JPS61502907A - water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] water heater This invention relates to a water heater suitable for use in domestic hot water supply.

More specifically, the invention is an "instantaneous" water heater, i.e. a hot water storage tank. but at high speeds, such as the 20 liters per minute typical for domestic hot water heating. A type of kettle that has a relatively powerful burner system that heats at a rate of It is related to staking equipment.

The object of the invention is to develop a new type of hot water bath which is compact, relatively simple in construction and inexpensive. It is to provide a boiler.

Another object of this invention is to provide a new method of controlling a water heater.

According to the present invention, a fuel-fired water heater is provided, which has a cold water inflow. a hollow elongated heat exchanger having a water pipe with an opening and a hot water outlet; a fuel supply means for supplying fuel and air into the interior of the heat exchanger; and means for repeatedly igniting the fuel at high speed.

Preferably, the fuel includes gas.

In the heat exchanger of this invention, the gas is pulsed or exploded within the heat exchanger. child The combustion method ensures a high degree of turbulence inside the heat exchanger, which As a result, the formation of a boundary layer on the heat exchanger surface is prevented, resulting in highly efficient heat exchange. will be carried out. The heat exchanger is relatively small due to the high efficiency of heat exchange. Therefore, the overall size of the kettle mold can be reduced accordingly.

The invention also provides a method for controlling an instantaneous water heater having a heat exchanger and a fuel bar. provide. This control method adjusts the temperature of the heat exchanger to the first level when there is no water flow in the heat exchanger. maintaining the temperature at a predetermined level; detecting the temperature of the heat exchanger; Relatively low temperature water flows into the heat exchanger, causing the detected temperature to drop below a predetermined level. and activating the fuel burner when the fuel burner is activated. .

Preferably the method includes the following steps. That is, the temperature between temperature A and temperature B generating a control signal relating to a difference, where temperature A is introduced into the cold water inlet; Temperature B is the temperature of the input water, and temperature B is the temperature of the hot water coming out from the hot water outlet or the cold water inlet. Preferably, the control signal (hereinafter referred to as The first control signal (referred to as the first control signal) is used to direct the gas flow to the pilot, and is The method includes the step of generating a second control signal relating to the temperature difference between temperatures A and C. where temperature C is the temperature of the hot water leaving the hot water outlet and temperature B is the temperature of the hot water leaving the cold water inlet. is detected at a location relatively close to the point of the spark, and further the point of the spark is detected in accordance with the second control signal. controlling the main flow of fuel to the afterburner;

In reality, temperature B is at a given distance along the heat exchanger from the cold water inlet. For example, the temperature at a quarter of the total length of the heat exchanger is selected, and the By detecting the temperature B at the hot water outlet, it is possible to The response time for controlling gas flow to the burner is faster.

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2--2.

FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of the water heater shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4--4.

FIG. 5 is a view taken along line 5--5.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a portion of the heat exchanger of the water heater.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7--7.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8--8.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a control circuit used in a water heater.

FIG. 10 shows another example of the control circuit.

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figures 12, 13, and 14 show the configuration of a heat exchanger that is a part of a water heater. Give an example.

FIG. 15 is a partially enlarged view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a partially enlarged view of still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a partial view of still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a partially enlarged view of still another embodiment of the present invention.

The water heater shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 has an exterior part 2 in which an elongated tubular A heat exchanger 4 is arranged. The heat exchanger is further placed inside the cylindrical case 6. The heat exchanger 4 and the case 6 are separated from each other, and the central part of the heat exchanger 4 and the heat Gas passages 8 and 10 are provided between the exchanger 4 and the inner wall of the case 6, respectively. There is. In case 6, to promote turbulence in spaces 8 and 10, and Small irregularities may be provided to separate the case 6 from the exterior portion 2. Exterior part 2 and A partition wall 12 is provided between the internal cases 6 over the entire length of the cases 6. . The case 6 is separated from the exterior part 2, and an air inflow passage 14 is formed on one side of the partition wall 12. A combustion product exhaust passage 16 is formed on the other side of the partition wall 12. The exterior part 2 is An intake grid 18 is provided near its upper end, which enters the air inflow path 14. Serves as an intake port for air. The exterior part contacts the exhaust passage 16 for exhausting combustion products. It has an exhaust pipe 20 that is connected to the exhaust pipe 20.

