JPS62110362A - Image processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make partial magnification change, inversion, back printing, trimming etc., possible using simple and inexpensive mechanism by providing a designating means that designates desired area of an original image and a processing means that inverts order of output of image signals and controlling the processing means according to area designation of the designating device. CONSTITUTION:A signal AS becomes on while image information of an area DM is being read. Digital image signals from a comparator CMP are inputted to a shift register SR through an AND gate AND1 when the AS signal is L level, and inputted to an inversion shift register ISR through an AND gate AND2 when the signal AS is H level. Inputting is made to the register ISR during AS signal by forward direction shift. However, at the time of outputting, reverse direction shift is made by an inversion signal, and data pulse is outputted from a reverse direction output terminal. Number of input shift clocks is counted from generation of start pulse SP to generation of the signal AS, and the inversion signal is made to H level when the number of output shift clocks became the same number of count with the number of input shift clocks after the shift register became the state of outputting.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an image processing device that electrically processes image information.

Conventional image recording devices, especially copying devices, have been able to scale, invert, reverse print, etc. the entire image, but cannot change, scale, invert, reverse print, trim, etc. a part of the image. Not implemented. The reason for this is that the conventional copying machine forms a latent image of the image information of the original on a photoreceptor or the like through an optical system, and therefore requires a very large-scale device.

However, there may be times when you want to insert another smaller figure or table into your original manuscript, reverse a part of a drawing or text, or reverse print a part of a figure or design.

It would be extremely convenient if such operations could be performed using a device with an inexpensive and simple mechanism.

In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and inexpensive image processing device that is capable of partial scaling, inversion, reverse printing, trimming, etc.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1(a) shows a sectional view of a copying apparatus to which the present invention can be applied. Reference numeral 1 denotes a document table, and since a glass plate 2 for internal protection can be opened and closed, the glass plate 2 is opened and a document is set on the document plate 1 facing upward.

The document table moves rightward at a constant speed along the movement guide 7 by the motor 17. When the surface of the original is brought into the reading unit consisting of an illumination lamp 6, an imaging lens 5, a CCD-dimensional image sensor 4, and a dark box 3, the CCD starts photoelectric conversion, the electrical output is digitized, and the shift register is The signal is input to a processing circuit 8 containing the signal.

A processing circuit 8 reads out an image signal and modulates a semiconductor laser 9 in accordance with a predetermined synchronization pulse. The laser beam from the laser 9 passes through the collimator lens 10 and is reflected by the scanner mirror 11 to become a scanning beam.
A latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 13 through the lens 12. The latent image is visualized by a known electrophotographic process,
The image is transferred to paper from the paper container 14 and discharged to the paper discharge tray 16.

A detailed perspective view of the document table 1 in FIG. 1(a) is shown in FIG. 1(b). 21 is a glass plate for holding down the original;
It can be opened and closed by a hinge 26, and a document is set in the open state. The original 22 is placed with the surface to be read facing upward, and the glass plate 21 is placed from below by a holding plate 23 and a spring 24.
is pressed against. For this reason, it is also possible to copy book-like manuscripts. Reference numeral 27 denotes a glass plate holder, which fixes the glass plate 21 when obtaining an image. Reference numeral 28 denotes guides for manual image positioning cursors 29 and 30. The guide 28 forms a single linear resistor with equal linear resistivity, and a constant voltage is applied to both ends of the guide 28 to move the cursor 29.
．． An electric signal (voltage) corresponding to the position on the image 30 is obtained and output to lead wires 41 and 42. Force 31.
32 is constructed in exactly the same manner.

The position marks 34 to 37 are manually aligned with the position corresponding to the cursor using a mirror (not shown), or are aligned with an electric means such as a servo motor to a position corresponding to an electric signal from the cursor. The detailed situation in the case of manual operation is as shown in FIG. 1(C). That is, the image of the cursor 29 is not only visible by the mirror 38, but also reflected by the vertically erected mirror 18 and then reflected by the mirror 38.
It is noticed by 8. At this time, the position mark 34 is placed on both images.
By overlapping the positions, you can align the position mark with the opposite position of the cursor. The same applies to cursors 30, 31, and 32. In this way, one area is selected on the image by straight lines (four lines in the illustrated example) connected between the cursor and the corresponding position mark.

