JP2013100983A - Pulse combustor and instantaneous water heater - Google Patents

Pulse combustor and instantaneous water heater Download PDF

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JP2013100983A
JP2013100983A JP2013005591A JP2013005591A JP2013100983A JP 2013100983 A JP2013100983 A JP 2013100983A JP 2013005591 A JP2013005591 A JP 2013005591A JP 2013005591 A JP2013005591 A JP 2013005591A JP 2013100983 A JP2013100983 A JP 2013100983A
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combustion chamber
pipe
pulse combustor
tail pipe
combustion
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Hideo Chikasawa
英雄 近澤
Hideki Kijimoto
秀樹 雉本
Tsuneyasu Hayakawa
恒靖 早川
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Paloma Co Ltd
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Paloma Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use a pulse combustor as a heat exchanger like an instantaneous water heater.SOLUTION: The pulse combustor includes: a combustion chamber which combusts an air-fuel mixture of fuel gas and combustion air; and a tail pipe 9 which is connected to the combustion chamber and sends the fuel gas generated in the combustion chamber. The tail pipe 9 is formed by being wound with helically-wound narrow pipes 11 through which fluids flow. Heat exchange is performed between the fluids in the narrow pipes 11 and the combustion gas in the tail pipe 9.

Description

本発明は、燃料ガスと燃焼用空気との混合気を燃焼室で脈動的に燃焼させるパルス燃焼器と、そのパルス燃焼器を用いた瞬間湯沸器とに関する。   The present invention relates to a pulse combustor that pulsatically burns an air-fuel mixture of fuel gas and combustion air in a combustion chamber, and an instantaneous water heater using the pulse combustor.

パルス燃焼器は、特許文献１に示すように、燃料ガスと燃焼用空気とが供給される混合室と、その混合室に接続されて混合気が燃焼する燃焼室と、その燃焼室に接続され、燃焼室で生じた燃焼ガスを送り出すテールパイプとを備えたものが知られている。すなわち、混合室から燃焼室に供給された混合気に点火手段で点火して爆発的燃焼させると、燃焼ガスがテールパイプへ送り出され、燃焼ガスの排気によって負圧となる燃焼室に、混合室から混合気が供給され、テールパイプからの戻り火によって再び爆発的燃焼が生じる、というように、爆発的燃焼が脈動的に繰り返されるものである。   As shown in Patent Document 1, the pulse combustor is connected to a mixing chamber to which fuel gas and combustion air are supplied, to a combustion chamber connected to the mixing chamber and in which the air-fuel mixture burns, and to the combustion chamber. Also known is a tail pipe that sends out combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber. That is, when the air-fuel mixture supplied from the mixing chamber to the combustion chamber is ignited by the igniting means and explosively burned, the combustion gas is sent to the tail pipe, and the combustion chamber becomes negative pressure due to exhaust of the combustion gas. Explosive combustion is repeated in a pulsating manner, such that an air-fuel mixture is supplied from the exhaust pipe and explosive combustion occurs again due to a return fire from the tail pipe.

特開平８−１４５０９号公報JP-A-8-14509

このようなパルス燃焼器は、燃焼室の容積が大きいことで、貯湯式湯沸器やゆで麺器、フライヤーというように、貯留した液体をある程度の時間をかけて加熱する加熱手段として専ら利用されている。しかし、パルス燃焼器は、瞬間湯沸器に用いられる伝熱管と伝熱フィンとからなる熱交換器に比べて低ＮＯｘである上、熱効率も高いという利点があるため、瞬間湯沸器の熱交換器として使用できれば望ましい。   Such a pulse combustor is used exclusively as a heating means for heating a stored liquid over a certain period of time, such as a hot water storage water heater, a boiled noodle device, or a fryer, due to the large volume of the combustion chamber. ing. However, the pulse combustor has the advantages of low NOx and high thermal efficiency compared to the heat exchanger composed of heat transfer tubes and heat transfer fins used in the instantaneous water heater. It is desirable if it can be used as an exchanger.

