b, and detects the intersection point of light n (for example, laser beam, etc.) emitted from the two light projectors 16b, 16b at the detection end 16a.
That is.

As shown in Figure B), the reproducer 10 is made of a ten-11 note board made of paperboard or synthetic 11m board, and corresponds to the gauge-to-gauge scale of the gauge-to-gauge indicator 18 formed on the tracer 19. The reference portion 10a and the V-shaped cutout plot gI110b are formed as follows.

That is, when the reproducer 10 matches the reference part 10a with the gauge interval scale of the gauge interval indicator 18 of the tracer 19, the reproducing device 10 moves from the detection end 16a of the detector 16 of the tracer 19 to the moving bottom surface 15a of the base 15. Points P and O projected perpendicularly onto the virtual extension plane of
The cut portion 10b is made to coincide with the cut portion 10b.

Next, the measurement method will be explained. First, the drawing screen 14 made of drawing paper or the like is fixed on the flat plate surface 13, and the fixed platen 1 is
The object to be measured 11 is fixed on the top of the test piece 2. Next, the tracer 19 is movably placed on the drawing screen 14, and the detection end 16a of the detector 16 of the tracer 19 is connected to the first
After adjusting to the contour line position, the detection end 1 of the detector 16
6a to three or more arbitrary points A, B, C, etc. on the outer surface 11a of the object to be measured 11, the gauge mark formed on the base 15 of the tracer 19 is displayed on the drawing screen 14. Reference lines a, b, along the gauge scale of the distance indicator 18
Draw c... In addition, arbitrary locations A, B, C...
The interval is determined as appropriate depending on the complexity of the outer curve of the object to be measured 11. Subsequently, although not shown, after the sensing end 16a of the detector 16 of the tracer 19 is moved to the second contour line position of the object 11, the sensing end 16a of the detector 16 is moved again.
The base 15 is displayed on the drawing screen 14 each time the
A reference line is drawn along the gauge interval scale of the gauge interval indicator 18. In this way, reference lines corresponding to each contour line of the part to be measured on the object 11 to be measured are sequentially drawn on the drawing screen 14. Note that reference lines a, b, c... are displayed on the drawing screen 14.
When drawing, make sure that the reference lines do not overlap, draw each reference line related to the same contour line in the same color, and add numbers as necessary to make it easier to identify them later. It is preferable to leave it there. Finally, each time the reference part 10a of the reproducer 10 is matched with each reference line a, b, c, etc., the plotting part 10b of the reproducer 10 plots on the drawing screen 14 and plots points A', B. ',C'
. . . and draw each contour line indicating the shape of the object to be measured 11.

(Second example) FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

First, in explaining the measuring device, the differences from the first embodiment will be explained. The drawing screen 24 is composed of a digitizer, which is a commercially available graphic input device. Tressa 2
9, the gauges of the gauge interval instruction section 28 are input to two input bins 28a.
, 28a, and a drafting screen 24 consisting of a digitizer.
The drawing screen 24 uses the position of the tracer 29 as a coordinate.
This allows you to input it to The reproducer 20 is composed of a computer arithmetic circuit, and is configured to detect the projected detection point P of the tracer 29 (see FIG. 1(B)) and the gauge point 2 of the gauge distance indicator 28.
The relative relationship with 8a and 28a is input in advance as coordinate information. Reference numeral 9 in the figure is a drawing device consisting of an XY plotter or the like. This drafting device 9 has a drafting screen 1 consisting of a digitizer.
Input bin 28 of the tracer 29 under measurement placed on 4
With the output signal obtained by processing the coordinate information indicating the position of the tracer 29 obtained by inputting the plot into the drawing screen 24 at 28a with the coordinate information input to the reproducing device 20,
Detected on the drawing screen 24! Points corresponding to the projection point of the detection end 26a in S26 are plotted on the drawing paper 9a. Note that the detector 26 is composed of two light projectors 26b, 26b, as in the first embodiment, and the 2rIU
The light beams emitted from the projectors 26b, 26b (for example,
The intersection point of the laser beams, etc.) is defined as the detection end 26a.