These cursors and position marks are easier to use if their moving knobs are made to protrude outside the device.

As described above, in this embodiment, the original is set facing upward, so the position of a part of the image on the original can be set using the cursor as a positioning member while directly viewing the original image.
There is no need to provide a separate display means such as a screen, and the image position can be easily set.

Figure 2 (a) is the original manuscript, Figure 2 (b) is partial back printing, Figure 2 (C) is partial reversal, Figure 2 (d) is cropping, Figure 2 (e) is partial scaling. Here is an example. However, the direction of partial magnification change in FIG. 2(e) is only one direction, and the image is deformed into a horizontally collapsed shape. Also, the second
Figure (f) shows an example in which the designated area is shifted in the main scanning direction.

The process of obtaining the images shown in FIGS. 2(b) to 2(e) will be described below.

FIG. 3(a) shows a signal processing circuit for obtaining an image of the original document as it is. The output of the image signal in the COD image sensor 51 is started by a start pulse SP.
It is output to the comparator 52 in synchronization with the clock pulse φ1 of the clock generator 55.

The comparator 52 digitizes the image signal, and the digital signal for one scanning line is input to the shift register 53 in synchronization with the clock pulse φ1 of the clock generator 55. The digital signal in shift register 53 is read out in synchronization with clock pulse φ2 of clock generator 57.

The pulse φ2 is generated in accordance with the effective scanning width of the laser beam.

Clock pulse φ2 for shifting of the shift register 53.
Switching of φ2 is performed by a high speed digital switch 56. The output of the shift register 53 is sent to the laser driver 54.
The semiconductor laser 59 is modulated through.

The laser beam is detected by a beam detector 58 placed near the photosensitive drum 13 in FIG. 1(a), and this detection signal BD is delayed by a time T1 in a delay circuit 62 to generate the start pulse SP. Furthermore, the detection signal BD converts the contents of the shift register 53 into the output signal C of the delay circuit 61.
Cancel with LEAR.

Further, the shift stop signal LOCK of the shift register 53 is obtained by a counter 60 that counts the number of pulses of the signal BD and the clock pulse φ2. The above timing is the third
Shown in Figure (b).

In FIG. 4(a), arrow α indicates the main scanning direction of the CCD-dimensional image sensor, and arrow β indicates the sub-scanning direction of the image sensor. The shaded portion DM is the cursor 29.30. 31 and 32 show the area of the document 22 designated by 32.

FIG. 4(b) shows a circuit for obtaining a signal AS, which is turned on while reading the image information in the area DM of FIG. 4(a).

101 is a 14-bit binary counter that adds up the start pulse SP output every time the image sensor main scans. Therefore, the output of binary counter 101 is COD
indicates the reading position in the sub-scanning direction. 111 is a β-bit binary counter and the read clock pulse φ from COD
Count 1. Therefore, the output of the counter 111 indicates the reading position of the CCD in the main scanning direction.

Cursor 29. To read the resistance value according to 30.31.32, a predetermined voltage is applied to the resistor, and the voltage is applied to the voltage follower 103.30 by a high input impedance operational amplifier.
107. 114. It is being read at 118.

The output of the voltage follower is sent to a 12-bit AD converter 104. 108. 115 and 119, respectively. At this time, the AD converter 104. 108
As the output of ゜115.119, a negative voltage is set as a two's complement output. By doing this, the most significant bit MSB
When the voltage is negative, an H level is obtained. 12-bit adder circuit 105.109.116. When adding the output of the AD converter and the output of the binary counter at 120 (actually subtracting because the output of the AD converter is a complement),
If the output 11 bits of the binary counter is larger, the MSB output of the adder circuit will be L level, and if it is smaller, H level will be obtained. However, in addition, the upper 11 bits of the 13-bit or 14-bit counter and the lower 11 bits of the AD converter are added.

