JPS615141A - Durable structure of lower member in wooden building - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a durable structure for a lower member in a wooden building, and in particular allows a wood preservative solution to be permeated into the wooden part of the lower member at any time even after construction. It is an extremely effective construction and management method that can improve the durability of the wooden building itself by keeping the lower parts air-dry to prevent the occurrence of rotting fungi and the invasion of pests, thereby increasing the durability of the wooden parts. It concerns a simple structure of the lower member and foundation.

In general, the aging phenomena of wooden buildings can be roughly divided into four types: weathering, abrasion, rot, and insect damage.Among them, damage caused by rot fungi and termites is particularly common. The wood must be supplied with alcohol and moisture (survival at wood moisture content of 25-100%, preferably around 80%), and at an appropriate temperature (survivable at 3-45°C, 2.
4-35°C is preferable), and there are nutrients that can be ingested (
Sugar, nitrogen compounds, cellulose, lignin, etc.) are necessary, and if any one of them is missing, growth is impossible. Also, termites, especially mountain termites, cannot survive on rotten or damp wood. Even though it is susceptible to feeding damage, it particularly likes springwood and sapwood.

The foundations of wooden buildings are generally made of concrete, but concrete itself has a high water absorption capacity.
The lower end is always underground, and the upper end rests on the foundation and other lower parts, so it constantly sucks in moisture from the ground from the bottom of the foundation and replenishes moisture to the lower parts at the upper end. In addition, some of the moisture from rain that falls on the sides of the foundation is also absorbed into the concrete and becomes a source of moisture that is supplied to the lower parts. Generally, countermeasures are taken to reduce this effect by increasing the height of the foundation above ground, but this is not perfect. In addition, bundling stones are generally placed on the ground surface under the floor with the soil exposed, and floor bundling and
A floor is constructed by assembling lower parts such as large drawers and joists, but the moisture that constantly evaporates from the ground surface will sufficiently moisten those lower parts from below the floor. However, it is still not perfect.

It is a common experience that items stored in the lower tiers of closets are exposed to moisture that has come through the floorboards, resulting in damage such as moisture or mold growth.

In this way, the lower parts always get wet and are more susceptible to damage from rotting fungi and termites than other upper parts. The most important thing is to protect it from bacteria and insect damage.

Traditionally, wood is treated with a preservative solution, that is, a preservative and insect repellent, as a method to remove moisture from wood and to create a state where the wood tissue is not decomposed along with nutrients, which can be absorbed by decaying fungi.・It is common practice to treat with solutions such as termiticides. Construction methods include the press-in method, dipping method, coating method, and spraying method, but both the press-in method and dipping method require large-scale equipment, and are extremely laborious and expensive, making the coating method unsuitable for on-site construction. - Although the spraying method is simple, it has shortcomings such as short-lasting effects and the inconvenience of additional work after construction.

There are also structures in which a concrete base is placed on a cloth foundation and columns are erected directly on it (for example, see Utility Model Publication No. 35-963 and Utility Model Publication No. 42-1645), and structures in which the lower ends of the columns are inserted into a preservative solution. There is a device (for example, see Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 48-11689) that erects a concrete structure directly on a cloth foundation using a right-angled triangular metal fitting. However, for both of these, it is not possible to measure the dimensions of the base, pillars, etc. in advance at the factory, and since the concrete base of the former is highly hygroscopic, the base of the column gets wet from the end surface, causing rot, and Because there is no way to replenish preservatives after construction, additional construction is not possible, and the structure is complex and expensive.

In addition, there are structures in which a pedestal is installed to separate the base and columns from the concrete foundation to maintain a dry state (for example, see Utility Model Publication No. 31-11452, Utility Model Law 34-9967, and Utility Model Law 45-28050), and concrete foundations. There is a structure in which ridges, grooves, and drainage holes are provided on the top surface and the base is air-dried (for example, see Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 36-3947), but neither of these is accompanied by antiseptic/termiticide treatment means.

There are also disclosures (see, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 10447-1981) that preservatives are injected into holes in pillars and foundations.
No answer has been disclosed regarding the intensive supply of preservatives after construction, and the holes in the pillars spoil the aesthetics.