Next, the measurement method will be explained. First, a drafting screen 24 consisting of a digitizer is fixed on a flat plate surface 23, and an object to be measured 21 is fixed on a fixed platen 22. Next, the drafting screen 24
A tracer 29 is movably placed thereon, and the detection end 26a of the detector 26 of the tracer 29 is adjusted to the first contour line position of the object to be measured 21. Then, the detection end 26a of the detector 26 is connected to the outer surface 21a of the object to be measured 21.
Each time a given point A, B, C, etc. is matched, coordinate information indicating the position of the tracer 29 obtained by plotting and inputting it into the drawing screen 24 using the input bin 288° 28a of the tracer 29, By processing the coordinate information input to the reproducing device 20, the coordinates of the projection point where the detection end 26a of the detector 26 is projected onto the drawing screen 24 are calculated, and the plot point is plotted on the drawing paper 9a of the drawing device 9. A', B', C'・
. . . to automatically draw each contour line indicating the shape of the object to be measured 21. It is also possible to connect adjacent plot points A' and B', B' and C', . . . with smooth curves such as spline curves through computer processing. Next, although not shown, the detector 26 of the tresor 29
After readjusting the detection end 26a of the detector 26 to the second contour line position of the object 21, each time the detection end 26a of the detector 26 is brought into alignment with three or more arbitrary points on the outer surface 21a of the object 21. Next, a second contour line of the object to be measured 21 is drawn on the drawing paper 9a of the drawing device 9. In this way, each contour line of the point to be measured on the object 21 is drawn on the drawing paper 9 of the drawing device 9.
Draw on a.

(Third example) FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention.

First, in explaining the measuring device, the differences from the second embodiment will be explained. The detector 36 consists of a distance measuring device such as an ultrasonic type or a laser set, and has a detection head 36d.
From the detection ends A, B, C on the outer surface 31a of the object to be measured 31
. . . and outputs the measurement results from the control main body 36c to a reproducing device 30, which will be described later. Reproducer 3
0 is composed of a computer arithmetic circuit, and the tracer 3
Based on the relationship between the coordinates of the gauge points 38a and 38a of 9 and the distance determined by the detector 36, the detection end A is placed on the drawing screen 34.
, B, C...
38a, the polar coordinate information must be input in advance. The fixed platen 32 for fixing the object to be measured 31 may be constructed of a turntable that rotates without axial runout and a rotation angle detector of the turntable, if necessary.

Next, the measurement method will be explained. First, a drawing screen 34 consisting of a digitizer is fixed on a flat plate surface 33, and an object to be measured 31 is fixed on a fixed platen 32. Next, the drafting screen 34
A tracer 39 is movably placed thereon, and the detection height of the detector 36 of the tracer 39 is adjusted to the first contour line position of the object 31 to be measured. Three or more arbitrary points A and B on the outer surface 31a of the object to be measured 31 from the detection head 36d of the detector 36.

Each time the distance to each point of C... is measured, the data is displayed on the drawing screen 24 using the input bins 38a, 38a of the tracer 39.

By processing the coordinate information indicating the position of the tracer 39 obtained by inputting the lot and the distance measurement result output from the control body 36c of the detector 36 with the coordinate information input to the reproducer 30, the above-mentioned arbitrary point A is processed. , B, C, .

B', C', . . . are automatically drawn to obtain each contour line indicating the shape of the object to be measured 31. Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, each contour line of the part to be measured on the object to be measured 31 is drawn on the drawing paper 9a of the drawing device 9.

(Fourth example) FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

First, the measuring device will be explained. The measuring device consists of a measuring board 47 and a tracer 49. The measurement board 47 is provided with a fixed plate 42 for fixing the object to be measured 41 above a flat plate surface 43, and the vertical axis V41 of the fixed plate 42 (which is also the vertical axis of the object to be measured 41) is aligned with the flat plate surface. 43 and perpendicular to it. The tresser 49 is provided with a base 45 that freely slides on the flat surface 43 of the measurement board 47 and at an appropriate height position of the base 45.
A detector 46 whose detection end 46a is the intersection of the light beams emitted from the two floodlights 46b, 46b, and a virtual sensor 46 that hangs down from the detection end 46a of the detector 46 onto the virtual extension plane of the sliding bottom surface 45a of the base 45. It consists of a plotting tool 48, such as a pencil, whose tip 48a is aligned with the perpendicular line V42.