A fuel supply device 22 is provided below the heat exchanger 4, which includes a main gas outlet 24, Pilot nozzles 25 and 26, fan 30, fan motor 32 and air supply and an air supply device 28 consisting of a duct 34. The main vent 25 is a heat exchanger for water. It is ignited only when the water is flowing inside, but the pilot nozzle 26 is always ignited and the It is used to ignite the main pilot nozzle 25 as required, as will be explained in . main The spout 24 is connected to a gas pipe 36 having a solenoid valve 38.

An insulating layer 39 is provided on the outer wall of the case 6 and the inner wall of the exterior part 2, and Prevents heat loss and reduces noise from the burner. During pilot operation, passage 8 and 10 act as a heat retention section and prevent convection from escaping to the exhaust stack 20.

The heat exchanger 4 is a copper tube wrapped around a long and thin tubular heat exchanger as shown in FIG. It is equipped with As best shown in FIG. 6, the coil turns 40 are connected to each other. The space between the adjacent parts is filled with solder or brazing material, and the rotating part 40 is This prevents gas flow between the two. In a typical configuration, the tube has an outside diameter of 1/2 inch It is composed of a copper tubular part with a total length of, for example, 20 m. For example, the heat exchanger 4 is , having a length of 1.5 to 2 m and an outer diameter of 7 to 15 cm, as shown in Figure 1. The lower end of the heat exchanger 4 is connected to the cold water flower vibe 44 so that the The end is connected to a hot water outflow pipe 46.

As will be explained later, the repeated combustion of the gas is carried out by the combustion located at the bottom of the heat exchanger 4. This takes place in room 48. Air is introduced into the exterior part 2 through the grating 18 and through the passage 1 4 and is supplied to the fan 30. There, the air is passed through the duct 34 to the main outlet. It is sent to the bottom of the heat exchanger along with the inlet gas from 24. Combustion occurs in combustion chamber 48 The hot combustion gases rise through heat exchanger 4 and then into the bay of case 6. It hits the curved upper part 40, changes direction and descends. Combustion gas is at the bottom of case 6 Descend to a nearby point, turn around again at the entrance, ascend through passage 16, and then It is exhausted through the exhaust stack 20. The bottom of the case 6 is formed with a condensate drainage tray 52. , collects and discharges condensate from the heat exchanger 4. There is a water receptacle at the outlet of the tray 52 (Fig. (not shown) may be provided, which can reduce noise from the burner. At the same time, gas leakage can be prevented.

The connection relationship between the lower part of the heat exchanger 4, the jet nozzle 24, and the duct 34 is shown in FIG. Shown in detail. At the bottom of the heat exchanger 4, there is a flared opening 56 and a throat 5. 8 and a venturi member 54 having a tapered outlet 60. Be The throttle valve 54 controls the velocity of air and gas introduced from the duct and the jet port 24, respectively. It is intended to increase the degree of The introduction of the spout 24 and the duct 34 is such that air and gas The mixture is configured so that extensive mixing does not occur before being introduced into the combustion chamber 48; This prevents combustion from occurring at the spout 24 or within the venturi 54. is being kept.

To accomplish this, the ejection nozzle of duct 34 is provided with a jet nozzle, best shown in FIG. As shown, three protrusions 62, δ4.65 are provided. The spout 24 is Located directly above the central protrusion 64, the protrusions 62 and 66 on both sides allow the flow of clean air. Primarily serves to feed into the venturi member 54, thereby This prevents the air and gas from mixing prior to ejection from outlet 60 of. gas and sky When air is ejected from the outlet 60, rapid combustion occurs within the combustion chamber. Especially before combustion This occurs spontaneously if the walls of the heat exchanger 4 are heated during the second combustion. instead of the above In addition, the configuration of the pilot nozzle 25 may be configured to produce a relatively long flame. these The relatively long flame of is caused by air from the side projections 62 or 66. Mixing at the outlet of venturi member 54 induces combustion. Yet another method Then, a glow plug or a sparking electrode is provided in the combustion chamber 48 to induce combustion. It's okay. Combustion takes place very rapidly, due to the small size of the material introduced into the combustion chamber. It can be seen as an explosion. The associated high pressure causes the combustion gases to rise along pipe 4 At the same time, the pressure forcibly guides the combustion gas in the direction of the outlet 60 of the venturi member. Generates a wave of force. The high pressure at the outlet 50 causes the spout 24 and the air Gas flow from duct 34 through the venturi member is stopped. Actually a venturi A small amount of combustion gases may leak from the member inlet 56, but this is not critical.