In addition, a groove, which is a liquid storage tank, is provided on the top of the foundation to allow the preservative solution to flow, and from the foundation set above the suction material, such as linen cloth, is lowered into the groove. A structure for replenishing preservative liquid (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-43)
However, it is difficult to ensure accuracy in making small grooves on the upper end surface of narrow concrete foundations, and it takes a lot of time to create and fix the temporary groove frames, and it is difficult to make small grooves on the upper end surface of narrow concrete foundations. Since a temporary groove frame is provided on the upper end surface, pouring becomes very inconvenient.

In addition, concrete cloth foundations are highly hygroscopic, and foundations and floor bundles are placed directly on piles of stones, so they are constantly supplied with water from the foundations, etc., making countermeasures insufficient.

In addition, the preservative liquid will penetrate into the foundation concrete 1. This will harm the appearance of the outer peripheral foundation of the building.Although a plan to lay a waterproof sheet on top of the cloth foundation has been disclosed, Accurate construction is difficult because it is necessary to open a groove on the foundation, which is the central liquid storage tank, and lay it in two rows on both sides.
The method of joining the groove material and the waterproof sheet is not disclosed, and if there is a gap, it will serve as a moisture replenishment port and a leakage port for the preservative solution.

In addition, many pipes are installed vertically and horizontally under the floor to supply the preservative solution to the floor bundles from outside, and the cost of piping is much higher than the price of the floor bundles that are supplied with the preservative solution. This is extremely uneconomical.

In addition, such piping makes cleaning under the floor very inconvenient. In addition, even if there is a vent to the liquid storage tank, there is a wicking material such as linen cloth to prevent ventilation, and there is a small groove inside the liquid storage tank, which is a power source for moving the air. Since there is nothing to dry out, the air in the tank does not move and has no effect on drying the wood.

In addition, since it is not possible to know the amount of liquid in the storage tank from the outside when replenishing the preservative liquid, the preservative liquid will overflow from the vent or between the fabric foundation and the foundation each time it is refilled. , it will spoil the aesthetic appearance of the outer surface of the cloth foundation.

In addition, wicking materials such as linen cloth that surround the base always contain a preservative solution, making it easy for dust etc. to adhere to them under the floor. Because of the inhalation, the preservative liquid is consumed uneconomically.

In addition, there is no disclosure of any protection measures against the lower parts of the floorboards, joists, floorboards, etc., which are constantly exposed to moisture evaporating from the sub-floor ground, from becoming damp. The replenishing preservative solution does not evenly penetrate to these components located far away.

In addition, if the preservative liquid supply port installed outdoors is damaged due to an accident during stormy weather or otherwise, rainwater will immediately enter the storage tank, and once the water has entered, it is difficult to remove it or clean it. This water, which is impossible to remove, gradually evaporates over a long period of time, but during that time, the foundation, etc., is constantly kept moist.

The present invention solves these conventional drawbacks and problems, and is simple and easy to implement at the time of construction. Even after the construction work is completed, the preservative solution can be intensively poured into the storage tank from the supply port at any time as needed. By replenishing the base, the preservative solution can be infiltrated into the base and the lower part of the part in contact with it. In addition, the structure prevents water from entering the liquid storage tank after construction, which prevents moisture from entering the foundation, and prevents moisture from being replenished from the foundation, subfloor ground surface, etc. to the subfloor area. The parts of the lower part where the preservative solution is difficult to penetrate can also be kept air-dry at all times.

In addition, the floor bundle should be made of hard-walled vinyl chloride pipe or other non-water-absorbing, non-corrosive material so that it does not absorb moisture from the bundle stones, etc., and does not require direct replenishment of preservative solution. Constructed from materials that are not damaged by ants.

In this manner, the present invention provides a durable structure for lower members in wooden buildings that is extremely easy to construct and maintain.

The structure of the present invention includes a lower member of a wooden building having a groove on the lower surface that can accommodate a wood preservative solution, a liquid storage tank that covers the lower surface of the member, and a moisture-proof coating layer on the upper end surface and indoor side surface. The foundation consists of a waterproof sheet covering the upper end surface of the subfloor, a retaining material placed on top of the waterproof sheet, and a floor bundle made of corrosion-resistant and termite-resistant material. This is a durable structure of a lower member of a wooden building characterized by continuous supply ports.