そこで、本発明は、低ＮＯｘで高熱効率という利点を享受でき、瞬間湯沸器の熱交換器としての利用が可能なパルス燃焼器と、そのパルス燃焼器を用いた瞬間湯沸器とを提供することを目的とするものである。   Therefore, the present invention provides a pulse combustor that can enjoy the advantages of low NOx and high thermal efficiency and can be used as a heat exchanger for an instantaneous water heater, and an instantaneous water heater using the pulse combustor. It is intended to do.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、燃料ガスと燃焼用空気との混合気を燃焼させる燃焼室と、その燃焼室に接続され、燃焼室で生じた燃焼ガスを送り出すテールパイプとを含むパルス燃焼器であって、燃焼室及び／又はテールパイプの少なくとも一部を、細管を螺旋状に巻回して形成し、細管に流体を通過させることで、細管内の流体と、燃焼室及び／又はテールパイプ内の燃焼ガスとの間で熱交換可能としたことを特徴とするものである。
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１の構成において、細管での形成部分の外周に、当該形成部分を覆う外胴を設けたことを特徴とするものである。
請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１又は２の構成において、細管に、燃焼室及び／又はテールパイプの内側に向けてフィンを立設したことを特徴とするものである。
上記目的を達成するために、請求項４に記載の発明は、加熱手段を備えた熱交換器に給水管と出湯管とを接続し、給水管から供給される水を熱交換器で加熱して出湯管から出湯する瞬間湯沸器であって、熱交換器に請求項１乃至３の何れかに記載のパルス燃焼器を用いて、細管の一端に給水管を、他端に出湯管を夫々接続したことを特徴とするものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is directed to a combustion chamber for burning an air-fuel mixture of fuel gas and combustion air, and to send out the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber connected to the combustion chamber. A pulse combustor including a tail pipe, wherein at least a part of the combustion chamber and / or the tail pipe is formed by spirally winding a thin tube, and fluid is passed through the thin tube, thereby The heat exchange with the combustion gas in the combustion chamber and / or the tail pipe is possible.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, an outer body that covers the formation portion is provided on the outer periphery of the formation portion of the narrow tube.
A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the configuration of the first or second aspect, fins are erected on the narrow tube toward the inside of the combustion chamber and / or the tail pipe.
In order to achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention is to connect a water supply pipe and a tapping pipe to a heat exchanger provided with heating means, and heat the water supplied from the water supply pipe with the heat exchanger. An instantaneous water heater for discharging water from a tapping pipe, wherein the pulse combustor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used as a heat exchanger, and a water supply pipe is provided at one end of the narrow pipe and a tapping pipe is provided at the other end. It is characterized by being connected to each other.

本発明によれば、パルス燃焼器を熱交換器として利用可能となり、低ＮＯｘと高い熱効率とが達成可能となる。
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、請求項１の効果に加えて、外胴の採用により、細管で燃焼室等を形成しても排気漏れが効果的に防止できる。
請求項３に記載の発明によれば、請求項１又は２の効果に加えて、フィンの採用により、燃焼ガスとの接触面積が大きくなって熱効率のさらなる向上に繋がる。 According to the present invention, the pulse combustor can be used as a heat exchanger, and low NOx and high thermal efficiency can be achieved.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, by adopting the outer body, exhaust leakage can be effectively prevented even if a combustion chamber or the like is formed by a thin tube.
According to the third aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the first or second aspect, the use of fins increases the contact area with the combustion gas, leading to further improvement in thermal efficiency.