In any case, such combustion gases are sent to fan 30 and passed through air duct 34. I'll be back. The main flow of combustion gases rising along the heat exchanger 4 is producing the effect of reducing the pressure at the outlet 60 of the tube member, so that the gas Gas and air flow into the combustion chamber, causing another rapid explosion. This rhythmic combustion process The process continues independently. The combustion cycle is determined by the length and diameter of the heat exchanger 4, and the venturi section. Characteristics of material 54, flow rate and pressure of air and gas from duct 34 and spout 24 It is determined by many factors such as Typically, the period is 50 to 100 times per second. It consists of waves. As a result of repeated explosions of gas and air within the combustion chamber 48, the heat exchanger 4 The formation of a boundary layer of combustion products that tends to occur on the inner walls of the heat exchanger reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanger. Virtually preventable. Therefore, heat exchange is very efficient in the water heater of the present invention. It is carried out in a regular manner.

Connected to the upper part 50 of the case 6 to increase the turbulent flow conditions in the upper part of the heat exchanger 4 A plurality of baffle plates 68 may be suspended from the rod 70 . illustrated In the configuration, venturi member 54 has an upper portion engaged with the inner wall of heat exchanger 4 and It is supported by lower spiders 72 and 74. spider heat exchanger 4 and the venturi member 54 has an effect on the "resonant state" of combustion within the combustion chamber 48. It is used because it has been shown through experiments that the

In experiments with a prototype of this device, the spout 24 had a diameter of 4.8 mm, and It had an opening with a flow rate of 1,000 btu (British thermal units). Fan 30 is By using a 2- or 3-inch water level gauge, for example, pump air at a rate of 2.8 m3 per minute. There is.

In a preferred form of controlling the water heater, the inlet water temperature is controlled by the cold water inlet pipe 44. It is detected by the connected first sensor 76. The second sensor 78 is connected to the heat exchanger 4 It is connected to the outer wall of the heat exchanger at a position 25% from the bottom of the total length of the heat exchanger.

Sensors 76 and 78 are connected to a control circuit 80 that generally operates as follows. . Circuit 80 includes means for detecting the temperature difference between sensors 76 and 78 and It operates to open the idle valve 38 and the temperature difference is below a predetermined level. When the fan motor 32 is operated to cause combustion, the water flowing to the heat exchanger 4 is Heat. Conversely, if the temperature difference is above a certain level, the solenoid valve 38 is closed, fan motor 32 is turned off, and no combustion occurs. Alternative to the above Additionally, the fan may be operated continuously while water is flowing to the heat exchanger 4. This person The law regulates the temperature rise at the location where the sensor 78 is connected to the heat exchanger, As a result, the overall temperature A in the heat exchanger 4 is regulated. In this way , during operation the gas supply to the burner is regulated and sensors 76 and 78 are connected. The desired temperature rise between the positions can be obtained. When the water flow stops, sensor 7 8 increases significantly, solenoid valve 38 closes and fan motor 32 is turned off. The temperature of the sensor 78 is kept relatively high by the heat from the pilot spout 26. It may also be kept warm to prevent combustion from occurring until hot water is next desired. stomach. In this case, when cold water flows into inlet 44, the cold water reaches second sensor 78. Then, the sensor 78 is rapidly cooled to cause combustion to occur again, and hot water is supplied.

As a result of placing the second sensor 78 midway along the length of the heat exchanger, the second sensor 78 For example, compared to the case where the vibrator 46 is installed on the outlet side, heat exchange is performed until a request for hot water is detected. Only a relatively small amount of water needs to be run through the exchanger.