In describing one embodiment of the present invention, terms will be defined.

A wood preservative solution is a mixture of several types of wood preservatives, such as preservatives such as creosote oil, insect repellents such as chlordane/chlornaphthalene organotin compounds, etc., for example, 2,2' - It is an oil solution with low fire hazard due to the use of solvents such as dichlorodiisopropyl ether (Special Publications Publication No. 4
5-3675).

However, in this text, it is abbreviated as preservative liquid.

"Lower members" is a general term for the wooden parts of the lower part of a building, such as the framework materials such as the foundation, columns, studs, and braces of wooden buildings, and the flooring materials such as floor bundles, floor joists, and floor boards.

Foundation is a general term for structures such as cloth foundations and independent foundations that are placed on the ground and on which the above-mentioned lower members are placed.

The moisture-proof coating layer is a coating layer formed by coating waterproofing with acrylic, urethane rubber, or other synthetic resin, which is generally used for waterproofing work on roofs of reinforced concrete buildings, etc. Acrylic resin coating waterproofing AR Betolock wall surface construction method may be applied three times. Other similar resin coating waterproofing methods,
A general term for the Askuald waterproofing method, or the waterproofing method using synthetic rubber or other sheets.

A waterproof sheet is a type of soft vinyl chloride sheet that is generally placed under the concrete for the purpose of moisture proofing when concrete is placed on an earthen floor, and other synthetic resin sheets, etc. A general term for synthetic rubber sheets, etc.

One embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, 1 is an ordinary concrete cloth foundation, and a moisture-proof coating layer 2 is provided on the upper horizontal surface part and the indoor side surface part, and the upper horizontal surface part of the cloth foundation is A liquid storage tank 3 for receiving a preservative liquid is placed on the moisture-proof coating layer so as to be aligned with the axis of the fabric base. This is a rectangular gutter-like material with an open top that is about the same width as the foundation, and is made of hard vinyl chloride eaves gutter or other similar products that are highly chemical and oil resistant, and are welded in place. .

At the point where the anchor bold 4 for fixing the foundation, which is buried in an appropriate place in the foundation, penetrates the liquid storage tank 3, a pipe material 5 made of the same material as the liquid storage tank is surrounded to the same extent as the height of the tank. It is welded to the liquid storage tank 3 in a shape to prevent the preservative liquid from leaking.

Inside the liquid storage tank, a base 6 with a groove 7 on the lower surface is tightened with an anchor bolt 4, and the upper part of the liquid storage tank 3 is made to stick tightly to the base 6 by hammering anti-corrosion treated nails, so that the preservative solution is stored. Make sure that the liquid does not overflow beyond the top of the liquid tank 3. The groove 7 is a flow path for the preservative solution and also functions as a retention pond.

The portion where the anchor bold 4 penetrates the groove 7 is widened to form a groove 8 in order to improve the circulation of the preservative solution.

In the groove 7 on the lower surface of the base 6, a hole-shaped preservative liquid supply port 9 is provided at an appropriate location on the indoor side surface of the base. Since this is connected to the groove 7 through the hole 10, the preservative liquid replenished from the supply port 9 reaches the groove 7 without any hindrance and flows inside the groove in the axial direction of the base, and the liquid is connected to the base 6 and the liquid storage tank 3. It spreads from the gap to the entire underside of the foundation, and then penetrates into the foundation.

There may be one supply port 9, but a plurality of supply ports 9 may be provided depending on the size of the building, that is, the length of the liquid storage tank. In order to prevent dust, etc. from entering the groove 7, this supply port 9 is closed by driving a wooden plug 11 into it during normal times when the preservative solution is not being replenished, or as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Referring to , fix the lid 12 of the small plate piece to the foundation 6 or the joist hook 22 with one rust-proofed nail 13, hang it down as a pith that rotates around the nail, and close the supply port. You can configure it as you like.