In other words, the addition circuit 105. Since the MSB of 116 is at H level, the gate 106. 110. 112
A signal AS is outputted via 117, 121, etc.

Here, the 14-bit binary counter 101 is reset by the inversion signal from the document table, and the 13-bit binary counter 111 is reset by the start pulse SP.

Here, the AD converter 104. 108. 115.
A method of setting the input voltage of the 119 will be explained.

Assume that the largest original is A3 and the image is decomposed at a resolution of 20 lines per mm. Also, the size of A3 is 420 m.
Since it is mX297mm, the main scanning direction of the CCD is 297mm.
and the sub-scanning direction is 420 mm. Then, 5940 bits are obtained in the main scanning direction and 8400 bits are obtained in the sub-scanning direction. The 13-bit binary counter 111 counts these 5940 bits, and the 14-bit binary counter lO1 counts 8400 bits. When 5940 is binarized, it is l, 011. 100.110. It becomes 100.

The top 11 bits of this are 10. 111.001. 1
01 (1485 in decimal), and taking the two's complement of this becomes 101.000°110.011.

Therefore, the AD converter 115. The output of 119 is 111
゜111.111,111. ~101,000,110
．． The input voltage of the AD converter may be adjusted so that it is between O1l. If the AD converter 115.119 supports an input of 10V to IOV, the AD
The input voltage of converters 115 and 119 is -2.44 mV.
It is sufficient to adjust it to ~-362549V.

Similarly, when 8400 bits in the sub-scanning direction are converted into binary data, 1
It becomes 0.000,011,010,000. The upper 11 bits of this are 10.000.011.010 (10
1050 in decimal), and taking the two's complement of this is 101.
111°100,110.

Therefore, the output of AD converter 104.10B is 111°Ill, 111. Ill~101.111. 1
The input voltage of the AD converter may be adjusted so that the voltage is between 00.110 and 110. AD converter 104. 108
If it corresponds to an input of 10V to 10V, then A
D converter 104.108 input voltage -2,44m
It should be adjusted to V ~ -2.56348V.

In this embodiment, the distance 297 mm in the main scanning direction is divided into 1485 parts, so the main scanning direction is 297÷1485=0.
, the cursor position can be set every 2 mm. Also, in the sub-scanning direction, 420+105 (11-=0.4mmmm
-You can set the position of the sol. For normal images, this range of cursor increments is sufficient. If the step width can be larger, an 8-bit adder is used instead of a 12-bit adder.
A bit adder or the like may also be used.

FIG. 5(a) shows an example of a configuration circuit that backprints only the area designated by the cursor, as shown in FIG. 2(b). Further, in this case, a timing chart when the signal AS is input during one line scanning is shown in FIG. 5(b).

In Fig. 5(a), Is is a COD image sensor, C
MP Ha: 7 Nha L/-ta, INVI is inverter,
ANDI.

2 is an AND gate, SR1 is a shift register, ISR is an inverted shift register, 0SCI is a clock generator, OR
I represents an OR gate, LDR represents a laser driver, and LD represents a semiconductor laser.

In the figure, the output from the CCD image sensor IS passes through the comparator CMP, and when the signal AS is at L level, it passes through the AND gate ANDl to the shift register SR.
and when the signal AS is at H level, the ant game)
It is input to the inversion shift register ISR via AND2. The shift register SR has an inverted shift register ISR.
Bit shifting is performed using the clock from the clock generator O8C while the pulse signal read in is inputted, but only necessary signals are inputted to the inversion shift register ISR. Although the operation signal of the shift register SR is not shown, it may be the same as that shown in FIG. 3(a). A forward shift is input to the inversion shift register ISR during the AS signal, but at the time of output, a reverse shift is performed by the inversion signal, and a data pulse is output from the reverse output terminal. For example, the inversion shift register ISR is 5N7419.
8 (trade name: manufactured by Texas Instruments Inc.) type bidirectional shift registers connected in a ladder for the required number of bits can be used. In addition, the reversal signal is generated by counting the number of input shift clocks during the time T from when the start pulse SP is generated until when the signal AS is generated.
After the shift register enters the output state, when the number of output shift clocks reaches the same count as the number of input shift clocks, it may be set to H level.