An example of a control circuit for performing control is shown in FIG. This circuit is mains power including input terminals 82 and 84 connected to the It is connected to a voltage transformer 86 whose secondary winding supplies 24 volts of AC power to line 88. supply The control circuit includes a DC power supply 90 connected to lines 92 and 94. They provide 12 and 24 volts of power, respectively. Sensors 76 and 78 are diodes , and these diodes are connected through bias resistors 96 and 98 as shown. forward biased by a connection between the 12 volt and 24 volt power supplies. . These diodes are housed within a thermally conductive case (not shown) and The inherent temperature-sensing characteristics of the diode cause the current to change depending on the temperature the diode is exposed to. It depends on how small it is. The change in current in the diode is the positive current of the differential amplifier 100. and reflected in the change in voltage across bias resistors 96 and 98 applied to the negative input. It will be done. The output of the differential amplifier 100 is connected to the input of the comparator 102 via the variable resistor 104. connected to. Comparator] The reference inputs for 02 are 12 volts and 24 volts as shown. It is derived from a variable resistor 106 connected between the volt power supply lines. Comparator 1 The output of 02 is connected to the gate electrode 1 of the triac 110 via the light emitting diode 112. Connected to 08. One side of the triac 110 is grounded and the other side is connected to the relay coil 1. 14 to the AC power line 88, and the contacts of the relay coil are connected to the solenoid In addition to controlling the idle valve 38, the power supply to the fan motor 32 is also controlled.

The control circuit operates as follows. sensors 76 and 78 are equal to the quasi-signal, or An equally significant amount of output results from differential amplifier 100. Therefore, comparator 10 The output of 2 is low to trigger the triac 110 or ignite the light emitting diode 112. does not cause However, there is no difference in temperature between sensors 76 and 78; If there is little or no output, the output of the differential amplifier will be zero or low, and compared to There is a considerable difference between the reference level applied to the device 102 and the reference level applied to the device 102. In this case, the comparison The output of the device 102 goes high to trigger the triac 110 and the light emitting diode 1. Start 12 ignitions. The reference level for comparator 102 is set by changing variable resistor 106. The user can select by changing the setting of the variable resistor. effectively controls a preset temperature difference between sensors 76 and 78, resulting in Controls the rise in water temperature in the strainer. As shown by the broken line, the variable resistor 106 A convenient control that allows the user to select the desired temperature rise in the water heater away from the control circuit. You may also choose to exercise control.

The circuit shown connects the output of differential amplifier 100 to one input of second comparator 118. It shows that it is being done. Its reference input is connected to the variable resistor 106 as before. has been done.

The output from comparator 118 is connected to second triac 1 via light emitting diode 124. 22 gate circuits 120. Triac 122 is the second relay coil The contacts of the coil are connected to the power line of the main nozzle 25. control a solenoid valve (not shown).

The operation of this part of the circuit is similar to the previous part, and its action is related to the main spout 24. The purpose is to operate the main pilot jet 25 in a controlled manner. For example, the main The fire spout 25 is opened for a predetermined period, for example 1.2 seconds before operating the main spout 24. When the main injection port 24 operates, combustion occurs in the combustion chamber 48. I guarantee that this will happen. Similarly, the main vent 25 is operated according to the detected temperature. Alternatively, the main ejection port 24 may be operated at all times prior to operation of the main ejection port 24.

Another configuration is to connect the output of differential amplifier 100 to the input of a buffer amplifier (not shown). In this case, the buffer amplifier is connected to a modulating, i.e. working coil. Solenoid valves where the flow of gas depends on the voltage or current applied to the valve. 38. A desirable example of a modulating valve is Australian Patent Application No. It is disclosed in PG 3749/84. Another example is the current-controlled bimechanical Tal modulating valves can also be used. Control in such a configuration is similar to the control described above. It will be similar. In other words, the temperature difference between sensors 76 and 78 When becomes large, the solenoid valve is turned off. When the difference decreases, the soleno The idle valve opens at a predetermined point, and the degree of opening is inversely proportional to the temperature difference. When the temperatures detected by 76 and 78 become the same, the fully open state is reached.

In yet another configuration, a third sensor 77 may be provided on the hot water outflow vibe 46. . In this case, the function of the third sensor 77 is determined when a repetitive combustion operation is started in the combustion chamber 48. control of the fuel supply system 22 is taken over from the sensor 78.

Sensor 77 has a similar relationship to sensor 78 in the circuit of FIG. after sensor 78 reaches a certain temperature, or after sensor 77 reaches a certain temperature. If the temperature reaches a predetermined level, it is configured to begin operation after a predetermined period of time. Ru. This composite configuration allows the sensor 78 located relatively close to the inlet side vibrator 44 to While maintaining a quick response, the sensor 77 on the exit side vibrator 46 starts the repetitive combustion operation. It has the advantage of ensuring active and fast regulation of the temperature when

Sensor 77 is also used for temperature detection and provides a signal to fuel supply system 22 when temperature is detected. The flow of gas may be stopped.