When replenishing the preservative liquid, the former can be done by loosening and removing the wooden stopper 11, and the latter can be done by rotating the lid 12 horizontally about 90 times.

Although it is possible to replenish the preservative solution under the floor, it is more convenient to replenish the preservative solution from indoors by using a raised lid on the floor near the supply port. For replenishment, you can use a vinyl hand pump for refueling kerosene stoves or a similar electric pump.

The exposed part of the anchor bold 4 above the base 1 should be treated with a surface treatment similar to coating with a moisture-proof coating or other methods to prevent rust, or the pipe material 5 of the liquid storage tank should be extended to the top of the base. It's okay.

The liquid storage tank 3 may be provided on all foundations on which the foundation 6 is installed, or may be provided only on particularly humid areas.

For example, it may be installed only in areas that are expected to decay particularly quickly, such as areas that are poorly exposed to sunlight such as the north side of the building, or near rooms that use water such as the kitchen or bathroom.

14 is a washer, and 15 is a nut, both of which are subjected to the same rust prevention treatment as the anchor bolt 4 described above. Reference numeral 16 may be a column, 17 may be a joist, 18 may be a sill, 19 may be a sub-floor ground, and 20 may be an incised gravel construction, a gravel construction by other construction methods, a sand construction, or the like.

The upper end surface of the groundwork 20 is leveled and a waterproof sheet 23 is laid on it, and a holding concrete 24 is used to prevent the waterproof sheet from moving or being damaged, thereby forming an underfloor moisture-proof layer.

All the joints of the waterproof sheet 23 are welded to prevent moisture and moisture from passing through. Where it touches the surrounding fabric foundation,
It is adhered to the moisture-proof coating layer 2 on the side surface of the cloth foundation 1 using a vinyl chloride adhesive or the like.

The holding concrete 24 is compressed by the waterproof sheet 2 due to its own weight.
3, other construction methods such as leveling of crushed stone may be used.

Further, the waterproof sheet 23 may be formed by other construction methods as long as it can block the moisture emitted from the subfloor ground so that it does not leak into the space under the floor, and may also be constructed using other methods such as an asphalt waterproofing method or a rubber sheet waterproofing method. A film waterproofing method similar to 2 may also be used.

21 is a floorboard, 22 is a joist, and 25 is an outdoor ground.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the base 6 showing a configuration in which the supply port 9 is provided in a place where the joist hook 22 is not attached.

A modification of the liquid storage tank will be described with reference to FIG.

The liquid storage tank 26 is made of a chemical-resistant/oil-resistant sheet with an appropriate width and thickness, such as a soft vinyl chloride sheet, or other sheet material with the same performance, and is placed on the moisture-proof surface of the upper horizontal surface of the foundation 1. After laying it on the coating layer 2 and installing the base, bend the edges on both sides of the vinyl chloride sheet upwards, and fix the ends to the base 6 with anticorrosion-treated nails or the like using the ridges 27 to connect the gutter. The liquid storage tank 26 may be formed by forming the liquid storage tank 26 into a shape.

In this case as well, where the anchor bold 4 penetrates the liquid storage tank 26, a pipe material made of the same material is welded to a vinyl chloride sheet or the like of the liquid storage tank 26 to prevent leakage of the preservative liquid. This is the same as the explanation for tank 3.

In addition, the preservative solution supply port 9 should be used indoors when the area under the floor is too narrow to enter, when it is not possible to lift the lid of the floorboard, or when the preservative solution cannot be supplied from the indoor side due to other reasons. A supply port may be provided on the outside. An example will be explained with reference to FIG.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a supply lever fitted into the base 6 facing outdoors so as to be continuous with the hole 1o communicating with the groove 7, and made of chemical-resistant and oil-resistant material such as hard vinyl chloride pipe or other material. A collar made of the same material is welded to the center part, and is attached to the base 6 with anti-corrosion treated nails.

The outdoor end is connected to a funnel 29 made of the same material, and is removably covered with a cap 3o by screwing or the like. In addition, 31 is a robot 2 that supplies an exterior material 32.
This is caulking to prevent rainwater from entering from where 8 penetrates.

