JPS61501439A - Water desalination and/or purification method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method and apparatus for desalination and/or purification of water The present invention relates to desalination and/or purification of water. It concerns methods and equipment.

Vertical pipe generator, vapor compression, solar Fujidome, refrigeration for water desalination and/or purification The use of methods, reverse immersion 1 and electrodialysis is known in the art. All conventionally known These types of plants are expensive to construct and maintain, and the resulting water produced is expensive. becomes. Other obvious disadvantages with previously known methods, apart from perhaps solar heating, are If they are power-intensive methods, such as electricity, petroleum or other suitable energy sources, It is necessary to supply an energy source. The result is low cost electricity generation. Both are reactor plans that use low-pressure steam in a distillation plant; High costs are obtained for small and medium-sized plants. Included in water desalination or purification In order to reduce the cost of As disclosed in the specifications of No. 4,026 and No. 4,172,767, It has previously been proposed to use solar energy or wind energy.

With respect to U.S. Pat. No. 2,820,744, the floating solar distiller disclosed is A dome-shaped floating outer casing with continuous side walls with a top enclosure extending over its upper edge. a truss extending upwardly from the bottom of the outer wall and opening upwardly between the side walls. said casing having a liquid permeable bulkhead extending therein; It consists of a continuous inner wall. This flotation casing is attached to the side walls and the bottom of the trough. immersed in seawater and floated on the open sea, and every 7 hours the water passes through a hood that removes solids and animals. It will rise into the inner wall above the permeable septum, acting as a filter. Dark coated surface , the top enclosure absorbs sunlight and the increase in heat causes the water on the bulkhead to evaporate. . The steam thus generated contacts the inside of the outer wall, which is cooled by seawater, and condenses. Condensed water accumulates in the trough and is drawn from there through a conduit. The raw material of this equipment Although the yield is small, the energy required to transport the purified water from the trough through the conduit is No energy is required other than solar energy.

U.S. Patent No. 3,334,026 combines solar and wind energy Discloses a method for producing drinking water based on In the first stage, the temperature passing through a conduit saturated with water and having a winking portion communicating with seawater; The relatively high humidity air flow is heated, expanded, and then passed through the cooler. The water vapor in the air stream condenses and is delivered to a fresh water reservoir.

The water purification method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,767 is based on solar energy. The method involves the use of wind energy to increase the production output of the method. This is what I propose. The method is heated by the sun's rays and is not clean. Based on the use of a covered tank containing fresh water, the steam is sent to the condenser by a blower. , from where the condensed water is fed to a storage tank. Wind energy drives a blower Used to increase air flow above the water surface in tanks containing unclean water. I can do it.

The above two sides of the prior art are based on the use of solar thermal energy, and also on the minimum energy requirement. Discloses previous efforts to discover methods of desalination and/or purification of water by addition are doing. The floating solar still disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,820,744 Only additional energy is required to transport the water from the trough through the conduit to the storage tank. However, the amount of fresh water produced from this device is low.

The object of the present invention is to have a reasonably high yield of fresh water, but which is naturally and easily obtainable. Water desalination and/or purification methods and equipment that require only It is important to disclose the location.

Another object of the invention is that it is easy to transport and install and requires minimal monitoring and repair. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-cost WW for the above purpose.

The water desalination and/or purification method of the present invention is characterized in that water is suspended and floated on the water surface, and Based on the use of zone-limiting wall elements stretched along the a confined water surface where the resulting air flow is heated by the sun's rays through the upper wall. The airflow is directed from a confined area to the cooler, from where the condensate is directed to a storage tank or the like.

The device according to the invention is arranged such that the limiting wall member extends downwardly below the water surface. The upper wall further includes a flexible wall extending from the lower portion thereof, and the upper wall is a limiting wall member and an upper wall. Facilitate airflow into the enclosure formed by the surface of the stagnant wall and the limiting wall member. The air flow is directed through the conduit to the cooler and from there The feature is that the condensed water is sent to a storage tank or the like. The advantage is that The second wall has a dark endothermic surface and includes a lower second wall that is immersed a small distance below the surface of the water. the wall is filled with an air-filled cushion to keep the second wall stagnant below the surface of the water. or similar elements and also promote the free flow of water between the top and bottom of the second wall. Contains a through hole. Air flow through the enclosure is controlled by a real It can be enhanced by a solar heating chimney that extends qualitatively vertically.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Among them, FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 with additional elements added.