The circuit shown in Figure 10 uses three sensors 76, 77 and 78 for control functions. It is configured to do the following.

゛In this configuration, the differential amplifier 100 and the comparator 102 are connected to the sensor as in the circuit of FIG. 76 and 78. However, this circuit is connected via bias resistor 160. A third dazzler with a sensor 77 connected between the 24 volt and 12 volt power supplies. It has an iode. A second differential amplifier 162 couples sensors 76 and 77 to in resistors 96 and 160 caused by temperature changes in diodes 76 and 77. responds to changes in voltage. The output of amplifier 162 is connected to one input of comparator 164. Continued. The other input of comparator 164 was grounded from potentiometer 106. It is connected to the serial branch line 107. In this way, potentiometer 106 The reference levels provided to comparators 102 and 164 from the above are always at a constant ratio. Po Adjustment of tensionometer 106 controls when the main burner is activated. , thus the output temperature is controlled. The outputs of comparators 102 and 164 are diodes. It is connected to a junction 168 between 170 and 172.

The configuration is such that whichever output of comparator 102 or 164 is more active The ode is forward biased and increases the voltage at node 168 to create a triac. 112 switching gels are operated. At the reference line 107 Bias resistor 174 is selected to be generally linear along the length of heat exchanger 4. Comparator 102 if the water heater is differential enough to establish a temperature gradient. The voltage at the reference inputs for and 164 corresponds to the temperature at sensors 78 and 77, respectively. It is made to be in the same proportion as the degree. For example, if sensor 78 is When it is at 5%, the reference voltage of comparator 10゛2 is 0.25V. , where V is the voltage reference provided to comparator 164. Steady state operation In order to control the sensor 77 when the trim adjustment circuit 163 is The reference input to amplifier 1 (10) is adjusted to the linear temperature along heat exchanger 4. For example, in a gradient than its corresponding valve.

only less. This causes comparator 164 to typically The sensor 77 becomes more active and ensures that the combustion is controlled by the heat exchanger. The temperature gradient along the line can be effectively varied by adjusting the potentiometer 10fli. As a result, the reference inputs to comparators 102 and 164 can be Make corresponding changes. By this course adjustment, the flow from the exit side vibrator 46 The temperature of the water is adjusted. Temperature rise along the heat exchanger deviates from a predetermined linear function For example, if the water temperature detected by sensor 78 is lower than the corresponding linear function, Differential amplifier 100 produces a large output and comparator 102 is used to achieve a predetermined level. to increase the voltage at node 168 and bias diode 172 in the reverse direction. The triac 122 is thereby controlled by the sensor 78. this The control method is performed when the water heater starts operating, that is, when cold water passes through the inlet side vibrator 44. It can be seen that this is suitable for the case where the heat exchanger 4 flows into the heat exchanger 4.

The circuit shown in FIG. 10 further includes another comparator 176 whose one output is connected to amplifier 1 62 and the other input is determined by resistors 178 and 179 and located at has a reference level corresponding to a given elevated temperature level, and at this given elevated temperature level comparator 176 overrides comparators 102 and 164 and lowers the level at node 168 to trigger Liac 122 is prevented from triggering. To achieve this, compare The output of device 176 is connected to node 168 via diode 180.

The circuit shown in FIG. 10 further includes a differential amplifier 182 whose one side output is time-delayed. to the connection point 168 via a resistor 184 and a capacitor 186, which function as Connected.

In this way, the output of amplifier 186 follows the level of node 168, which is This is done after a predetermined delay caused by RC coupling. The output of amplifier 182 is Connected to the gate electrode of RIAC 188. In the circuit shown, the triac 1 88 controls, for example, a fan and a solenoid valve for the main pilot nozzle 25. It can be used to connect a circuit to relay coil 190. triac 188 connects the solenoid valve 38 in the gas path to the main gas outlet 24. The supply of power is controlled to a relay coil 192 having a contact point to be controlled. this In this way, the main nozzle 24 is activated after a predetermined period of time after the main nozzle and the fan are driven. Start operation.