The reversal signal pulse width can be determined in a similar manner. Both the shift register and the inverting shift register require the same bit capacity as the CCD, and this is sufficient. As described above, a signal obtained by reversing the readout signal of the image sensor in the specified area with respect to the time axis can be obtained.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a configuration in which only the area specified by the cursor is inverted as shown in FIG. 2(c). In FIG. 6, parts having the same functions as those in FIG. 5(a) are given the same symbols.

In the figure, when the signal AS is at L level, the digital image signal from the comparator CM P is input to the AND gate AND3,
It is input to the shift register SR via the OR gate OR2. Moreover, when the signal AS becomes H level, the gate AND3
is closed, and the inverted signal of the output of the comparator CMP is input to the shift register SR2 via the AND gate AND4 and the OR gate OR2. In this way, it is possible to obtain a signal obtained by inverting the readout signal in the specified area with respect to the amplitude axis.

Further, FIG. 7 shows an example of a configuration for trimming a portion other than the area specified by the cursor.

In FIG. 7, parts having the same functions as those in FIG. 5(a) are labeled with the same symbols.

In the figure, the output of the comparator CMP is sent to the AND gate AN only when the signal AS is at L level.
It is input via D5. If the inverter INV3 is excluded, the area specified by the cursor can be used as the trimming area as shown in FIG. 2(d).

Incidentally, the image sensor IS in FIGS. 6 and 7.

The control of shift registers SR2 and SR3 may be similar to that shown in FIG. 3(a).

FIG. 8(a) shows a specific configuration example for performing magnification change (deformation) in the main scanning direction. The photoelectrically converted image information signal from the CCD sensor 201 is sent to a comparator 202.
digitized in shift register 205 or 214
206, 207, 208.
12.215 is output to the laser driver 209. Gate 203, 204° 206-208, 211
213 and 215 act as changeover switches for the shift registers 205 and 214.

The shift register 205 is a shift register whose speed and frequency are fixed by a clock oscillator 221. The shift register 214 is capable of switching between the clock from the clock oscillator 221 and the clock of a PLL oscillator 223 which oscillates at a shift frequency determined by a deformation magnification determining means to be described later. The shift register 214 for variable magnification may have a variable clock at the time of input, output, or both at the same time, but here, the clock is variable at the time of output. Therefore shift 1222214
When using manual power, the clock from the fixed clock oscillator 221 is used, and when outputting, the clock from the PLL oscillator 223 is used. Gates 217 to 219 and 224 are clock changeover switches. Further, in the deformed mode, the signal DON is applied to the gates 222 and 225.

The down counter 228, the binary counter 235, the gates 229 to 233, and the delay circuit 234 are pulse generators that determine the CCD successive cycle and the laser writing cycle. The down counter 228 has a logic value of 1 after counting a predetermined number of clocks, and is reset by the delay circuit 234. Here, the delay time To of the delay circuit 234 is set to To<(CCD read cycle time or laser write cycle time).

The variable voltage source 236 and the AD converter 237 are deformation magnification determining means for determining the deformation magnification.
6 is interlocked with a knob etc. outside the device. The electric wire #243, the resistor slider 244, and the AD converter 245°252 determine the deformed position in one main scan.
Outputs the number of clocks in main scanning. The AD converted deformed magnification and deformed position are stored in the latch circuit 238.
246.253, it is latched at the start of copying, held during copying, and reset when copying is completed. The arithmetic unit 254 calculates p== −((A−B)X
Calculate C-(A-B)l.

± Graben 4 Homare; Here, D indicates the remaining half clock number when deformed as shown in Fig. 2(e). The subtracter 247 subtracts E=A−D, and the adder 255 subtracts F.
=B+D is added. These values are delayed by the time of calculation and addition/subtraction and are stored in the latch circuit 239.248.25
6.261 is latched. 240°249.257,
262 is a preset type down counter, which determines the count value based on the latch output of the previous stage, starts down counting at the same time as the start of the read/write cycle, and generates a short one-shot pulse when the count reaches 0.