FIG. 3 is a cutaway sectional view showing a modification of the air inlet.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the upper covering wall surface.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.

Figure 6 shows a pump affected by wave motion and arranged to pump air into the device. FIG.

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar heating chimney arranged to draw air into the device. .

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing how rainwater can be collected in another variant.

Figure 9 shows how the device is partially immersed in water and partially washed by waves. A perspective view showing how it is arranged so as to cut out the sandy beach.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9.

Figure 11 shows how a large number of immersed or half-immersed units can be FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing how they are interconnected to cover an area.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes an upper covering wall 1 from which an expanded portion 2.2' extends. a flotation member extending downwardly and having a skirt 3.3' extending further downwardly from the bottom thereof; Contains. Skirt) 3.3' lower free part expands with skirt 3.3'. Preferably, it includes a weight i4,4' extending substantially perpendicularly from the tensioned portion 2.2'. It is advantageous. The flotation member is manufactured as a unit of synthetic plastic material. 3.3' is the outer part of the upper wall. formed by folding and welding. A large number of air populations 5,5' It extends upward from the upper covering wall surface 1 and communicates with the interior of the flotation member.

When said member is installed above the water surface 6, it has an area corresponding to the size of the flotation member. limit. FIG. 1 shows how the conduit 7 is adjacent to one end portion of the upper wall 1. How the other end of the conduit 7 is connected below the water surface 6 It is shown whether the cooler 8 is installed and is cooled by surrounding water and is placed in communication with the cooler 8. ing. When the upper wall is exposed to sunlight, the expansion part 2.2' and the skirt 3, The water contained within 3' is heated and the steam coming out of the heated water is passed through conduit 7. It moves to the cooler 8 and is condensed. However, U.S. Patent No. 2,820.744 As already mentioned in connection with However, other measures are needed to obtain the desired and acceptable yield of fresh water. steps will be required.

The air inlet 5.5' prevents such by directing the air flow into the interior of the flotation member. Provide an alternative. These air inlets 5.5' have an inlet opening relative to the floating member. be arranged in a fixed manner or arranged for rotational movement about a vertical axis. can be done. In the first case, the flotation member is in the inlet opening of the air inlet 5.5'. Preferably, the mouth is arranged facing the wind, and in the second case: The air inlet 5.5' is arranged so that the inlet opening is always in the direction of the wind and that the air flow into the floating structure is 5.5' preferably includes means for locating the air inlet 5.5' to maximize the According to Akira, each air inlet 5.5' allows airflow into the interior of the flotation member, but not outwardly. may include a valve 9, such as a flap valve or other type of valve, to restrict the flow of the (Figure 3), when the flotation member is moved by waves, the upper wall surface 1 and the expansion The air volume in parts 2, 2' is constantly and alternately increased/decreased, and when it increases , the air pressure decreases relative to the surrounding atmospheric pressure, which causes the valve member 9 to open and close the structure. The valve member 9 closes when the volume decreases due to wave motion, allowing air flow into the interior of the valve member 9; The air pressure within the structure increases above atmospheric pressure, directing the air flow through conduit 7 to cooler 8. to pump. The above action is repeated m times in a row, and the water surface contained within the flotation member is Creates intermittent airflow, thereby increasing evaporation and fresh water production. However Increased efficiency due to solar energy heating and forced airflow passing over the heated water surface airflow is achieved by a combination of wind energy or wave energy. or a combination thereof.

Similarly, pump equipment anchored to the bottom of a lake or sea where flotation members are used? 1il Obviously the use of waves to influence O or a large number of such devices An example is shown in FIG.

However, if the flotation member has little or no wave motion, flotation members if used in hot, sunny climates such as subtropical climates. The desired air flow above the water surface, limited by , can be achieved in other ways.