Many modifications will be possible to those skilled in the art. For example, the burner device 28 can be It may be placed in the upper part of the heat exchanger 4 to cause the combustion to occur downward in the heat exchanger. child In the method described above, the condensate liquid flows along the heat exchanger 4 at or near the dew point of the combustion gas. This has the advantage of preventing the build-up of corrosive deposits that can occur beyond the point. This structure It will of course be necessary to change the positions of sensors 76 and 78 if . The sensor 78 is installed on the exit side vibe 46, and the sensor 76 is placed on the length of the heat exchanger 4. It could be placed in 25% of the locations. Another method is water flow. You can reverse the direction so that cold water enters from the top and hot water exits from the bottom. At this time, the sensor 36 is installed again at the cold water inlet, and the sensor 78 is placed 25% below the heat exchanger 4. It can be installed at the location.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an instantaneous water heater constructed in accordance with the present invention. It is. Parts corresponding to those described with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 1 have the same reference numerals. The number is used.

In the configuration shown in FIG. It has a portion 160. The cold water inlet 44 is connected to the lowermost pivot portion 164 of the outer portion 162. connected to. A transfer section 166 connects the upper turns of sections 160 and 162. warm The hot water outlet vibe 46 is connected to the lowermost pivot of the inner portion 160.

The water heater functions similarly to the venturi member disclosed with respect to the embodiment of FIG. A venturi member 54 is included. Gas and air are the fuel supplies in Figures 3, 4 and 5. A fuel supply system (not shown) similar to supply system 22 supplies venturi member 54. be provided. The gas and fuel supplied through the venturi member 54 enter the combustion chamber 48. This causes rapid repeated combustion, and the products of the diffusing combustion are inside the heat exchanger. It impinges on section 160 and an end plate 168 hanging at its upper end. the As a result, the only flow path for the combustion products from combustion chamber 48 is internal, as shown by arrow 172. a tubular tube between the interior of side portion 160 and the tapered outlet 60 of venturi member 54; Only the gas passage 170 is left. The inner periphery of the water heater engages with the tapered outlet 60. an annular guide surface 17 whose outer periphery engages the inner side surface of the outer portion 162 of the heat exchanger; It has 4. A guide surface 174 directs combustion products from passageway 170 to the inside of the heat exchanger and It serves to guide an annular passageway 176 between outer portions 160 and 162. It was burned there. The calcined product ascends an annular passage 176 and transfers heat to the inner and outer portions 160 of the heat exchanger. and 162 thereby heating the water flowing thereto. Then the combustion products is the outer surface of the case 6 and the outer portion 162 of the heat exchanger as shown by arrow 18 (l). into a further annular passageway 178 between. The combustion products descend there and again The heat is released to the outer portion 162 of the heat exchanger. The combustion products then enter the outlet passage 16. The air enters the air and exits through the exhaust pipe 20. The water heater has passages 176 to 178. An annular guiding surface 182 is provided to assist in transporting combustion products.

In the configuration shown, an insulating layer 184 is provided at the bottom of the exterior part 2 and this insulating layer is provided on the guiding surface. 174 to prevent heat loss in the downward direction. Insulating layer 184 is gold A layer 186 of metal foil is covered to prevent water from being absorbed into the insulating material. Similarly, case On top of the base is a layer 188 of insulating material covered with a metal foil 190. Absolutely Edge layer 188 prevents heat loss through the top of the case.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner and outer portions 160 and 16 of the heat exchanger The length of 2 is approximately 285mm, and the inner diameter of these two parts is 62mm and 62mm, respectively. and 95mm. These parts are preferably formed of tubes with an outer diameter of 2 Qmm, and each Each length has approximately 16 turns.

The tapered outlet 60 has a diameter of 50 to 60 mm at its free end and is about 200 m. It has a length of m. The width of the annular passageway 178 is approximately 6 to 7 mm; The diameter is approximately 224 mm.

The method of controlling the embodiment of FIG. 11 is as described in connection with FIGS. 1 through 10. It may be the same as . In a preferred embodiment, however, a thermistor connected to outlet 44 Control is performed from the star 76, and the thermistor 78 becomes unnecessary. ing.

FIG. 12 schematically shows another arrangement for inducing turbulence in the heat exchanger 4. FIG. this In this configuration, instead of the rod 70 and the baffle plate 68, the heat exchanger is incorporated into the heat exchanger 4. The outlet pipe is inserted inside the converter from the top over a significant portion of its length. A helical portion 130 of tubing forming 46 is used. Instead of this, a baffle plate can be used. May be used.