Here, A indicates a count value at which deformation starts in the read information, and B indicates a count value at which deformation ends. or,
E indicates a count value at which writing information by the laser 210 starts, and F indicates a count value at which writing information ends. As a result, the gates 242 and 251 are output with a signal 2 indicating a state in which deformation should be performed among the read information, and a signal E indicating a state in which deformation should be performed among the write information. Here, the signal E is obtained when the magnification C is C 1, and the signal E is obtained when the magnification C is C>1.

Signals 2 and 5 are obtained at the output of gate 1O6 in FIG. 4(b). After performing an AND with the deformed position signal SSP in the sub-scanning direction at gates 271 and 272, gate 227. 233.

The signal operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 8(a) is shown in the time chart of FIG. 8(b). Signal A indicates the main scanning start signal.
A signal port indicates a signal being read from the image sensor, and a signal C indicates a period of writing by a laser. When not in the deformed mode, the input signal is output as is as the output signal. Next, the signal operation when in deformed mode will be described. Since the deformation position determining means obtains the area signal 2 to be deformed, this is transmitted to the two shift registers 205 and 214 with the same clock.
Allocate to. That is, the signal N is input to the shift register 205, and the signal L is input to the shift register 214. However, the shift register 214 is shifted between extra write and read cycles so that the beginning of the signal is placed. Next, when writing with a laser, the shift registers are assigned according to the calculated deformation area signal E or H. In this case, the output of the shift register 214 is shifted by the oscillation clock of the PLL oscillator 223 with the deformed magnification C, and as a result, an image signal in which only a part of the image such as the signal YO or evening is scaled in the main scanning direction is obtained. It will be done.

In the above case, priority was given to the deformed information, so
During the enlargement, the signal was like that of evening, but priority may be given to the signal excluding the deformed area.

In this way, a signal obtained by compressing or expanding the read signal from the image sensor in the designated area in the time axis direction can be obtained. In addition, when performing uniform scaling of a designated area, it is sufficient to rotate the image obtained in one deformed manner by 90 degrees and set it on the document table.

Note that if an analog shift register such as shift register BBD is used in conjunction with an analog switch, the entire process can be processed with analog signals, and the gradation of the image will be significantly improved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1(a) is a sectional view of a copying apparatus to which the present invention can be applied;
FIG. 1(b) is a perspective view of the document table 1, FIG. 1(C) is a diagram showing how to align the cursor 29 and the position mark 34,
Figure 2(a) shows an example of an original manuscript, Figure 2(b)
) to Figure 2(f) are images obtained by applying different processing to a partial area and other areas of the original document in Figure 2(a), and Figure 3(a) is an image of the original document. A signal processing circuit diagram when obtaining an image as it is, FIG. 3(b) is a diagram showing a timing chart of each part of FIG. 3(a), and FIG.
Figure (a) shows the original 22, and Figure 4 (b) shows the signal AS.
5(a) is a circuit diagram for back-burning a designated partial area, and FIG. 5(b) is a circuit diagram for back-burning a specified part of the area.
), Figure 6 is a circuit diagram for inverting a specified area, Figure 7 is a circuit diagram for trimming a portion other than the specified area,
FIG. 8(a) is a circuit diagram for performing deformation in the main scanning direction, and FIG. 8(b) is a diagram showing a timing chart of each part in FIG. 8(a). In the figure, 1 is a document table, 4 is a CCD-dimensional image sensor, 9 is a semiconductor laser, 13 is a photosensitive drum, 29 to 3
2 indicates a cursor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A reading means for photoelectrically reading an original image; a specifying means for specifying a desired area of the original image; a processing means for reversing the output order of image signals output from the reading means; An image processing apparatus comprising: a control means for controlling the processing means according to the area designation of the designation means so as to backprint an image in the area designated by the designation means.