Referring to FIG. 7, how the transparent chimney 11 is arranged at the air outlet of the cooler 8. It is shown whether they are connected or not. The chimney 11 encloses a body 13 with a dark outer surface. The outer surface of the main body 13 continuously decreases in the direction toward the upper outlet of the chimney 11. When the main body 11 receives sunlight, its surface is heated and the upward movement through the chimney Creates a strong airflow. The continuously decreasing flow area in the chimney 11 is continuous with respect to the air flow. resulting in continuously increasing speed.

To further increase evaporation within the flotation member, the upper covering wall 1 is constructed as shown in FIGS. Further improvements can be made as shown in FIG. According to this example , the upper covering wall 1 has two layers 1 and 14, each having a number of lenses 14, 14'. and 1'', said lens 1414' being a certain distance below lens 14.14'. i.e. at or just below the surface of the water contained within the flotation member. They are arranged so that they absorb and converge the sun's rays. Lens 14.14' is , are advantageously layers of a suitable liquid enclosed between layers 1, 1'; It is diametrically delimited by an enclosing welded joint between the two layers 1, 1'.

It is also possible to arrange a second wall 15, which wall is preferably dark absorbent. Thermal and extended between the inner surfaces of the expansion part 2.2' or scar) 3.3'! Is it done? It is arranged so as to be immersed in water surrounded by two flotation members. Shown in Figure 8 As shown, holes 16,16' are provided in this second wall 15, thereby allowing water flow. promotes the flow into a defined area. When used for desalination, the valve member should be a return located in the hole 16.16' and exiting from the space defined by the second wall 15; It is possible to prevent the flow of salt, thus recovering and using it. The above production or precipitation can be achieved. In this case, the covered wall surface 1 Alternatively, the second wall surface 15 should be arranged in a removable manner.

The second wall 15 may advantageously contain a number of gas or air-filled portions or one bubble. and they connect the second wall surface 15 to a part below the water surface surrounded by the flotation member. It acts to maintain a constant distance.

When used in areas where rainfall is expected, as shown in Figure 8, Other variants can be made that facilitate the possibility of water recovery. The upper covering wall surface 1 is Because it covers a fairly large area and is manufactured from flexible materials, rainwater is stored on the surface by deforming it. The central part of each coated wall surface 1 is equipped with a cooler 8 or has a water outlet 17 communicating with a conduit 18 connected to a fresh water storage tank 19, and The water from the cooler 8 is passed for storage or subsequent use.

When rainfall begins, the upper covering wall surface is covered with debris and other material deposits. A valve 20 is provided at the water outlet to reduce the pressure of the water present on the top of the upper cover wall 1. a force is activated when the surface indicates that the surface is substantially covered by water; It is set up like this. When enough water is accumulated on the upper covering wall l, the valve part The material 20 opens to promote free flow into the floating member after a period of time, or Then, when a certain amount of water passes through the valve member 20, flow is diverted to conduit 1.

The flotation members have associated scars (3.3'), are spaced apart from each other, and are including a number of supporting expansion parts 2.2' forming a number of mutually adjacent confined areas; is preferred. Obviously, a number of floating members may be interrelated to obtain the desired coverage. It is also possible to connect them (FIG. 11).

According to the present invention, installed underwater and combining solar thermal energy with heated air flow above the water surface. output during a 24-hour period by plants arranged to utilize combinations of is in the range 10-401/r4, i.e. has an area of 200 i Plants covering the water surface have a production capacity of 2 to 8 rrr, however, this production By installing the parts so that some parts cover the water surface and some parts cover the sandy beach. , can be significantly increased. The size of a grain of sand is 1 crane and the depth of water is Lotm. Due to the capillary effect of water washed by waves, the effective area of the beach is The depth per crane is 6 times larger than the area, that is, the area of 1% sandy beach is 60n (area of be equivalent to. As a result, the production capacity of a plant that partially covers a sandy beach is 10-20 double, and if the plant covers the total area of 20 rrr, then the 24 hour The total power output between will be in the range of 30-60 rrr.

installed partially underwater and partially installed on a sandy surface washed by waves. 9 and 10, the inflatable portions 2, 2' The skirt 3 acts as an isolation member that installs the covering wall 1 at a certain distance from the sandy beach surface. , 3' act as an anchoring device and a sealing device buried in a sandy beach, for example.

