JPS6158174B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for non-percutaneously crushing stones in order to non-invasively remove stones existing within the human body.

Conventionally, open surgical treatment has been performed to remove stones existing in the human body. On the other hand, in recent years, methods have been developed to directly crush stones using high-voltage discharge or the like and remove them from the body. According to these methods of directly removing stones, if the part of the human body where the stone is located is closer than outside the body;
For example, it can be done non-percutaneously if there is a sufficient opening and passageway in the path leading to the bladder stone to allow the entry of instruments such as catheters, but it may be possible to do so non-percutaneously if the path leading to the bladder stone has a sufficient opening and passageway to allow the entry of instruments such as catheters. , causing physical pain. If the stone is located deep in the human body, such as in the kidney, surgery is required, requiring long-term hospital treatment.

In addition, in recent years, a method has been developed in which a shock wave generated by a high voltage discharge of 12 to 15 KV underwater is focused by a spheroid-shaped reflective surface and is applied to stones from outside the human body to crush them.

This method indirectly removes stones, and since stones can be removed non-invasively, it does not cause mental or physical pain to the patient, and has the advantage of not requiring long-term hospital treatment. , current may flow through the human body due to leakage during high-voltage discharge, causing electrical shock injuries and affecting essential physiological contractions, and electronic measuring instruments used to monitor and manage the patient's heart, lungs, brain, etc. during surgery. An unexpected electrical signal may enter the device, causing a measurement error. If these inconveniences are to be eliminated, a special circuit device must be added, making the entire device complex and expensive. Furthermore, since it is difficult to control the shape and energy of underwater shock waves caused by high voltage discharge, it is disadvantageous to ideally and instantaneously generate a controlled high pressure in the region where the shock waves are focused.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the shock wave from crushing or affecting organs and bones other than stones, the device becomes complicated in order to perform stable discharge in a low energy range.

An object of the present invention is to provide a stone crushing device using underwater shock waves that does not have the drawbacks described above. comprising a human body immersion liquid tank connected to an opening of the generation chamber and in which a second focal point of the spheroid is formed, and a shock wave generation source is disposed at the first focal point within the shock wave generation chamber, The shock wave generation source is comprised of a micro-explosive, and the micro-explosive is detonated by a detonator.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a shock wave generation chamber made of metal or synthetic resin and whose interior is formed as a part of a spheroid.One end of an optical fiber 2 is introduced into the bottom of the shock wave generation chamber 1, and the inside of the shock wave generation chamber 1 is formed into a part of a spheroid. A micro explosive 4 attached to a wire 3 penetrating the side wall was placed at the first focal point.

A wire 3 to which a large number of micro-explosives 4 are attached at appropriate intervals is movable left and right by a pulley 5, so that large stones can be easily crushed by exploding a plurality of micro-explosives 4.

The other end of the optical fiber 2 is connected to a laser beam generator 6
Continuing to. As the laser light generator 6, for example, a ruby laser with a Q switch or a Q switch with a capacity of 50 millijoules and a pulse width of 20 nanometers is used.
Use YAG laser etc.

Explosives 4 include lead azide, tricinate, and Diazo Dinitrophenol.
Use a detonator such as Phenol, DDNP).

In addition, in the figure, 7 is a human body immersion liquid tank whose bottom opening is connected to the opening of the shock wave generation chamber 1;
It is assumed that the size of the stone in the human body is such that the second focal point 9 of the spheroid is formed in the filled liquid 8 and that a stone in the human body can be located at the second focal point 9. Reference numeral 10 designates a water jet for removing air bubbles, with one end directed along the inner wall surface of the shock wave generation chamber 1 and the other end connected to the liquid tank.

Next, its operation will be explained.

The energy generated by the type of explosive 4 is as follows. That is, 1. Lead azide 1.5 joules/mg, specific gravity 2 g/cm ³ 2. Tricinate 1.8 joules/mg, specific gravity 2 g/cm ³ 3. DDNP 3.3 joules/mg, specific gravity 1.58 g/cm ³ . When measuring the pressure in the focus region, for example, 5 mg of lead azide generates a high pressure of approximately 2,500 atmospheres, and 10 mg of lead azide generates a high pressure of 3,000 atmospheres, and it has been found that the pressure is proportional to the cube root of the weight of the explosive.

Therefore, by changing the drug type and dosage,
An optimal energy amount, ie, pressure value, can be set in advance. In addition, the pressure distribution of the underwater shock wave caused by the explosion of the explosive has the necessary and sufficient characteristics to fragment the stone after its focus. Thus,
For example, a large number of micro-explosives 4 containing 5 mg of lead azide are attached to the wire 3 at predetermined intervals, one of them is placed at the first focal point in the shock wave generation chamber 1, and the human body is placed in the liquid tank 7.
The stone is immersed in the liquid 8 in the liquid 8, and the stone is positioned at the second focal point 9 by a predetermined means. In addition, a water jet 10 injects water to remove air bubbles adhering to the inner wall of the shock wave generating chamber 1, so that the shock wave is not weakened by the air bubbles. Next, the laser light generating device 6, for example, a ruby laser with a Q switch is activated, and the optical fiber 2 is introduced into the shock wave generating chamber 1.
The explosive 4 is irradiated with a pulsed laser beam and exploded.

For example, when 5 mg of lead azide is exploded, the diameter is 5 mm.
A large stone made of calcium oxalate was shattered into pieces in one go.

In the case of a larger stone, the wire 3 is connected to the pulley 5.
is rotated and moved, and the explosives 4 are successively placed at the first focal position and detonated until the stone is crushed. It is preferable that the explosive energy per blast be as small as possible, since it is less likely to crush or affect organs other than stones.

In the above embodiment, a laser beam generator was used as a means for detonating the micro-explosive, but instead, well-known methods such as detonation by electric heating, detonation by a fuse, and detonation by mechanical shock are used as means for detonating the explosive. You may.

As described above, according to the present invention, since the micro explosive 4 is used as a shock wave generation source, it is easier to control the energy value of the shock wave to a predetermined value over a corresponding range than in the case of conventional high voltage discharge. In addition, because micro-explosives and a laser light generator to detonate them are used, there is no risk of electrical shock or physiological contraction of the heart, and there is no risk of measurement errors in electronic measuring instruments that monitor the patient's heart. Furthermore, the device has the advantage of being simple and inexpensive.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawing is a diagram of an embodiment of the invention. 1... Shock wave generation chamber, 2... Optical fiber, 3...
... Wire, 4 ... Explosive, 5 ... Pulley, 6 ... Laser light generator, 7 ... Liquid tank for human body immersion, 8 ... Liquid, 9 ... Second focus of spheroid, 10 ... Water flow Jet.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A shock wave generation chamber whose interior is formed in the shape of a part of a spheroid, and a human body in which a second focal point of the spheroid is formed in a tank connected to an opening of the shock wave generation chamber. and a liquid tank for immersion, and a shock wave generation source is disposed at a first focal point in the shock wave generation chamber, the shock wave generation source is composed of a micro-explosive, and the micro-explosive is detonated by a detonating means. A stone crushing device that uses underwater shock waves. 2. The stone crushing device using underwater shock waves according to claim 1, wherein the micro-explosive is an initiator such as lead azide, tricinate, diazodeinitrophenol, or the like.