瞬間湯沸器の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of an instant water heater. パルス燃焼器の変更例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of a change of a pulse combustor. パルス燃焼器の変更例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of a change of a pulse combustor. 瞬間湯沸器の変更例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the example of a change of an instant water heater. 瞬間湯沸器の変更例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the example of a change of an instant water heater.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図１に示す瞬間湯沸器１において、２はパルス燃焼器で、エアチャンバ４の前面（図１の右側）には燃焼室３が設けられて、燃焼室３には、エアチャンバ４の内部に設けた混合室５が接続されている。この混合室５には、ガス管６及びガスチャンバ７を介して燃料ガスが供給可能となっており、さらにエアチャンバ４に接続したファン８によって燃焼用空気が供給可能となっている。
また、燃焼室３の側面には、蛇行状に折曲されるテールパイプ９が接続されている。１０は、エアチャンバ４の前面に連結されて燃焼室３及びテールパイプ９を覆うケーシングで、テールパイプ９の終端（下流側）は、ケーシング１０の外に突出して図示しないデカプラ及び排気管に接続される。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the instantaneous water heater 1 shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 2 denotes a pulse combustor, and a combustion chamber 3 is provided in front of the air chamber 4 (right side in FIG. 1). Is connected to the mixing chamber 5. Fuel gas can be supplied to the mixing chamber 5 via the gas pipe 6 and the gas chamber 7, and combustion air can be supplied by a fan 8 connected to the air chamber 4.
Further, a tail pipe 9 that is bent in a serpentine shape is connected to the side surface of the combustion chamber 3. Reference numeral 10 denotes a casing that is connected to the front surface of the air chamber 4 and covers the combustion chamber 3 and the tail pipe 9. The tail pipe 9 has a terminal end (downstream side) protruding outside the casing 10 and connected to a decoupler and an exhaust pipe (not shown). Is done.

また、パルス燃焼器２の燃焼室３及びテールパイプ９の外面には、細管１１が巻回されている。この細管１１は、燃焼室３の根元から略全面に対して螺旋状に、且つテールパイプ９の接続部位を除いて密着状態で巻回した後、テールパイプ９の直管部分９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃを順番に螺旋状且つ密着状態で巻回した一本管で、この細管１１における燃焼室３の根元側の始端が給水管１２に、テールパイプ９の直管部分９ｃに巻回した終端が出湯管１３に夫々接続されている。なお、細管１１としては、例えば外径１０ｍｍ程度のステンレス製のものが挙げられる。   A thin tube 11 is wound around the outer surface of the combustion chamber 3 and the tail pipe 9 of the pulse combustor 2. The narrow tube 11 is spirally wound from the base of the combustion chamber 3 to substantially the entire surface and is tightly wound except for the connecting portion of the tail pipe 9, and then the straight pipe portions 9a, 9b, 9c of the tail pipe 9 are wound. Are sequentially wound in a spiral and in a close contact state, the starting end of the narrow tube 11 on the base side of the combustion chamber 3 is the water supply pipe 12, and the end of the narrow pipe 11 is the straight pipe portion 9 c of the tail pipe 9. Each is connected to a tube 13. In addition, as the thin tube 11, the thing made from stainless steel with an outer diameter of about 10 mm is mentioned, for example.

以上の如く構成された瞬間湯沸器１においては、給水管１２から細管１１に水を通水させる一方、混合室５に燃料ガスと燃焼用空気とを夫々供給し、その混合気を燃焼室３内に送り出して、燃焼室３に設けた点火プラグ１４で点火する。すると、混合ガスが燃焼室３内で爆発的燃焼し、その爆発的燃焼に伴う燃焼室３内の圧力上昇によって燃焼ガスがテールパイプ９内へ強制的に排出される。この燃焼ガスの排出により燃焼室３内が負圧となることで、再び混合室５から混合気が吸入され、テールパイプ９からの戻り火によって再び爆発的燃焼が生じる。こうして爆発的燃焼が脈動的に繰り返されることで、燃焼室３からテールパイプ９を通過する高温の燃焼ガスと、外周の細管１１内の水との間で熱交換がなされ、湯となって出湯管から供給されることになる。   In the instant water heater 1 configured as described above, water is passed from the water supply pipe 12 to the narrow pipe 11, while fuel gas and combustion air are supplied to the mixing chamber 5, and the mixture is supplied to the combustion chamber. 3 and is ignited by a spark plug 14 provided in the combustion chamber 3. Then, the mixed gas explosively burns in the combustion chamber 3, and the combustion gas is forcibly discharged into the tail pipe 9 due to a pressure increase in the combustion chamber 3 due to the explosive combustion. Due to the discharge of the combustion gas, the inside of the combustion chamber 3 becomes negative pressure, so that the air-fuel mixture is again sucked from the mixing chamber 5 and explosive combustion occurs again due to the return fire from the tail pipe 9. By repeating the explosive combustion in this manner, heat exchange is performed between the high-temperature combustion gas passing through the tail pipe 9 from the combustion chamber 3 and the water in the outer narrow tube 11 to form hot water. Will be supplied from the tube.