The sandy beach acts as a storage device for solar heat, and the absorption of solar radiation further contributes to this example. In contrast, a ``flotation member'' device is arranged so that only a portion of the body floats. Prior to limiting the area, further improvements can be made by preparing the beach. Ru. First, the second wall surface 15 of the above type is buried at a certain distance below the surface of the sandy beach. can do. Second, the sandy surface is preferably covered with pockets formed in the sandy beach. It can also be covered by a dark endothermic material placed inside. these two The methods can be combined.

The various features disclosed can be adapted in many ways to suit the conditions existing at each location. Can be combined. Use in areas where no wind or wave conditions are expected. When used, it has a submerged lower surface to achieve air flow above the heated water. and a suitable embodiment combination with a floating member comprising at least one solar heating chimney. For use where sufficient airflow can be obtained through wind power, When installed, solar heating chimneys can often be omitted.

The method and apparatus according to the invention are for recovering salts when used for desalination of water. You can also use

The holes 16, 16' in the second wall 15 are made small and allow continuous salt washing. By blocking the free flow of water, said second wall 15 is equipped with a salt collecting device. It can be used as a stand. If used in conjunction with a sandy surface, the water's edge It is also possible to place a barrier in close proximity to the prevents it from being washed away by waves.

As for the expansion parts 2.2', they can be reversed if the flotation member ruptures locally. A large number of independent parts closed to each other to ensure that they do not interact. Preferably, these parts 2, 2' are made of other than flexible synthetic plastic material. materials, e.g. - often made from durable materials, both non-metallic and metallic materials. It is clear that it can be done.

The solar heating chimney 11 can also be manufactured in many ways and from various materials. Ru. *Pure design forms a frame on which a flexible plastic material is applied including a tubular structure. However, some materials based on metallic as well as non-metallic materials Layered constructions may also be used.

International funding report

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. a confined area suspended at least partially above the surface of the water and having an upper wall A method of water desalination and purification based on the use of wall elements, using wind, wave or solar The heat-generated airflow is confined through the upper wall and heated by the sun's rays. airflow is directed from a confined area to the cooler and from there A method by which condensate water is directed to a storage tank or the like. 2. The limiting wall member extends from its bottom and extends downwardly below the stagnant surface. including a flexible skirt arranged such that the upper wall includes a limiting wall member, an upper wall and a limiting wall section; The air inlet facilitates air flow into the enclosure formed by the surface that stagnates the material. installed, the airflow is directed through a conduit to a cooler, from where the condensed water is stored Desalinization and/or water passing through a tank etc. by the method described in claim 1. or purification equipment. 3. A lower second wall, preferably with a dark endothermic surface, is located a small distance below the stagnation surface. The second wall is immersed in the water and filled with air to keep the stagnant second wall below the water surface. including a cushion or similar element and also providing free flow of water between the upper and lower surfaces of the second wall. 3. A device as claimed in claim 2, including a through hole for allowing the air flow to occur. 4. Airflow through the enclosure extends substantially vertically from the cooler to the air outlet. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, enhanced by an elongated solar heating chimney. 5. The solar heated chimney has a preferably dark heat absorber, preferably of partially transparent material. an outer tubular member surrounding the material, and an air space between the outer tubular member and the enclosed heat absorbing member. The air flow path preferably has a flow area that decreases in the direction towards the air outlet of the chimney. 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the device is arranged in such a manner that the 6. The upper wall is substantially centrally located and connected to a storage tank or the like by a conduit. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with an outlet device. 7. Before the valve member diverts flow to a conduit communicating with a storage tank, etc. claim 1 arranged to allow free flow of the initial volume of water from the The device according to item 6. 8. The upper wall is arranged so that the incoming sunlight is focused at a certain distance below the upper wall. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, including a plurality of lens arrangements. 9. The enclosure is partially submerged in water, thereby limiting the area of some water, and generally located to surround an adjacent beach area that is washed by incoming waves. and an apparatus according to claim 2. 10. The sandy area covered is dark endothermic and has fine-grained material and/or sandy surface. covered by a substantially impermeable sheet member positioned a distance below; The apparatus according to claim 9.