FIG. 13 shows that a portion of the tube 132 is rotated to the outside of the tube to provide communication between the heat exchanger 4 and the case 6. 10 illustrates other configurations that help promote turbulence in channel 10.

Still another configuration is shown in FIG. 14, in which the heat exchanger 4 extends along its length. The diameter is not constant along the length, promoting turbulence in the heat exchanger 4 and the passages 10. A number of constrictions 134 are formed to help.

FIG. 15 shows still another example of the present invention. In this configuration, the venturi section 54 is It is surrounded by a cylindrical sleeve 140, and the upper part of the sleeve is connected to the tape of the venturi member. It is connected to a flared outlet 60 whose bottom is connected to a flared opening 56 .

The space between cylinder 160 and venturi member 54 is filled with insulating material 142. Ru. A space 144 is left between the cylinder 140 and the inner wall of the heat exchanger 4.

The space 144 has something to do with the rhythmic combustion in the chamber 48 and the efficiency of the operation of the water heater. I know there is a connection. A portion of the gas burned in the combustion chamber 48 is indicated by an arrow 146. It is thought that this is because it descends through the space 144 as shown. this space The heated gas inside heats the water flowing below the coil. Furthermore, the space 14 The gas flowing into the combustion chamber 48 has a favorable influence on the "resonance state" of the gas in the combustion chamber 48, and the combustion Helps give reliability to indoor repetitive combustion. Downward flow of combustion products 146 is diverted by tray 52 and merges with the gas descending down passage 10. and ascend the passage 16.

The configuration shown in FIG. 16 is similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 13 except for the following points. sand That is, the cylinder 140 is made shorter and the insulating material 142 is removed so that the venturi member 5 4 and the inner wall of the cylinder 140 an open chamber 148 is formed. This room 14 It is clear that 8 has a favorable effect on the repeated combustion of gas in the combustion chamber 48. It has become.

The configuration shown in FIG. 17 is yet another example, in which the combustion chamber 48 is shown in FIG. It is not provided near the bottom of the heat exchanger 4, but rather near the center of the heat exchanger 4. It is.

The venturi 54 is provided within the tubular member 150, and the lower end of the tubular member 150 is 52. Fuel supply device 22 is an elongate tube extending within tubular member 150. The main spout 24 has a tubular portion 152 and a venturi member 5 similar to the configuration shown in FIG. Provided directly below the flared inlet for 4. Combustion occurs within the combustion chamber 48. As a result, most of the combustion products rise through the space 8 and a small part of the combustion products The minute flows downward between the heat exchanger 4 and the tubular member 150, and the inside of the heat exchanger 4 Heat exchange takes place in the area between 50 and 50°C. The downward flow 146 of combustion products is Change direction and go up the exit side passage 16.

Figure 18 shows another configuration in which the heat exchangers 4 are staggered as shown. It is formed by a pair of coils designated by letters A and B with turned parts 40 and 41. ing. In this configuration, one side of the coil is used for domestic hot water supply and the other side is used for heating plates and It can be used in heating systems such as beam-pipe heating systems. heating The water for the system can be recirculated and thus separate from domestic hot water supply. Can be kept in the circuit. In this configuration, water is low when the burner is lit. If the current is flowing through one of the coils, both coils A and B will be heated, and the other coil will be heated. When the coil is activated, it not only burns the gas in the combustion chamber 48 but also conducts the adjacent coil. Therefore, it can receive heat. Such a configuration is suitable for the components used in heating systems. Particularly useful when the water heater is in operation and the domestic water heater is used as needed. It is.

In such cases, the water in the coil for the water heater is already heated and the hot water supply is very hot. It can be done quickly. By appropriate switching operations in the control circuit, Garden water heater coils may be used in preference to heating system coils. I can do it. That is, if hot water is required, the heating system The flow in the gas is stopped, thereby allowing the hot water coil to absorb virtually all of the heat from the combustion of the gas. In addition to taking in all of the heat from the conduction of adjacent coils, Can be done.

Other fuels, such as petroleum or coal dust, may also be burned. Oil-ignited configuration uses oil instead of gas.

Many more applications may be devised by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the invention. cormorant.