このように、上記形態の瞬間湯沸器１によれば、燃焼室３及びテールパイプ９の外周を細管１１で螺旋状に巻回し、細管１１に水を通過させて、細管１１内の水と、燃焼室３及びテールパイプ９内の燃焼ガスとの間で熱交換可能としたことで、パルス燃焼器２を熱交換器として利用可能となり、低ＮＯｘと高い熱効率とが達成可能となる。   Thus, according to the instantaneous water heater 1 of the said form, the outer periphery of the combustion chamber 3 and the tail pipe 9 is spirally wound by the thin tube 11, and water is passed through the thin tube 11, and the water in the thin tube 11 is Since the heat exchange between the combustion chamber 3 and the combustion gas in the tail pipe 9 is enabled, the pulse combustor 2 can be used as a heat exchanger, and low NOx and high thermal efficiency can be achieved.

なお、上記形態では、パルス燃焼器の燃焼室及びテールパイプの外面に細管を巻回しているが、燃焼室やテールパイプ自体を細管を螺旋状に巻回して形成することもできる。図２はテールパイプ９を細管１１で形成した例を示すもので、このようにすれば、図１の形態よりも燃焼ガスと水との熱交換が効率良く行える。但し、この場合、細管１１の間からの排気漏れを防ぐために、形成したテールパイプ９の外周を外胴１５でカバーするのが望ましい。これは燃焼室を細管で形成した場合も同様であるが、細管の密着部分を耐熱性のある接着剤等でシールできれば、外胴は省略できる。   In the above embodiment, the thin tube is wound around the outer surface of the combustion chamber and tail pipe of the pulse combustor. However, the combustion chamber and the tail pipe itself can be formed by winding the thin tube in a spiral shape. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the tail pipe 9 is formed by the narrow tube 11. By doing so, heat exchange between the combustion gas and water can be performed more efficiently than in the embodiment of FIG. However, in this case, in order to prevent exhaust leakage from between the narrow tubes 11, it is desirable to cover the outer periphery of the formed tail pipe 9 with the outer cylinder 15. The same applies to the case where the combustion chamber is formed of a thin tube, but the outer cylinder can be omitted if the close contact portion of the thin tube can be sealed with a heat-resistant adhesive or the like.

また、このように細管１１でテールパイプ９等を形成した場合は、図３に示すように、細管１１の外面に沿って、内側に突出するフィン１６を螺旋状に設けることもできる。このようなフィン１６を設ければ、燃焼ガスとの接触面積が大きくなって熱効率のさらなる向上に繋がる。勿論このフィン１６は断続的に設けてもよいし、高さも例えば下流へ行くほど高くなるように形成して燃焼ガスとの接触時間の確保を図ったりしてもよい。   Further, when the tail pipe 9 or the like is formed by the narrow tube 11 as described above, the fins 16 projecting inward along the outer surface of the narrow tube 11 can be spirally provided as shown in FIG. Providing such a fin 16 increases the contact area with the combustion gas, leading to further improvement in thermal efficiency. Of course, the fins 16 may be provided intermittently, or the height of the fins 16 may be increased as it goes downstream, for example, to ensure the contact time with the combustion gas.