Also, when installing this outdoor supply outlet, choose a location that is not directly exposed to rain, such as under a bay window, under a door pocket, or under an eave. If there is no such rain protection, install a box-shaped or other type of rain protection to cover the supply port. Although not shown, this is to increase safety against rainwater intrusion.

Further, 33 is a base plate of the exterior material.

A modification of the groove 7 provided on the lower surface of the base 6 will be described with reference to FIG. The groove 7 can be easily made with an electric groove planer, etc., which is generally used when carving lintels, etc., but it is possible to make the groove 7 easily by attaching two narrow boards 34 to the underside of the base 6 with anti-rust nails, etc. , the gap may serve as the groove 7.

Furthermore, if a creosote oil or the like is used as the wood preservative solution, there is no need for surface treatment for rust prevention of the aforementioned anchor bolds, hardware nails, and the like.

Next, the structure of the floor bundle will be described as an example.

Referring to FIG. 10, the floor bundle is made of corrosion-resistant and insect-resistant material. This is a complicated piping system that replenishes preservative solution to wooden floor bundles that are generally installed (Special Publication Publication No. 50-104).
47) is omitted.

The floor bundle is constructed by using, for example, a hard vinyl chloride pipe 35 with a large diameter and wall thickness in the vertical direction, and flat plates 36 made of the same material and having a similar thickness welded to the upper and lower end surfaces.

The bundle stones 37 are made of concrete or the like, and the planar shape may be square or round. Install it at the required position, and align the surrounding incised gravel 20 or other soil with the height of the top surface of the pile stones 37 and firm it flat, and then cut the waterproof sheet 23 over the pile stones. Lay the top of the gravel land 20 in a series,
After the floor bundle is installed on the bundle stones 37, the holding concrete 24 is poured.

In addition, when using crushed stone paving instead of holding concrete, place concrete about the size of the bundle stones around the bottom of the floor bundle to prevent the lower part of the floor bundle from moving and lifting. to hold down. The top of the floor bundle is a plate material 3 for height adjustment
8 and fix it to the main drawer 18 with a nail.

Since the fabric foundation and other structures of the present invention are as described above, the preservative liquid is supplied to the groove 7 on the lower surface of the base 6 in the liquid storage tank 3 from the supply port 9 or the supply funnel 29, etc. When injected, the liquid is held in the liquid storage tank 3, flows into the gap between the base 6 and the liquid storage tank 3, and permeates into the base 6 from the entire lower surface of the base 6. Also, the lower part of the pillar 16 that is in contact with the foundation 6, the end of the main drawer 18, the lower part of the stud, the lower part of the brace, and the joist hook 2.
In the second class, the preservative solution penetrates into the wooden part of the lower member near the base 6.

As time passes, the lower part absorbs enough of the preservative solution, and the amount of liquid in the tank gradually decreases until it becomes empty. When the effect wears off, you can replenish it again.

When replenishing the preservative liquid, it is not possible to know the amount of liquid in the storage tank from the outside, but it is sufficient to replenish the preservative liquid until it overflows from the supply port 9. Therefore, even if the base 6 near the supply port becomes dirty,
It is located under the floor and does not harm the aesthetics.

Further, when replenishing the preservative liquid from the supply funnel 29, it is sufficient to replenish the liquid until the liquid accumulates in the funnel and no longer enters the funnel, and the outer wall will not be soiled.

All parts that replenish moisture under the floor, such as the indoor side of the cloth foundation and the subfloor ground surface, are coated with moisture-proof coating layer 2 or waterproof sheet 23.
Because it is moisture-proofed, it can be used to prevent large drawers, joists, etc. under the floor.
Even areas where the preservative solution cannot reach, such as floorboards, can be kept sufficiently air-dried, and together with areas around the foundation where the preservative solution can penetrate, can be protected from rotting fungi and insect damage.

In addition, even if the effectiveness of the preservative solution decreases after several years have passed after construction, the preservative solution can be replenished in general from a small number of supply ports 9, 29, etc. without requiring any response time. I can do it.

In this way, by penetrating the preservative solution and maintaining the air-dry condition, the lower members of wooden buildings almost never deteriorate. Therefore, this has the great effect of dramatically improving the durability of the wooden building as a whole.