Next, the measurement method will be explained. First, a drafting screen 44 made of drafting paper or the like is fixed to a region below the fixed die on the flat plate surface 43, and the object to be measured 41 is fixed on the fixed platen 42. Next, the tresor 49 is movably placed on the flat plate surface 43, and the detection end 46a of the detector 46 is connected to the object 41 to be measured.
After adjusting to the first contour line position, the tracer 49 is moved so that the detection end 46a of the detector 46 traces the outer surface 41a of the object to be measured 41, and a curve is drawn on the drawing screen 44 with the plotting tool 48. do. Next, although not shown, the detection end 46a of the detector 46 of the tracer 49 is connected to the object to be measured 41.
After readjusting to the second contour line position, trace the outer surface 41a of the object to be measured 41 with the detection end 46a of the detector 46,
A curve is drawn on the drawing screen using a plotting tool 48. In this way, curves corresponding to each contour line representing the shape of the object to be measured 41 are sequentially drawn on the drawing screen 44.

Incidentally, in order to process the obtained curve data by computer, if a digitizer is used as the drawing screen 44, the data can be inputted into the computer very easily.

[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, the present invention has the following excellent effects.

■ Since the shape of the object to be measured can be traced easily and quickly, measurements can be made in a shorter time than in the past, which requires the creation of multiple plate gauges.

(2) Since the shape of the outer surface of the object to be measured can be traced, it is possible to measure more accurately than in the past, in which the shape of the outer surface of the object to be measured cannot be traced.

(2) Since measurement can be performed using a non-contact type detector, it is possible to easily measure the shape of objects to be measured, such as soft materials or cotton-like materials that cannot be measured by contact.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to (C) show a first embodiment of the method and measuring device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to the present invention, in which a reference line is drawn on the drawing surface. A perspective view showing the state; Figure (B) is a perspective view explaining the relationship between the template, which is a reproducer, and the tracer; Figure fc) is a diagram showing the contour lines of the object to be measured using the reproducer on the drawing surface. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the method and apparatus for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to the present invention. and a perspective view showing a third embodiment of the measuring device; FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a fourth embodiment of the method and measuring device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a conventional measuring method.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A non-contact method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object, in which the object is placed at a predetermined position and the outer surface of the object is detected on the outside of the object. The detector is placed at an appropriate height position, and the intersection point of the drawing screen perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the object to be measured and the virtual axis passing through the detection end of the detector and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the object to be measured. A method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object, characterized in that the shape of the object to be measured is obtained by determining the shape of the object to be measured at three or more arbitrary points on the outer surface of the object. 2. When determining the intersection of the virtual axis and the drawing screen for each arbitrary location, each time the detector detects each arbitrary location, gauge interval instructions are formed at appropriate locations on the base that supports the detector. After drawing the reference line of the base on the drawing screen along between the gauge marks of the part, draw the vertical axis of the object to be measured from between the gauge marks of the gauge interval indicating part and from the sensing end onto the drawing screen. 2. The method for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the intersection point is determined by aligning a template whose relationship with a point projected along the center is determined in advance with the reference line. 3. In a measuring device that measures the shape of a three-dimensional object to be measured, there is a measuring panel equipped with a fixed plate of the object to be measured and a drawing screen perpendicular to the vertical axis of the fixed plate, and a measuring device that slides on the drawing screen of the measuring plate. A tracer is provided with a non-contact type detector at an appropriate height position on a movable base, and a gauge point indicator is provided at an appropriate location on the base; A solid body characterized by comprising a reproducer that determines the relationship between the projected detection point projected onto the virtual extension plane of the bottom surface along the vertical axis of the fixed plate and the gauge points of the gauge gauge distance indicator of the tracer. A device for measuring the shape of objects. 4. The device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to claim 3, wherein the detector is composed of two projectors, and the detection end is the intersection of the light beams emitted from the two projectors. 5. An apparatus for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the reproducer is a plate-shaped template. 6. The device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to claim 3, wherein the detector comprises a distance measuring device that measures the distance from the detection head to the detection end on the outer surface of the object to be measured. 7. The drawing screen comprises a digitizer which is a figure input device, and the reproducer comprises an arithmetic circuit of a computer that stores the relationship between the projection detection point and the gauge points. 6. The device for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object according to item 6. 8. In a measuring device that measures the shape of a three-dimensional object to be measured, a fixed plate of the object to be measured is protruded above a drawing screen perpendicular to the vertical axis of the fixed plate, and a drawing screen of the measuring plate. A detector whose detection end is the intersection of the light beams emitted from the two projectors is provided at an appropriate height position on a parallel flat plate surface and a base that can freely slide on the flat plate surface. An apparatus for measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object, comprising a tracer equipped with a plotting tool whose tip is aligned with a virtual perpendicular line hanging from the detection end to the drawing screen. 9. The shape measuring device for a three-dimensional object according to claim 8, wherein the drawing screen comprises a digitizer which is a graphic input device.