さらに、上記形態では、燃焼室とテールパイプとの両方に夫々細管を巻回したり、両方を細管で形成したりしているが、燃焼室とテールパイプとの何れか一方でも差し支えない。また、燃焼室への細管の巻回や燃焼室等の細管での形成は上記のように一部でのみ行うものに限らず、燃焼室やテールパイプの全部で行ってもよい。
加えて、細管は一本に限らず、例えば図４に示すように、燃焼室３に巻回する細管１１ａと、テールパイプ９に巻回する細管１１ｂとを別々にして、燃焼室３側の細管１１ａに給水管１２ａと出湯管１３ａとを夫々接続する一方、テールパイプ９側の細管１１ｂに給水管１２ｂと出湯管１３ｂとを夫々接続し、給水管１２ａ，１２ｂ同士と、出湯管１３ａ，１３ｂ同士を夫々接続して、流路を並列に構成することもできる。勿論２組の並列に限らず、テールパイプ９の直管部分９ａ〜９ｃごとに夫々給水管と出湯管とを接続して流路を３組以上並列に構成することも可能である。 Further, in the above embodiment, a thin tube is wound around both the combustion chamber and the tail pipe, or both are formed by a thin tube, but either the combustion chamber or the tail pipe may be used. In addition, the winding of the narrow tube around the combustion chamber and the formation of the narrow tube such as the combustion chamber are not limited to a part as described above, but may be performed in the entire combustion chamber or the tail pipe.
In addition, the number of narrow tubes is not limited to one. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the narrow tube 11 a wound around the combustion chamber 3 and the narrow tube 11 b wound around the tail pipe 9 are separately provided on the combustion chamber 3 side. The water supply pipe 12a and the hot water discharge pipe 13a are connected to the thin pipe 11a, respectively, while the water supply pipe 12b and the hot water supply pipe 13b are connected to the thin pipe 11b on the tail pipe 9 side, respectively, It is also possible to connect the channels 13b and configure the flow paths in parallel. Of course, it is not limited to two sets in parallel, and it is also possible to connect three or more sets of flow paths in parallel by connecting a water supply pipe and a hot water discharge pipe for each of the straight pipe portions 9a to 9c of the tail pipe 9.

一方、図５に示すように、例えば燃焼室３に細管を巻回せずに、その外周をケーシング１７によって非接触で囲み、ケーシング１７に対して給水管１２ａと出湯管１３ａとを夫々接続して、テールパイプ９側の細管１１に接続した給水管１２ｂをケーシング１７側の給水管１２ａに、出湯管１３ｂをケーシング１７側の出湯管１３ａに夫々接続するようにしてもよい。このようにすれば細管を巻回しない部分でも熱交換可能となり、熱効率の向上が期待できる。勿論流路は並列にせず、ケーシング１７側とテールパイプ９側とを直列に接続してもよいし、燃焼室でなくテールパイプ９の直管部分の外周をケーシングによって囲んで流路を形成することもできる。   On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, for example, without winding a thin tube around the combustion chamber 3, the outer periphery thereof is surrounded by the casing 17 in a non-contact manner, and the water supply pipe 12 a and the hot water discharge pipe 13 a are respectively connected to the casing 17. The water supply pipe 12b connected to the narrow pipe 11 on the tail pipe 9 side may be connected to the water supply pipe 12a on the casing 17 side, and the hot water discharge pipe 13b may be connected to the hot water discharge pipe 13a on the casing 17 side. In this way, heat exchange is possible even in a portion where the thin tube is not wound, and improvement in thermal efficiency can be expected. Of course, the flow paths are not arranged in parallel, and the casing 17 side and the tail pipe 9 side may be connected in series. The flow path is formed by surrounding the outer periphery of the straight pipe portion of the tail pipe 9 instead of the combustion chamber with the casing. You can also.

そして、細管自体の構成も、上記形態ではφ１０ｍｍのものを例示したが、φ１２ｍｍ以下であれば２０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２の水圧にも耐え、瞬間湯沸器として使用できる。なお、外径の下限はφ４ｍｍ〜５ｍｍ程度が望ましい。また、材質もドレン腐食を考慮すればステンレス製が好ましいが、外面での巻回であれば銅等の他の金属も採用できる。
一方、細管は、断面円形の管に限らず、断面が四角形や多角形となる角管や、断面が星形等の異形管も採用できる。また、これらの管の内部に軸方向のフィンを立設して流体との接触面積の増大を図ってもよい。 The configuration of the narrow tube itself is exemplified as having a diameter of 10 mm in the above embodiment, but if it is 12 mm or less, it can withstand a water pressure of 20 kg / cm 2 and can be used as an instantaneous water heater. In addition, the lower limit of the outer diameter is desirably about φ4 mm to 5 mm. Further, the material is preferably made of stainless steel in consideration of drain corrosion, but other metals such as copper can be adopted as long as it is wound on the outer surface.
On the other hand, the narrow tube is not limited to a tube having a circular cross section, and a square tube having a quadrangular or polygonal cross section, or a deformed tube having a cross section of a star shape or the like can be employed. Further, an axial fin may be provided inside these pipes to increase the contact area with the fluid.