Furthermore, there is no need to use a concrete foundation or to build columns directly on a cloth foundation, and there is no need to create a groove on the top of the foundation, which causes great inconvenience when pouring concrete.
In addition, there is no need for complicated expensive piping under the floor, and it can be easily constructed at low cost by simply placing a gutter-shaped liquid storage tank on a cloth foundation and applying moisture-proofing treatment to the underfloor.

Also, depending on the cost and the dryness and humidity of the site, it may be possible to apply only the preservative solution to the foundation, or apply it not only to the entire building, but also to the north side of the building, which has poor sunlight, and rooms that use water, such as the kitchen and bathroom. Even if you implement it only in nearby areas, or if you implement only the moisture-proof structure of the subfloor, each will have its own effects.

In particular, methods such as applying a moisture-proof coating layer on the foundation and waterproof sheeting on the subfloor can have the same great effects on wooden floors, even in buildings with structures other than wood.

In addition, all the parts necessary for construction work on site, from the lower parts such as the foundation to the upper parts, can be manufactured and processed in advance at the factory, and the positions of the pillars can be processed into the foundation in advance at the factory. Since construction work can be carried out without any change from conventional methods, it is extremely convenient to carry out various tasks at the construction site.

Further, although the floor bundle of the present invention is not made of wood, there is no problem because it is not a member that must be processed and placed before the above-mentioned erection work.

In addition, in two-by-four structures and similar wood panel structures, the members placed directly on the cloth foundation often use sapwood rather than heartwood, which has the disadvantage of being prone to rot. This eliminates the risk of rot or insect damage even if sapwood is used for the foundation, so there is no need to use expensive heartwood, which is extremely resource-saving and has a large economic effect. By simply replenishing the preservative solution intensively, the preservative solution can be infiltrated into the foundation and surrounding lower parts at any time, making post-construction maintenance easy and anyone can do it. There is also the effect of

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway view of a cloth foundation as an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the cloth foundation, foundation, etc. taken along line 1-1 in Fig. 4 is a front view showing a modification of the supply port closing method; FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the base portion of a modification of the supply port closing method; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the supply port portion of the foundation without the joists attached, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the base and liquid storage tank showing a modified example of the liquid storage tank, and Figure 8 is a modified example of the supply port. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the base etc. showing a modified example of the groove on the lower surface of the base for storing the preservative solution.
Figure 0 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of floor bundles, bundle stones, etc. In the figure, 7 and 8 are grooves provided on the bottom surface of the base, 6 is the base, and 3
・26 is a liquid storage tank, 2 is a waterproof coating layer, 1 is a cloth foundation, 20 is an incised gravel ground, 23 is a waterproof sheet, 24 is a holding concrete, 9 and 29 are supply ports, 4 is an anchor bold, 16
17 is the pillar, 17 is the joist, and 18 is the main drawer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A lower member of a wooden building having a groove on the lower surface that can accommodate a wood preservative solution, a liquid storage tank that covers the lower surface of the member, and a moisture-proof coating on the upper end surface and indoor side surface. It consists of a layered foundation, a waterproof sheet covering the upper end surface of the subflooring, a retaining material placed on top of it, and a floor bundle made of corrosion-resistant and termite-resistant material, and is stored in the groove of the lower member. A durable structure of a lower member of a wooden building, characterized by having a continuous supply port for a chemical solution. 2. Durability of the lower member in a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the lower member according to claim 1 is a foundation that is a part of the framework of the wooden building. structure. 3. The foundation described in claim 1 is a cloth foundation or an independent foundation for a wooden building, and is a foundation on which the foundation described in claim 2 is placed. Durable structure of lower members of wooden buildings. 4. The durable structure of a lower member in a wooden building as set forth in claim 1, wherein the holding member set forth in claim 1 is a holding concrete. 5. The floor bundle described in item 1 is a floor bundle that supports the wooden flooring of a building, etc., and is characterized by being a floor bundle made of hard-walled vinyl chloride pipes, etc. , a durable structure of a lower member in a wooden building according to claim 1.