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Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A fuel-burning water heater, Hollow heat exchanger with water pipes having a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet, said heat exchanger a fuel supply means for supplying fuel and air inside the heat exchanger; and a fuel supply means for supplying fuel and air inside the heat exchanger; A water heater equipped with a means for repeatedly igniting water at high speed. 2. A water heater claimed in claim 1, wherein the piping is spirally wound. A water heater containing tubes forming a heat exchanger. 3. The water heater claimed in claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger is an elongated hollow body. A water heater with a cylindrical shape. 4. The water heater claimed in claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger includes an inner part and a heat exchanger. outer parts are formed, these parts are generally cylindrical in shape, and inner parts are formed by outer parts. The combustion of the fuel takes place within the inner part of the heat exchanger. hot water in which the product is forced to pass through an annular gap between the inner and outer parts of the heat exchanger Boiler. 5. The water heater claimed in claim 4, wherein the ignition is repeated at high speed. The means for raising includes a venturi member, the venturi member being within the heat exchanger. Has an outlet opening inside the side part to allow fuel and air into the inside part during the conduction cycle. Pumping, flow through the venturi member after ignition of air and fuel in the combustion cycle A water heater that operates to virtually stop the water from flowing. 6. The water heater claimed in claim 5, wherein the fuel supply means is a main fuel supply device. It has a fan for supplying air to the inlet and the venturi member, and the venturi member A hot water tank constructed in such a way that there is no substantial mixing of air and fuel until the air and fuel are discharged. Boiler. 7. The water heater claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner part of the heat exchanger is A water heater containing a pilot spout for igniting fuel and air in the water heater. 8. The water heater claimed in claim 7, wherein the pilot nozzle is a heat exchanger. A water heater that operates to maintain a portion of the temperature above a predetermined level. 9. The water heater claimed in claim 1, which also has a cooling water inlet at the cold water inlet. is at the first temperature detection part and the hot water outlet, which are thermally conductive with the piping in the vicinity. or a temperature control having a second temperature detection part that is thermally conductive with the piping in the vicinity thereof means, and the temperature of the second detection section and the first detection section is determined by comparing the outputs of the detection section. If the difference is less than a predetermined value, the fuel supply means supplies fuel and air for combustion. If the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined value, the fuel supply means will supply fuel and air for combustion. A water heater containing means for preventing the supply of air. 10. A water heater as claimed in claim 9, which includes a pilot spout and which When no water is flowing in the pipe, the pilot nozzle sets the second temperature detection part to a relatively high temperature. Maintain the temperature difference between the second and first temperature detection parts by the above number when no water is flowing in the pipe. When the cold water flows into the pipe, the temperature of the second temperature detection part will drop. A water heater in which the control means causes combustion within the heat exchanger. 11. A method for controlling an instantaneous water heater with a heat exchanger and a fuel burner. , the temperature of the heat exchanger is brought to a first predetermined level when there is no water flow within the heat exchanger. a step of keeping the temperature of the heat exchanger, and a step of detecting the temperature of the heat exchanger, and The fuel burner is turned off when the detected temperature as a result of flowing into the exchanger falls below a predetermined level. A method including the step of driving. 12. The method claimed in claim 11, comprising: a temperature between temperature A and temperature B; generating a control signal for the difference, where temperature A enters the cold water inlet; Temperature B is the temperature of the hot water leaving the hot water outlet or the temperature of the hot water leaving the hot water inlet and the hot water flow. temperature at one point of the water pipe between the outlets and the temperature at one point of the water pipe between the outlets and A method comprising the steps of controlling fuel flow in a nahe. 13. The method claimed in claim 12, wherein the control signal (hereinafter the first control signal) is used to direct the flow of gas to the pilot flame, and the method is carried out at a temperature A generating a second control signal relating to the temperature difference between C and C; Here, temperature C is the temperature of water leaving the hot water outlet, and temperature B is relatively close to the cold water inlet. is detected, and furthermore, according to the second signal, the main signal to the burner after ignition of the starter is detected. A method comprising controlling the flow of fuel. 14. 13. The method claimed in claim 13, wherein the temperature B is a heat source from a cold water inlet A point at a predetermined distance along the exchanger, e.g. one quarter of the total length of the heat exchanger The difference in temperature between the water temperature at the cold water inlet and the water temperature at the hot water outlet is detected. This method ensures that the numerical value is almost the same as the temperature difference.