１・・瞬間湯沸器、２・・パルス燃焼器、３・・燃焼室、４・・エアチャンバ、５・・混合室、６・・ガス管、８・・ファン、９・・テールパイプ、９ａ〜９ｃ・・直管部分、１０・・ケーシング、１１，１１ａ，１１ｂ・・細管、１２，１２ａ，１２ｂ・・給水管、１３，１３ａ，１３ｂ・・出湯管、１５・・外胴、１６・・フィン、１７・・ケーシング。   1 .... Instantaneous water heater, 2 .... Pulse combustor, 3 .... Combustion chamber, 4 .... Air chamber, 5 .... Mixing chamber, 6 .... Gas pipe, 8 .... Fan, 9 .... Tail pipe, 9a to 9c ··· Straight pipe portion, 10 · · Casing, 11, 11a, 11b · · Narrow tube, 12, 12a, 12b · · Water supply pipe, 13, 13a, 13b · · Hot water pipe, 15 · · Outer trunk, 16 ..Fin, 17 ... Case.

Claims (4)

燃料ガスと燃焼用空気との混合気を燃焼させる燃焼室と、その燃焼室に接続され、前記燃焼室で生じた燃焼ガスを送り出すテールパイプとを含むパルス燃焼器であって、
前記燃焼室及び／又は前記テールパイプの少なくとも一部を、細管を螺旋状に巻回して形成し、前記細管に流体を通過させることで、前記細管内の流体と、前記燃焼室及び／又は前記テールパイプ内の前記燃焼ガスとの間で熱交換可能としたことを特徴とするパルス燃焼器。 A pulse combustor including a combustion chamber for burning a mixture of fuel gas and combustion air, and a tail pipe connected to the combustion chamber and for sending the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber,
At least a part of the combustion chamber and / or the tail pipe is formed by spirally winding a thin tube, and fluid is passed through the thin tube, so that the fluid in the thin tube, the combustion chamber, and / or the A pulse combustor characterized in that heat exchange is possible with the combustion gas in the tail pipe. 前記細管での形成部分の外周に、当該形成部分を覆う外胴を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載のパルス燃焼器。   The pulse combustor according to claim 1, wherein an outer cylinder that covers the formation portion is provided on an outer periphery of the formation portion of the narrow tube. 前記細管に、前記燃焼室及び／又は前記テールパイプの内側に向けてフィンを立設したことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のパルス燃焼器。   The pulse combustor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein fins are erected on the narrow tube toward the inside of the combustion chamber and / or the tail pipe. 加熱手段を備えた熱交換器に給水管と出湯管とを接続し、前記給水管から供給される水を前記熱交換器で加熱して前記出湯管から出湯する瞬間湯沸器であって、
前記熱交換器に請求項１乃至３の何れかに記載のパルス燃焼器を用いて、前記細管の一端に前記給水管を、他端に前記出湯管を夫々接続したことを特徴とする瞬間湯沸器。 A water heater connected to a water supply pipe and a tapping pipe to a heat exchanger provided with a heating means, wherein the water supplied from the water supply pipe is heated by the heat exchanger and discharged from the tapping pipe,
An instantaneous hot water characterized in that the pulse combustor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used as the heat exchanger, and the water supply pipe is connected to one end of the thin tube, and the tap water pipe is connected to the other end. Boiler.
JP2013005591A 2013-01-16 2013-01-16 Pulse combustor and instantaneous water heater Pending JP2013100983A (en)

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